資源簡介

(共20張PPT)
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Discovering useful strutures
Ellipsis
(省略)
Ellipsis
Cases of ellipsis in the public signs
You cannot smoke here.
You can park your car here.
You cannot take photos here.
You should cross here with care on your bike.
subject 主語
modal verb 情態動詞
Simple sentence 簡單句
結合上面的對話完成句子
1. While _________ (iron) clothes, Miss Good accidentally touched
the iron.
2. Remove clothing using scissors ____________ (如果有必要的話)
unless it is stuck to the burn.
ironing
if necessary
What is Ellipsis Why should we use Ellipsis
為了避免重復，將句子中的一個或幾個成分省去，這種語法現象叫省略。省略是避免重復、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法手段。
I can give you some advice.
I touched the iron accidentally.
Ellipsis
1
2
3
4
5
6
Imperative sentence 祈使句
Adverbial clause 狀語從句
Exclamatory sentence 感嘆句
Compound sentence 并列句
Simple sentence 簡單句
Attributive clause 定語從句
7
...
省略句的定義(definition of ellipsis)
省略是為了避免重復、突出新信息并使
上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。
省略在語言中, 尤其在對話中, 是一種
十分普遍的現象。
省略前提:
主謂賓, 定狀表, 如有重復可刪掉。
省略原則: 詞語省略后, 不致令人費解。
① (You) Come in, please.
② (I) See you tomorrow.
③ (I) Thank you for your help.
④ (I) Beg your pardon.
簡單句中的省略
1. 省略主語: 祈使句中的主語通常被省略;
其他省略主語的情況多限于
少數現成的說法。
① (It) Sounds a good idea.
② (Will you) Have a smoke
③ (Would you like) Something to drink
④ (You come) This way, please.
2. 省略主語或謂語的一部分
3. 省略賓語
① --- Do you know Miss Hu
--- I don't know (her).
② Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates
(dancing).
可以省略賓語的全部
① Don't touch anything unless the
teacher tells you to (touch).
② --- Are you a teacher
--- No, but I want to be (a teacher).
③ --- He hasn't finished the task.
--- Well, he ought to have (finished it).
可以省略作賓語的動詞不定式, 只保留to, 但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成形式, 則須在to后加上be或have。
① --- Are you thirsty
--- Yes, I am (thirsty).
② His brother isn't lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
4. 省略表語
① --- Are you feeling better now
--- (I'm feeling) Better (now).
② --- When did you read the novel
--- (I read it) Long ago.
③ Let's meet at the school gate as thesame as (we met) yesterday.
5. 同時省略幾個句子成分
Ellipsis in compound sentence復合句中的省略
1.省略共同的主語或賓語。
*Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman.
史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬幣，并把它交給了一位警察。
2.若主語不同而其后的助動詞、情態動詞相同，則省略后面的助動詞或情態動詞。
*Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，瑪麗在寫作業。
并列句中的省略
3. 若句子中前半句與后半句的主語與謂語動詞相同，則省略后面的謂語成分。
*His approach to solving the problem made me happy, but (made) Jim angry. 他的解決該問題的方法使我高興，但使吉姆憤怒。
4. 若主語不同，但主要動詞及后續部分相同，則省略后面的主要動詞及后續部分。
*I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987. 我出生于 1988年冬天，鮑勃是 1987 年冬天。
用省略結構改寫下列句子。
1. I work in a factory and my brother works on a farm.
→ I work in a factory and ________________________.
2. We’re bound to win someday, but when are we to win
→ We’re bound to win someday, but __________？
my brother on a farm
when
即學即練
一些特殊結構中的省略
① No parking.
(No parking is allowed here.)
② Quiet!
(You should be quiet here.)
1. signs/labels
Turandot on stage.
(The opera Turandot is being performed on stage.)
2. newspaper headlines
Do not bend!
(Do not bend this envelope.)
3. instructions
Best wishes.
(I give you my best wishes.)
4. postcards/diaries
Opera OK, costumes great.
(The opera was OK, and the costumes were great.)
5. notes
對話雙方都知道的指代內容可以省略；
為了避免重復，下文會省略與上文一樣的部分；
賓語從句中，主從句的謂語相同時，可以省略從句中的全部謂語甚至主語。但當及物動詞之后跟兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可省略。
狀語從句中主語和主句主語一致，而且主語后是be動詞，從句主語和be動詞可以省略。
在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞that, which, whom, who等常可以省略。
1. You mean you are planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday
It sounds like a good idea.
2. He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn't solve the problems.
3. If it is necessary, I'll finish my report on American poetry as soon as it is possible.
4. Are you going to dress like that Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.
5. Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not poisonous.
6. I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.
P30 2
Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.
Read the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.
P30 3
Justin: Linlin, I'm going to Guizhou Province next month. I'm super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit
Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit … well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.
Justin: What's special about the waterfall
Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West
Justin: Yes, I have. Why
Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.
Justin: Really Cool! I'll definitely check it out.
Linlin: And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You'll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.
Justin: Sounds great, thanks!
Justin: Linlin, I'm going to Guizhou Province next month. I'm super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit in Guizhou Province
Linlin: Wow, that's cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou Well,
definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.
Justin: What's special about the waterfall
Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West
Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West. Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West
Linlin: In the back of the Huangguoshu waterfall, you will find a cave,
which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.
Justin: That's really true It's cool! I'll definitely check it out.
Linlin: And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You'll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.
Justin: This all Sounds great. Thanks!
用省略結構改寫下列復合句。
1. Who is the man whom you were talking to
→ Who is the man ________________________
2. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who has
used it.
→ Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know ______.
3. When it is heated, a piece of ice will turn into water.
→ ________________, a piece of ice will turn into water.
you were talking to
who
When heated
Exercise
4. Although he was hard-working, he couldn’t earn enough to
support himself.
→ _____________________, he couldn’t earn enough to support
himself.
5. He’s the man that you can safely depend on.
→ He’s the man ________________________.
6. They don’t use more water than it is necessary.
→ They don’t use more water _______________.
Although hard-working
you can safely depend on
than necessary
Exercise

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