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(共19張PPT)
Book3 Unit 3
The world of science
Grammar
Unit 3
現在完成時 (have/has + v-ed)
1) 表示說話時已經完成的動作，而且這個動作的結果對現在仍有影響;
2) 表示動作發生在過去，但一直持續到現在，并且有可能繼續持續下去。
Unit 3
被動語態
助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞
be隨主語的人稱、數和時態的變化而變化。
當強調動作承受者，不必說出執行者或含糊不清的執行者時，多用被動語態。
Unit 3
Verb form
Active
Passive
have / has + been + v-ed
have /has + v-ed
現在完成時的被動語態
現在完成時被動語態的結構
主動
被動
Unit 3
現在完成時被動語態的意義
表示動作發生在過去, 到現在已經完成或對現在產生的影響。動詞和主語構成被動關系。
肯定式：have/has + been + v-ed
否定式：have/has + not + been + v-ed
一般疑問句：Have/Has +主語+ been +v-ed
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has +been+ v-ed
現在完成時的被動語態
Unit 3
1.并不是所有動詞都有被動語態。
happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last
等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態。
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
2. 動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動語態中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。
e.g. The orphans have been taken good care of here．
【考點提示】
Unit 3
3. 現在完成時與一般過去時被動語態的區別
一般過去時被動語態表示一個被動的動作發生在過去，其結果對現在沒有影響；
現在完成時被動語態的動作或狀態盡管發生在過去，但側重說明該動作或狀態對現在造成的影響或結果。
【考點提示】
Unit 3
The machine has been repaired．
機器已經修好了。(動作發生在過去，但對現在有影響，說明機器修好了，可以使用了。)
The machine was repaired yesterday．
機器昨天修了。(強調機器是昨天修好的。)
【考點提示】
Unit 3
1. 將下面句子中的主動語態變為被動語態。
1) Nobody has heard of Susan since she moved .
________________________________________.
2) We haven't given them anything to eat.
_________________________________________3) We have already discussed this question.
_________________________________________
Susan hasn't been heard of since she moved.
This question has already been discussed.
They haven't been given anything to eat.
Unit 3
1) The same mistake _______________ (make) many times.
2) More than 100 famous films ________________
(show) in the city since July.
2.用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。
has been made
have been shown
Unit 3
3) For his tenth birthday, Carl wanted a bicycle but ________ (give) a guitar by his parents.
4) Although it _______________ (play) many times, he still loves it.
5) Three new schools _______________ (open) in our city in the past 5 years.
has been played
have been opened
was given
Unit 3
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Grammar: Present perfect passive
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Unit 3
Grammar: Present perfect passive
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Many things in our lives have already been affected,
Unit 3
3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.
But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Grammar: Present perfect passive
Unit 3
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Grammar: Present perfect passive
Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology.
A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Unit 3
Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.
Grammar: Present perfect passive
Unit 3
Grammar: Present perfect passive
1. The lock on the door has been broken.
2. The window has been broken.
3. My two laptops have been stolen.
4. Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.
5. The book case has been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.
6. The robot has been damaged.
Unit 3
Review grammar.
Read the text on Page 26-27 again and underline all the sentences of the present perfect and present perfect passive voice.

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