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(共35張PPT)
Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
Reading (II)
Revising the lecture transcript
Many natural wonders and human civilization are (1)____________ (fascinate) but in danger so that UNESCO (2)______________________________ (struggle) to preserve them since its establishment.
fascinating
has been struggling/has struggled
Heritage sites face threats (3)____________ nature and human activities. They can (4)____________ (wear) down gradually by the long-term natural forces like wind, water and temperature. Besides, great damage can be caused by wars. (5)____________ (strange) enough, many problems may be caused by World Heritage status, which (6)____________ (give) rise to floods of tourists (7)____________ make the sites suffer continuous wear and tear.
from
be worn
Strangely
gives
who/that
Revising the lecture transcript
What’s more, human population growth also contributes to the (8)____________ (increase) demand for production and (9)____________ (consume) of goods so many heritage sites are in danger.
Such (10)____________ (danger) not only do harm to the sites but also to humans. So we should take action to protect and preserve them.
increasing
consumption
dangers
Revising the lecture transcript
Definitions
awe
1) n. feelings of respect and slight fear; feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb
2) v. to fill sb with awe
awesome adj. very impressive or very difficult and perhaps rather frightening
awful adj. very bad
Vocabulary web
awe n. awesome adj.
awe n. awful adj. awfully adv.
(1) awe
Definitions
1) n. a state of human society that is very developed and organized
2) n. a society, its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world
3) n. all the people in the world and the societies they live in, considered as a whole
Vocabulary web
civil adj. civilize v. civilization n.
(2) civilization
Definitions
1) v. to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that sth is kept
2) v. to keep sth in its original state in good condition
Vocabulary web
preserve v. preservation n.
reserve [r z v] v. reserved adj. reservation n.
conserve [k n s v] v. conservation n.
(3) preserve
Definitions
1) adj. that needs to be dealt with or happen immediately
2) adj. showing that you think that sth needs to be dealt with immediately
Vocabulary web
urge v. & n. urgent adj. urgently adv. urgency n.
(4) urgent
Definitions
1) to become, or make sth become, gradually smaller or smoother by continuously using or rubbing it
2) to make sb/sth weaker or less determined, especially by continuously attacking or putting pressure on them or it over a period of time
Vocabulary web
wear and tear
be worn out
(5) wear down
Definitions
1) n. the state or process of being destroyed or severely damaged
2) n. the fact of having no money, of having lost your job, position, etc.
3) n. the parts of a building that remain after it has been destroyed or severely damaged
4) v. to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.; to spoil sth
5) v. to make sb/sth lose all their money, their position, etc.
Vocabulary web
in ruins
(6) ruin
Definitions
1) adj. impossible to believe
2) adj. extremely good or extremely large
Vocabulary web
credit n. credible adj. credibly adv. credibility n.
incredible adj. incredibly adv.
(7) incredible
Definitions
1) n. violent behaviour that is intended to hurt or kill sb
2) n. physical or emotional force and energy
Vocabulary web
violent adj. violently adv. violence n.
(8) violence
Definitions
1) n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument
2) n. a violent situation or period of fighting between two countries
3) n. a situation in which there are opposing ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes; a situation in which it is difficult to choose
4) v. if two ideas, beliefs, stories, etc. conflict , it is not possible for them to exist together or for them both to be true
Vocabulary web
in conflict with
(9) conflict
Definition
n. the result or effect of an action or event
Vocabulary web
come out outcome n.
break through breakthrough n.
break down breakdown n
break out outbreak n.
let out outlet n.
come in income n.
put out output n.
come over overcome v.
(10) outcome
Definitions
1) n. a person who is an expert in a particular area of work or study
2) n. a doctor who has specialized in a particular area of medicine
Vocabulary web
special adj. specially adv. specialist n.
(11) specialist
Definitions
1) v. to make a judgement about the nature or quality of sb/sth
2) v. to calculate the amount or value of sth
Vocabulary web
assess n. assessment n.
see: access v. & n. accessible adj.
(12) assess
Definitions
1) v. to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart
2) v. to fall down (and usually become unconscious), especially because you are very ill/sick
3) n. the action of a building suddenly falling
4) n. a medical condition when a person suddenly becomes very ill/sick, or when sb falls because they are ill/sick or weak
Vocabulary web
see: college; ecology
(13) collapse
Definitions
1) v. to hang sth from sth else
2) v. to officially stop sth for a time; to prevent sth from being active, used, etc. for a time
Vocabulary web
see: suspect; respect; inspect; aspect; except
(14) suspend
(1) It’s merely a question of time before the business ____________ (collapse).
(2) In yesterday’s test all the people ____________ (assess) as either safe or unsafe drivers.
(3) You’re never in the research field, but you’re ____________ (awful) good at it.
(4) The outcome ____________ (depend) on conditions as well as how events unfold.
collapses
were assessed
awfully
depends
Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.
(5) What first attracted me to her was her ____________ (incredibility) experience of life.
(6) I request them ____________ (suspend) their decision until they have read my story.
(7) She found herself in ____________ (conflict) with her parents over her future career.
(8) You should attend to the ____________ (urgent) matters of all the things and let the rest wait.
incredible
to suspend
conflict
most urgent
Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.
(9) It’s difficult ____________ (preserve) your dignity when you have no job and no home.
(10) It’s demanded that kindergartens, primary and middle schools ____________ (suspend) classes.
(11) This country was proud of its education system, but now it seems to be in ____________ (ruin).
(12) Mary ____________ (wear) her mother down by begging so that she let her go to the movies.
to preserve
suspend
ruins
wore
Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.
(13) The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and ____________ (civilize).
(14) This evidence supports the view that there is too much ____________ (violent) on television.
(15) A group of thirty-five ____________ (special) met last week to help the needed families.
civilization
violence
specialists
Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.
Complete the blog entry with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
incredible (2) wore down
(3) internal (4) urgent
(5) ruined (6) at the thought of
(7) civilization (8) agenda
B1
Find the words and phrases in the lecture transcript and think of more on your own.
Words and phrases related to damage:
destruction, ruin, damage, destroy, wear and tear, harm
B2
Words and phrases related to protection:
protection, protect, preservation
Understand transitional sentence
Texts that flow smoothly are more elegant and also easier to understand. We can connect the ideas of two paragraphs with a transitional sentence—a sentence that serves as a bridge between the two paragraphs.
B3
Find the transitional sentences in the lecture transcript.
Let’s look at some specific issues. (End of para. 1)
Another big danger is human activities. (Beginning of para. 3)
Meanwhile, World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems. (Beginning of para. 4)
Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people. (Beginning of para. 6)
B3
Understanding the complex sentences
1. If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.
__________
________________
_____________________
________________
_____
_____________________________________________
main body
ellipsis form of conditional adverbial clause
prepositional phrase modifying “sites”
object clause
2. Every day, thousands of tourists climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long-term consequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure.
________
___________________
present participial phrase modifying “tourists”
________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________
________________________
Understanding the complex sentences
main body
3. The city has been recognized as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.
_________________________________
___________________________
_________________________________
prepositional phrase used as adverbial
Understanding the complex sentences
main body
4. Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming, a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected, which harms its fragile natural ecology.
__________________________________
__________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
attributive clause modifying the main body of the sentence
_________
_________
_________
__________
prepositional phrase used as adverbial
Understanding the complex sentences
main body
5. If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action.
______________________________________________________________
“If” guides an adverbial clause
____
_______
_________________________________________________
Understanding the complex sentences
main body
Homework
1. Finish part B and part D in the workbook.
2. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words or phrases.
credit card; collapse; wear and tear; civilize; conflict with; assess; in awe
(1) The students are a little ____________ of their professor.
(2) The mark of a ____________ society is that it looks after its weakest members.
(3) This kind of shoes won’t survive the ____________ of a few days’ time.
(4) You can pay in cash or use your ____________ in our hotel.
credit card; collapse; wear and tear; civilize; conflict with; assess; in awe
(5) Ask them to send you information on how ____________ the value of your belongings.
(6) Their actions will ____________ the universally accepted business rules.
(7) Hundreds of lives were threatened when the building _____________.
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