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(共12張PPT)
Unit 2 Understanding each other
Grammar and usage
Lead-in
Differences
between A.E. & B.E.
American English
British English
Examples
跳舞
足球
顏色
[d ns]
[dɑ ns]
football
soccer
color
colour
Aspects
pronunciation
vocabulary
spelling
communication styles
Reading and searching
Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language. However, after studying in each of them, I found it is more than that. Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary, there is a significant gap in terms of communication styles.
I spent one term in the UK, where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking. British people are known to be polite. So polite, in fact, that they will sometimes say the complete opposite of what they really mean: a common opinion is “It’s not bad”, which usually translates as “It’s awful”. No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.
But it surely left an impression on me. Later, I had the opportunity to study as an exchange student in the USA for one year. Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed to get straight to the point. There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please ” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind ” I had to learn a whole new way of communicating.
By the end of the exchange year, I had a somewhat better understanding of how to communicate in both countries, but I still have a lot to master. As my experiences clearly show, learning a language is just the beginning!
Exploring the rules
Restrictive relative clauses ... two countries that are separated by a common language.
Non- restrictive relative clauses
There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please ” …
I spent one term in the UK, where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking.
… a common opinion is “It’s not bad”, which usually translates as “It’s awful”.
Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a direct style …
Working out the rules
A restrictive relative clause is used to modify a noun, pronoun or noun phrase and gives (1)___________ (necessary/additional) information about it. For the clause, there is no comma before it.
A non-restrictive relative clause gives (2)_________ (necessary/additional) information about a noun, pronoun or noun phrase in the sentence, or the main clause. We cannot use (3)______ (that/which) to introduce it.
necessary
additional
that
Practice
Complete the following sentences according to the given Chinese.
1) Mike is one of those _________________（熱愛自然的）.
2) Can you think of a situation _________________________（這個詞能用的）
3) I like the way _______________________（你笑的）.
4) I have a good friend ________________________（他的母親是個護士）.
5) They fixed a date __________________________________（他們將再次見面的）.
6) I will visit the museum ____________________________（新機器人展出的）
who love nature
where this word can be used
(in which/that) you smile
whose mother is a nurse
when/on which they would meet again
where/in which new robots are exhibited.
Practice
7) Can you tell me the reason __________________________（你昨天上學遲到的）
8) This is my favorite song, ____________________________（我十年前第一次聽這首歌）.
9) Let's put off our appointment until next Monday,
__________________________（那時我們都有空）.
10) Jenny said she could finish the project within two weeks,
_________________________ （對此我很懷疑）.
11) Betty spent one year in Beijing,
___________________________________________（在那段時間她學了些中文）.
12) ___________________（正如大家所見）, Nanjing is a beautiful city.
why/for which you were late for school yesterday
which I first heard ten years ago
when we are both available
which I doubt very much
during which time she picked up some Chinese
As anybody can see
Applying the rules
B1 Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + relative pronoun” structures.
1. In the UK, ___________ punctuality is very important, you should try not to arrive late.
2. In Thailand, the foot, ____________ is considered an unclean part of the body, should not be pointed towards another person.
3. In Europe, there are many different types of greetings, _____________ cheek kissing is just one example, and it is important to know which one to use.
4. When we travel, we should pay attention to situations _________ there might be unwritten rules, such as gift giving.
5. My sister, _________ works in Japan, finds it odd that she has to do exercise at the start of her working day.
where
which
of which
where /
in which
who
B3 What other taboos do you know about Give examples using relative clauses. Use the examples below to help you.
In China, people usually avoid the number 4, because its pronunciation is similar to that of a Chinese word which means “to die”.
Aunt Mary, who lives in India, told me that shaking hands or giving someone something with the left hand is a taboo there.
1.In Japan, bathroom slippers, which are considered dirty, should always remain in the bathroom only and not be worn in any other room of the house.
2.In Vietnam, people who touch someone’s head or shoulders or pass items over someone’s head are probably not familiar with Vietnamese customs.
3.In Brazil where purple is usually worn to a funeral or to mourn the loss of a loved one, most people avoid wearing purple because it is believed to be disrespectful and unlucky.
Samples
Homework
Polish your sentences after class and exchange your sentences with other classmates.
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