資源簡介

(共30張PPT)
Unit 5 The Value of Money
Read the sentences below and think about:
What are the functions and meanings of these modal verbs
a polite request
May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are
intention
If you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
You can't open it until two o'clock.
a permission
a polite request
Could you offer me work here
Lead-in
常見情態動詞、其縮略形式
情態動詞 否定縮略形式
can
could couldn't
may mayn’t
might mightn’t
shall
should shouldn’t
ought to oughtn’t to
情態動詞 否定縮略形式
had better
must mustn’t
have to
will
would wouldn’t
dare daren’t
need needn’t
can't
shan't
had better not
won't
How many modal verbs do you know
don’t/doesn’t have to
Lead-in
Learning aims
1. To review the meanings and functions of some modal verbs;
2. To summarize the meanings of the two forms of past future tense;
3. To express modality and talk about future events
Learning aims
Grammar --modal verbs
一、定義：情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，但要與動詞原形一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態色彩，表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態度和看法，認為其可能、應該或必要等。
1. The characteristics of modal verbs
Modals are special verbs that behave irregularly in English.
①They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..."
②They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.
1. The characteristics of modal verbs
A. They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
沒有人稱、數及時態的變化
They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
后加動詞原形
They are used to indicate modality and allow speakers to express adding meanings.
表達情感和態度
2. List of modal verbs （9）
M
M
M
W
W
C
C
S
S
ust
ay
ight
ill
ould
an
ould
hall
hould
dare/need not/ought to/have to/
you’d better
3. Usage of modal verbs
Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:
許可
能力
義務；責任
禁令
不必要
建議
可能性
概率
Permission
Ability
Obligation
Prohibition
Lack of necessity
Advice
possibility
probability
4. 相當于情態動詞的:
1.只作情態動詞的：
2. 可情態可實義的：
3. 可情態可助動詞的:
三、情態動詞的分類
can/could, may/might, ought to, must
need, dare/dared
shall/should, will/would
have to, used to
情態動詞的用法
can & could
(1) 表能力，“能，會”
She can speak English.
She could play the piano at the age of three.
be able to能用于各種時態；can/could只能表示現在或過去的能力。was/were able to“設法做成某事”相當于managed to do sth// succeeded in doing sth
All the people trapped in the burning house were able to get out of it.
(2) 表請求和許可，“可以”，could比can更加委婉，表示禮貌
Can I smoke here
—Could I use your computer
—Yes, you can.
(3) can表客觀可能性，“有時候會”，用于肯定句
A wise man can sometimes make a mistake.
(4) can表推測，用于疑問句、否定句。肯定句用must
Can the news be true
He can’t be at home because I saw him here just now.
can/could與be able to的區別
1. The man can/could speak two foreign languages.
2. Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
can/could表示_________________，而be able to通常表示通過努力達成的_____________; can/could 主要是一般現在、一般過去時, 而be able to有較為豐富的時態變化。
習慣性具備的能力
一次性的能力
Explanation
may & might
1. 表示請求或允許，譯為“可以”。might語氣較委婉 (但并非表示過去)。
I wonder if I might ask you a favor
You may tell him this.
2. 表示推測, 譯為“可能”。might比may所表示的可能性更小。
That may/might not be true.
3. may/might well (很可能); may/might as well (不妨，還是...為好);
You may well be right. 你很可能是對的。
It’s freezing cold outside. We may as well stay at home.
4. may放在句首，表示祝愿。 May God bless you!
Explanation
1. 表示說話人的猜測，意為“或許；可能”。might表示的可能性比may小。
You’d better take an umbrella. It may/might rain.
2. 用來提出問題，問可不可以。用might時語氣更委婉。
Might/May we use your typewriter for a little while
3. 表示“可以”。作此用法時，might是may的過去式。
You may come if you wish.
The boy asked his mother if he might go to play basketball.
二、may/might
三、will/would
1. 表示習慣性動作。will指現在，would指過去。
Fish will die without water.
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
2. 表示請求、建議等。用would比用will委婉、客氣。
Will/Would you please pass me that book
【拓展】
表示意愿或意志。will表現在，would表過去。
I will help you if you need me.
He said he would help you if you needed him.
情態動詞的用法
can & could
(1) 表能力，“能，會”
She can speak English.
She could play the piano at the age of three.
be able to能用于各種時態；can/could只能表示現在或過去的能力。was/were able to“設法做成某事”相當于managed to do sth// succeeded in doing sth
All the people trapped in the burning house were able to get out of it.
(2) 表請求和許可，“可以”，could比can更加委婉，表示禮貌
Can I smoke here
—Could I use your computer
—Yes, you can.
(3) can表客觀可能性，“有時候會”，用于肯定句
A wise man can sometimes make a mistake.
(4) can表推測，用于疑問句、否定句。肯定句用must
Can the news be true
He can’t be at home because I saw him here just now.
can/could與be able to的區別
1. The man can/could speak two foreign languages.
2. Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
can/could表示_________________，而be able to通常表示通過努力達成的_____________; can/could 主要是一般現在、一般過去時, 而be able to有較為豐富的時態變化。
習慣性具備的能力
一次性的能力
Explanation
may & might
1. 表示請求或允許，譯為“可以”。might語氣較委婉 (但并非表示過去)。
I wonder if I might ask you a favor
You may tell him this.
2. 表示推測, 譯為“可能”。might比may所表示的可能性更小。
That may/might not be true.
3. may/might well (很可能); may/might as well (不妨，還是...為好);
You may well be right. 你很可能是對的。
It’s freezing cold outside. We may as well stay at home.
4. may放在句首，表示祝愿。 May God bless you!
Explanation
四、shall/should
◆ shall
1. 用于第一人稱疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見或向對方請示。
This room is so dirty. Shall we clean it
2. 用于第二、三人稱，表示法律等條文中的規定或說話人的決心，給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
◆ should
1. 用于第一人稱疑問句詢問對方的意愿，但語氣更委婉溫和。
Should I open the window
2. 表示勸告、建議、命令、責任或義務。
No matter who you are, you should observe the law.
3. 表示推測或可能性。
You should be hungry after the long walk.
【拓展】 should還可表示意外、驚訝等，意為“竟會，竟然會”。
It is surprising that he should have made such a foolish mistake.
1. must表示義務、必要性、命令，意為“必須”。否定式mustn’t表示“不準；禁止”。
We must do everything step by step.
2. must表示推測，意為“想必；準是；一定”，只用于肯定句，否定句用can’t。
1) After such a long walk, you must be tired.
2) — My house is near a busy street.
— It can’t be very quiet.
【拓展】 表示與說話人愿望相反、不耐煩的感彩，可譯為“一定要；偏偏；非得”。
If you must know, her name is Mary.
五、must/can’t
六、have to的用法
have to表示“不得不，必須”，有人稱、時態和數的變化。否定式為don’t have to。
1) There are so many mistakes in his article that he has to rewrite it.
2) You don’t have to buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
【比較】must和have to
表示“不得不、必須”時，have to與must意思
上很接近。但must常表示說話人的主觀看法；而have to一般強調客觀需要。
1) I’m very tired. I must sit down and have a rest.
2) I have to hurry up now. I have a train to catch.
情態動詞+ have done: 對過去的猜測
本可以
不可能
You _______________ (have) a better grade if you made full preparation for the exam.
I saw him just now, so he ___________________ (go) abroad.
could have had
couldn’t been gone
couldn’t have done
should have done
本該做某事（而實際上未做）
shouldn’t have done
本不該做某事（而實際上做了）
你本該尋求幫助的。
You should have asked for some help.
你本不該告訴她這個消息的。
You shouldn’t have told her the news.
could have done
Explanation
must have done
一定做了
can’t have done
肯定沒做
I didn’t hear the phone. I _______________________
( 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。)
must have been asleep
She ___________________, for her bike is still here.
( 她肯定沒離開學校，因為她的自行車還在這里。)
can’t have left school
Explanation
5. Attention!!!情態動詞 + have done
may/might have done
可能做過某事
must have done
一定做過某事
could have done
可能做過某事；本可以做某事（實際上沒有做某事）
needn’t have done
本不需要做某事（實際上做了某事）
ought to have done = should have done
本應做某事（實際上沒有做某事）
Would表示過去反復、習慣發生的動作或某種傾向
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may must can ought to might had better would should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation _____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ______ you do First, and most importantly, you _____stay calm. Fear ____ cause you to become confused. You need to think clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate.
may
should
must
can
Presentation
would
Presentation
They ________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you ______ do well to check with some local charities. They ______offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you _________avoid getting into trouble. You ______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught ______ ruin your life.
Presentation
ought to
would
might
had better
would
Presentation
might
Practice
3. Complete the following sentences that describe the future using either form of the given verbs.
1. Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He __________
___________________ (watch) with his girlfriend on the weekend.
2. I was so surprised at the news that David ___________________________
(play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
3. Lily decided that she ____________________________ (settle) in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.
4. Hey, Timmy. I ________________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I
don’t have to.
5. The competition was so close that no one was sure who ___________ (win) the Best Actor award.
6. Jim is not here right now. He said he ________________________ (be) on
duty at the library this afternoon.
would watch
/ was going to watch
would play /
was going to watch
would settle / was going to settle
was going to call
would win
would be /
was going to be
Homework
1. Review what we have learned today.
2. Do the excercise of part 3 & 4 on page 54.

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