資源簡介

(共83張PPT)
第1講　提示詞為動詞
語法熱點一　謂語動詞
語法熱點二　非謂語動詞
目 錄 索 引
01
02
語法熱點三　動詞的詞性轉換
03
專題概覽
考情表解
年份 卷別 體裁 主題 考點設置 有提示詞類 無提示詞類 主題 語境 主題語境內容 動詞(謂語和非謂語) 詞性轉換 名詞的單復數 形容詞/副詞的比較/最高等級 代詞 三大從句和并列連詞 冠詞 介詞 代詞/
數詞
2024 新課標 Ⅰ卷 說明文 人與 社會 英國“絲綢之路”花園的整體設計以及玻璃溫室 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
新課標 Ⅱ卷 新聞 報道 人與 社會 當“莎士比亞”遇上“湯顯祖” 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全國 甲卷 說明文 人與 社會 美國國家公園系統的起源和黃石國家公園的建立 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0
年份 卷別 體裁 主題 考點設置 有提示詞類 無提示詞類 主題 語境 主題語境內容 動詞 (謂語和非謂語) 詞性轉換 名詞的單復數 形容詞/副詞的比較/最高等級 代詞 三大從句和并列連詞 冠詞 介詞 代詞/
數詞
2023 新課標 Ⅰ卷 說明文 人與 社會 小籠包 4 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
新課標 Ⅱ卷 記敘文 人與 社會 教熊貓飼養員學英語 1 4 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
全國 乙卷 說明文 人與 自然 北京的古老建筑和現代化發展 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全國 甲卷 說明文 人與 社會 寓言 4 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 1
年份 卷別 體裁 主題 考點設置 有提示詞類 無提示詞類 主題 語境 主題語境內容 動詞 (謂語和非謂語) 詞性轉換 名詞的單復數 形容詞/副詞的比較/最高等級 代詞 三大從句和并列連詞 冠詞 介詞 代詞/
數詞
2022 新高考 Ⅰ卷 說明文 人與 自然 籌建大熊貓國家公園 4 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
新高考 Ⅱ卷 記敘文 人與 社會 救援 4 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
全國 乙卷 說明文 人與 社會 慶祝首個國際茶日 4 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
全國 甲卷 記敘文 人與 自然 古絲綢之路之行 4 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
3年統計 41 20 7 3 2 17 7 11 2
命題趨勢
1.選材特點:體裁以說明文和記敘文為主,200詞左右。選材多體現“中國元素”。
2.考查形式:設10個空,7個題是有提示詞類(填括號內單詞的正確形式),3個題是無提示詞類(空白處填入1個適當的單詞)。
3.考查項目:有提示詞類填空的考查點有謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞等。無提示詞類的考查點主要是介詞、冠詞與連詞等。
板塊一　有提示詞類
動詞是歷年高考的必考點。動詞的形式變化比較多,有謂語形式的變化(如時態、語態、主謂一致及虛擬語氣)、非謂語形式的變化(如動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞)和詞形轉換。
語法熱點一　謂語動詞
謂語動詞指的是在句子中可以單獨作謂語的動詞,主要包括實義動詞和動詞短語。一個簡單句有且只能有一個謂語動詞。若是由多個簡單句組成的并列句或復合句,則有幾個簡單句就應有幾個謂語動詞。謂語動詞的形式變化主要包括時態、語態和主謂一致。
技法1 如何判定是否作謂語動詞
技法點撥
第一步　確定謂語動詞
分析句子結構來判斷該句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句。若是簡單句,主語后面的就是謂語動詞;若是并列句,前后兩個句子都要有自己的謂語動詞;若是復合句,主句和從句都要有自己的謂語動詞。
第二步　確定謂語動詞的形式
1.根據語境、并列謂語、時間標志詞等確定用哪種時態;
2.根據主語與謂語之間是主動關系還是被動關系確定語態;
3.根據主語的單復數確定謂語動詞的數,做到主謂一致。
典型例題
(2024新課標Ⅱ卷)
Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.inspired(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,61.　　　　　　　　(build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
was built
解題流程
第一步　確定是否填謂語動詞
該句為簡單句,a six-meter-tall pavilion為主語,故該空應該為主句的謂語動詞。
第二步　考慮時態、語態和主謂一致
1.根據Two years later可知本句時態為一般過去時;
2.build與主語a six-meter-tall pavilion之間是動賓關系,用被動語態;
3.主語為“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,單數,所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
技法2 如何判定謂語動詞的時態
技法點撥
1.識別時間狀語
(1)一般現在時常有always,often,sometimes,usually,occasionally,every time, now and then等;
(2)一般過去時常有yesterday,last year,in 2021,the other day,two days ago,“一段時間+later”等;
(3)一般將來時常有tomorrow,next year,in a week,in the future,soon等;
(4)現在進行時常有now,at this moment,at present,always,constantly等;
(5)現在完成時常有recently,lately,already,in the last/past few days,so far,up to now,till now,“for+時間段”等;
(6)過去完成時常有by then,by the end of...,by that time等。
典型例題
1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets
　 　(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份).
2.(2024河北部分示范性高中三模)He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Meta.The one-day event (attract) just 1,700 votes in 2014.
have started
attracted
3.(2024河北適應性考試)The Taizhou outlet of Dayin Bookmall,a famous bookstore chain from Shanghai, (open) last year on the street in a traditional Chinese-style building with cutting-edge designs.
4.(2022全國甲卷)In the last five years,Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa’s highest mountain.
opened
has walked
技法點撥
2.依據固定句式
(1)Sb was/were doing sth when sb did...;
(2)Sb had (just) done sth when sb did...;
(3)This/That/It is the+序數詞+time+that+現在完成時;
(4)This/That/It was the+序數詞+time+that+過去完成時;
(5)祈使句+and/or+陳述句,陳述句用一般將來時;
(6)It’s (high) time that sb did/should do sth;
(7)It is/has been+時間段+since+一般過去時。
典型例題
5.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
6.(2021浙江6月卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
7.It is high time that we 　　　 　　(devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
8.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
was fixing
has proved/has proven
devoted/should devote
was working
技法點撥
3.利用并列關系
(1)并列連詞and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等;
(2)同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語,謂語動詞時態要一致。
典型例題
9.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(傳奇的) artist,they smiled and (point) down the river.
pointed
技法點撥
4.理解語境暗示
在時間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下,可以通過正確理解語境,即通過題干中的“語境暗示”解題。
典型例題
10.(2024全國甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
were
解析
1.考查動詞的時態。根據Over the last two years可知,此處應用現在完成時。動詞start意為“開始”。故填have started。
2.考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知,設空處在句中作謂語;根據時間狀語in 2014可知,謂語動詞應用過去式。故填attracted。
3.根據時間狀語last year可知,此處為一般過去時。故填opened。
4.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據空前的時間狀語In the last five years可知,此處要用現在完成時;主語Cao為第三人稱單數,謂語動詞應用單數形式。
5.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。固定句式be doing...when...意為“正在做……這時突然……”。根據下文的when he heard the screams可知,設空處用過去進行時;主語為Henry,謂語應用第三人稱單數。故填was fixing。
6.考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知,設空處作謂語,時間狀語從句since it opened to the public暗示這里應用現在完成時。故填has proved/has proven。
7.在It is(high) time that...句型中,從句謂語動詞應用did/should do。故填devoted/should devote。
8.考查動詞的時態。根據空后的when引導的時間狀語從句可知,此處應用過去進行時。
9.考查動詞的時態。and連接兩個并列謂語動詞,前后時態應一致。
10.考查動詞的時態。根據本句后面had spent得知,這里描述的是過去的情況,主語是They,謂語動詞用復數形式,因此填were。
技法3 如何確定謂語動詞的語態
技法點撥
1.分析主語和謂語的邏輯關系
分析句子結構,發現提示詞作謂語,若與主語之間是主動關系,應考慮用主動語態;若是被動關系,則考慮用被動語態。
典型例題
1.(2024全國甲卷)What should ___________(do) with such a beautiful place
be done
技法點撥
2.牢記幾種被動語態結構:
(1)不同時態的被動語態的結構
一般現在時:am/is/are done
一般過去時:was/were done
一般將來時:will/shall be done
過去將來時:would be done
現在進行時:am/is/are being done
過去進行時:was/were being done
現在完成時:have/has been done
過去完成時:had been done
(2)帶有情態動詞的被動語態的基本形式:情態動詞+be done。
運用以上技法來判斷是什么時態的被動語態,再根據主謂一致判斷be動詞的形式。
典型例題
2.(2024浙江1月卷)However,though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes _____________(offer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes _______________(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
4.(2023全國甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
be offered
were permitted
be employed
技法點撥
3.理解主動形式表示被動含義
當sell、read、draw、wash、write、open、wear、run、burn等動詞后有狀語(well、easily等)修飾,用來表示主語內在的品質或性能時,用主動形式表示被動含義。
典型例題
5.The pink dress she wants to buy her daughter as her birthday present online _____________(wash) easily.
6.—Do you like the flower
—Yes,it _____________(smell) very sweet.
washes
smells
解析
1.考查動詞的語態。本句主語what和動詞do之間是動賓關系,所以用被動語態be done。
2.考查動詞的語態。動詞offer意為“提供”,和主語構成被動關系,主語they指代前文中的sausages。在情態動詞could后動詞應用原形。故填be offered。
3.考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據上文的In the Ming Dynasty可知,此處描述的是過去發生的事情,應用一般過去時;再根據句意“較高社會階層的人被允許居住在離同心圓的中心即紫禁城更近的地方”可知,這里應用被動語態。故填were permitted。
4.考查動詞的語態。分析句子結構可知,設空處是謂語。主語a simple literary form和動詞employ之間是被動關系,應用被動語態。故填be employed。
5.考查動詞的語態。分析句子結構可知,設空處作謂語,且表示的是主語所具有的特征,應考慮用主動形式表示被動意義。故填washes。
6.考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。由問句“Do you like the flower ”可知,用一般現在時,smell在此強調主語的前后“聞起來很甜”,故用主動形式表被動意義,主語為it,故用smells。
技法4 確定主謂一致三原則
解題“三原則”
原則1:語法一致
(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出現(不可分割的整體)時,謂語動詞用單數形式;
(2)非謂語動詞、從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;
(3)集體名詞看作整體時,謂語動詞用單數形式;看作個體時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
典型例題
1.(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
2.(2024新課標Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
walks
were
解題“三原則”
原則2:就近一致
(1)由neither...nor...、either...or...、not only...but also...、not...but...等連接并列主語時,謂語動詞的數要和位置最近的主語保持一致;
(2)由there、here存現句中,主語不止一個時,謂語動詞的數通常和鄰近的主語保持一致。
典型例題
3.(2024廣東省聯考)On that day,there _________(be) lots of conventional celebration activities.
4.At present neither my wife nor I myself _________(be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
are
am
解題“三原則”
原則3:就遠一致
主語后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引導的短語時,謂語動詞的數要與前面的主語保持一致。
典型例題
5.(2024河南信陽二檢)Four classical plays,including The Peony Pavilion, ____________________(update) and restored in the past few years.
6.The musician along with his band members _________________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
have been updated
has given
解析
1.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。填空處在句中作謂語。根據后面的句子中的謂語可知,此處用一般現在時。句子主語是the Silk Route Garden,是單數形式,所以謂語用第三人稱單數。故填walks。
2.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知,空處作句子謂語,主語為“Some of the things”,是復數概念,且根據上下文語境可知,空處應用一般過去時。故填were。
3.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。there be句型中謂語動詞的單復數一般采用“就近一致”原則,即與后面的名詞保持人稱和數的一致,后面的中心詞是activities,應用復數形式,描述一般事實用一般現在時。故填are。
4.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據句中的時間狀語At present可知,應用一般現在時;neither...nor...連接并列主語時,謂語動詞的數由nor后面的主語(I)來決定,故填am。
5.考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語in the past few years可知,應用現在完成時;分析句子結構可知,句子主語Four classical plays 為復數名詞,且和update之間為被動關系。故填have been updated。
6.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據in the last three months可知,應用現在完成時;A along with B作主語時,謂語動詞的數由A決定。故填has given。
語法熱點二　非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞指的是在句子中不能單獨作謂語的動詞,它沒有人稱和數的變化,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(含現在分詞與過去分詞)。非謂語動詞具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,在句中可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等。
技法1 如何確定是否作非謂語動詞
技法點撥 典型例題
第一步:確定是否為非謂語
若句中已有謂語動詞,又不是作并列謂語時,則要考慮填非謂語動詞。
第二步:確定填何種非謂語形式
(1)提示詞與邏輯主語是主謂關系時常用動詞-ing形式;
(2)提示詞與邏輯主語是動賓關系時常用動詞-ed形式;
(3)提示詞在句中作目的狀語和意料之外的結果時常用動詞不定式。 　
典型例題
(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days 　　　　　　(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解題流程
第一步:提示詞是動詞,句中已有謂語動詞open,所以此處應考慮填非謂語動詞。
第二步:此處表示目的,用動詞不定式。
to give
技法2 線索暗示法
技法點撥
線索詞 具體用法
介詞 介詞后常接動名詞作賓語,即“介詞+doing”
并列連詞 并列連詞and, but, or等前后的非謂語動詞應保持一致
典型例題
1.(2021全國甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2.(2020新高考Ⅱ卷)These days,it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders (begin) computer classes.
解析
1.考查非謂語動詞。注意題干中的After,其后接動詞作賓語。故填spending。
2.結合句中的線索詞“or”可知,動詞形式與or前面的to publish是并列關系,應用動詞不定式。故填to begin。
spending
to begin
技法3 固定搭配法
技法點撥
項目 常見動詞或結構
接動名詞作賓語 enjoy,avoid,admit,mind,practise,keep,imagine,involve,suggest,
consider等
接不定式作賓語 tend,want,agree,plan,afford,desire,happen,hope,ask,manage,
determine,aim等
接動名詞或不定式作賓語(意義不同) stop,remember,regret,need,try,mean等
項目 常見動詞或結構
接現在分詞作賓語補足語 imagine,see,hear,watch,keep等
接不定式作賓語補足語 ask,inspire,expect,force,dream,allow,urge等
其他常用搭配 spend time (in) doing sth
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
take...to do sth
it is+adj.+to do sth
be to do sth
典型例題
1.(2024全國甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend _________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
2.(2024新課標Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _________(find) the connection between the two great writers.
3.(2024九省聯考)He knows that computers are here _________(stay) and that they will not disappear.
to catch
to find
to stay
4.(2023全國乙卷)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years
___________(record) everything I discovered.
5.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans _____________(continue) the practice.
6.(2021全國乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(遠足) and accommodations aim _________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7.(2024山東師范大學附中考前打靶)For teenagers,some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects;some are working on a social studies project which involves _____________(construct) a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.
recording
to continue
to have
constructing
解析
1.考查非謂語動詞。tend to do sth容易做某事。故填to catch。
2.考查非謂語動詞。be amazed to do sth為固定搭配,意為“對做某事感到驚訝”。故填to find。
3.根據空前的be動詞are可知,空格處應填不定式作表語,be to do為固定搭配,表示“必定會”,是對未來的一種推測。故填to stay。
4.考查非謂語動詞。此處為spend some time (in) doing sth結構,故填recording。
5.考查非謂語動詞。plan to do sth意為“計劃做某事”,為固定搭配。
6.考查非謂語動詞。aim to do sth旨在做某事,故填to have。
7.考查非謂語動詞。這里表示有些人正在從事社會研究項目,其中包括構建一個家譜,研究活在19世紀的親屬。involve doing sth意為“包括做某事”。
技法4 成分分析法
技法點撥
1.非謂語動詞的“句法功能”
項目 句法功能
動名詞 主語、賓語、表語、定語
現在分詞 定語、表語、狀語、補語
過去分詞 定語、表語、狀語、補語
動詞不定式 主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語
2.非謂語動詞的“意義區別”
功能 項目 意義和用法
主/賓/表語 動名詞 抽象性、經常性動作;已知的事或經驗
不定式 具體性、一次性動作;未完的事或目的
表語 現在分詞 多表示主語的特征
過去分詞 主要是表示主語的狀態,而被動語態則表示動作
定語 動名詞 被修飾詞的作用或用途
現在分詞 正在發生、主動的動作
過去分詞 被動、完成的動作
動詞不定式 一般式表示未發生的或經常性的動作;完成式表示已發生的動作
功能 項目 意義和用法
狀語 現在分詞 與主語是主謂關系,一般式表示與謂語動作同時發生;完成式表示先于謂語動作發生
過去分詞 與主語是動賓關系,先于謂語動作發生
動詞不定式 主動式表示與主語是主謂關系;被動式表示與主語是動賓關系。一般式表示在謂語動作后發生;完成式表示在謂語動作前發生
功能 項目 意義和用法
補語 現在分詞 主動、進行的動作
過去分詞 被動、完成的動作
動詞不定式 未來的或全過程的動作
典型例題
1.(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ___________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.(2024新課標Ⅱ卷)___________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
3.(2024浙江1月卷)However,if you’re shopping for one,buying extra ___________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
to give
Recalling
to benefit
4.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ___________(design) with two halves containing separate portions(份).
5.(2023全國甲卷)Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message ___________(intend) for everyone.
6.(2023全國甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言) ___________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century B.C.
7.(2023新課標Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left ___________(want) more next time.
designed
intended
to teach
wanting
8.(2022全國甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step ___________(journey) the Belt and Road route(路線) by foot.
9.(2024寧波“十校”聯考)An old wooden stove,___________(bear) rich vivid images,took center stage at a village Spring Festival gala in Jiaxing,Zhejiang Province,in early February.
10.(2024山東濰坊四縣模擬)In addition to appreciating the wisdom ___________(hide) in those historical volumes,she focuses on how they were bound(裝訂) and presented.
to journey
bearing
hidden
11.(2024遼寧重點高中二模)Every day,he walks back and forth the entire 5.7-kilometer stretch,from Jinshanling in the north to Gubeikou in the west ___________(ensure) no one wanders off the special path and into the undeveloped sections of Simatai.
12.(2024浙江溫州模擬)“That’s true.The ‘Chinglish’ expression ‘add oil’ has made it into the world’s most authoritative Oxford English Dictionary(OED),” Professor Tseng said on his online personal blog,___________(provide) a screenshot of the OED’s explanation of the phrase.
to ensure
providing
13.(2023河北高三年級適應性考試)___________(locate) downtown,the 1-kilometer-long Jiazhi ancient street is lined up with more than 30 old buildings.
14.In ancient China,the currency consisted mainly of precious metals,such as gold,silver and copper,so ___________(carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
Located
carrying
解析
1.考查非謂語動詞。本句中已出現了謂語動詞open,因此應用give的非謂語動詞形式。由句意可知,此處應填不定式作目的狀語,故填to give。
2.考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,空處作狀語,Edmondson和recall之間為主動關系,應用其現在分詞形式作狀語。故填Recalling。
3.考查非謂語動詞。根據“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此處是指多買來享受降價,所以應用to do不定式作目的狀語。故填to benefit。
4.考查非謂語動詞。動詞design意為“設計”,和謂語之間沒有連詞,和邏輯主語構成被動關系,且動作已完成,所以應用過去分詞形式作后置定語。故填designed。
5.考查非謂語動詞。be intended for是固定表達,意為“為……設計/安排等”。這里用過去分詞作后置定語也可以看作一個形容詞。
6.考查非謂語動詞。此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語,故填to teach。
7.考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處為leave sb doing sth結構,表示“使某人做某事”。
8.考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知,這里journey用作動詞,應用動詞不定式作后置定語。
9.考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知,這里bear表示“帶有”,用動詞-ing形式作后置定語。
10.考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知,這里表示“被隱藏的智慧”,因此用過去分詞作后置定語。
11.考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處應用非謂語動詞形式;再結合句意可知,此處表目的,應用動詞不定式。
12.考查非謂語動詞。這里逗號前面是句子的主體,后面的部分表示一種伴隨情況或補充說明,由于provide和其邏輯主語Professor Tseng之間是主動關系,因此用動詞-ing形式作狀語。
13.考查非謂語動詞。be located in/on...是固定表達,這里用過去分詞置于句首作狀語。
14.考查非謂語動詞。攜帶大量的現金是經常性行為,故用動名詞作主語。
語法熱點三　動詞的詞性轉換
如果所給動詞既不作謂語,也不作非謂語,則一般應進行詞性轉換。
技巧點撥
1.動詞轉換為名詞
(1)v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion轉換為名詞,表示“狀態或行為”
celebrate→celebration 慶祝
compete→competition 比賽
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 擁有
(2)v.+-ment轉換為名詞,表示“行為或結果”
develop→development 發展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 爭論;論據
encourage→encouragement 鼓勵
(3)v.+-r/-er/-or轉換為名詞,表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 導演
visit→visitor 訪問者
(4)v.+-ure轉換為名詞
fail→failure　 mix→mixture
press→pressure　 depart→departure
(5)后綴-th結尾的名詞
grow→growth　 die→death　 deep→depth
wide→width　 warm→warmth　 true→truth
(6)后綴-ance/-ence結尾的名詞
exist→existence　 guide→guidance
(7)后綴-al結尾的名詞
arrive→arrival　 approve→approval　 survive→survival
典型例題
1.(2024全國甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承諾) to promote the idea at the ____________(complete) of their journey.
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____________(criticize) that they lead to waste.
3.(2024九省聯考)He is happy with the _____________(improve) he sees in his students’ writing and in his own writing.
4.(2023全國甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty ____________(warn) about environmental destruction.
completion
criticism
improvement
warning
5.(2024江蘇無錫模擬)The Mogao Grottoes in northwest China are the greatest Buddhist caves,and the second oldest after the Qiuci Grottoes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region still in ____________(exist) in the country today.
6.(2024湖北武漢模擬)In 2019,the Chinese government had made a ____________(commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020.
existence
commitment
7.(2024湖南名校聯盟壓軸卷)“We have tried to make something that restores the villagers’ pride in their local identity,as well as creating a local economic network,” says Xu Tiantian,____________(found) of DNA.
8.(2024湖北黃岡中學二模)“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together.Such ____________(wise) was unique to China,” Lu Qiuxia,an expert on ancient Chinese art,told the Global Times on Wednesday.
founder
wisdom
技巧點撥
2.動詞轉換為形容詞
(1)v.+-able轉換為形容詞
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能適應的
adjust→adjustable 可調節的
afford→affordable 負擔得起的
(2)v.+-ed/-ing轉換為形容詞
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
excite→exciting 令人激動的
(3)v.+-ive轉換為形容詞
impress→impressive 給人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意義的
(4)v.+-ful/-less轉換為形容詞
doubt→doubtful 懷疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
典型例題
9.(2023新課標Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,___________(taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
10.(2024陜西寶雞模考十二)Yang Zhenning,a __________________(respect) Nobel Prize-winning physicist,became the first Chinese-American scientist to return to China after the US just lifted the ban on visiting to China in 1971.
11.(2024臺州市質量評估二)With a history of more than 2,000 years,the Silk Route dates back to the Han Dynasty.Through this route,the Chinese highly ____________(qualify) silk made its fame to the western countries.
tasty
respected/respectable
qualified
解析
1.考查詞性轉換。句意:在他們的旅程結束時,他們都同意并發誓要宣傳這個想法。at the completion of...是一個固定搭配,表示“在……結束時”。
2.考查詞性轉換。句意:許多超市不再進行“買一送一”的促銷活動,因為有人批評這種活動會造成浪費。根據“that they lead to waste”可知,此處應用名詞criticism表示“批評”作賓語。故填criticism。
3.考查詞性轉換。句意:他很高興看到他的學生和他自己的書寫都有了改善。根據空格前的冠詞the可知,空格處應填名詞作介詞with的賓語,表示“改善”是improvement,為不可數名詞。故填improvement。
4.考查詞性轉換。分析句子結構可知,設空前有冠詞和形容詞修飾,設空處應用名詞warning。
5.考查詞性轉換。本空前面是介詞in,因此這里應用名詞作其賓語。
6.考查詞性轉換。分析句子結構可知,設空處為名詞形式,不定冠詞a表明用單數,故填commitment。
7.考查詞性轉換。此處表示DNA的“創立者”,應用名詞founder。
8.考查詞性轉換。分析句子結構可知,設空處應用名詞作主語,故填wisdom。
9.考查詞性轉換。設空處與前面的形容詞hot并列,修飾后面的名詞soup,故填形容詞tasty。
10.考查詞性轉換。根據語境可知,設空處作定語修飾名詞詞組Nobel Prize-winning physicist,應用形容詞作定語。故填respected/respectable。
11.考查詞性轉換。此處應用形容詞作定語,修飾名詞silk,highly qualified意為“高質量的”,故填qualified。
課堂應用
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Evan is a wildlife photographer.Once,two tigers 　　　　 (run) past him, stopped a meter away from his truck and began to fight.
2.The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK ___________
(collect) more than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now.
3.　　　　　　　　　(prevent) crops from drying out,a large amount of water has been drawn down from the reservoir.
4.Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before.And yet the truth is that children must 　　　　　　　(give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their 　 　　　　　(develop).
ran
have collected
To prevent
be given
development
5.As much as artistic appreciation,physical fitness and recreation,calligraphy
　　　　　　　(become) a part of life among many Chinese people. Therefore,another golden age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.
6.　　　　　　　(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
7.Doupas often gets 　　 　　(lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture.
Meanwhile,he is also amazed by the modern city 　　　　　　(combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
is becoming
Understanding
lost
combining
8.Many hiring managers will form their first impression of you 　　　　(base) on what you’re wearing.The right interview clothing 　　　　　　　(depend) on the company you are applying for and the culture of the
　　 　(organize).
9.His skills were not as strong as he 　　　　　　　(imagine),and he had little awareness of teamwork.
10.Demonstrating creativity,such as the way to do a precise bicycle kick in the water,he became an online celebrity,with some fans even 　　　　　　(say) that he was “better than professional players”.
based
depends
organization
had imagined
saying
Ⅱ.語篇填空
A
(2024安徽滁州二模)
Language is naturally acquired when children are able to use it pleasurably,and language acquisition by children 1.　　　　　　(them) saves both time and labor,said English-language education expert Chen Yaping.
Based 2.　　　　　　 observation and study,the professor at the School of English and International Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University and director of its Child Language Research Centre,said Chinese children
3.　　　　　(common) lack access to genuine English dialogues for learning and using 4. 　　　　　 language.
themselves
on
commonly
the
Chen 5.　　　　　　(suggest) that children make use of dialogues that meet actual daily needs and read 6.　　　　　　(grade) materials or picture books that match their cognitive(認知) level and interest and which are of practical use.
She said that reading is a shortcut to learning English in a foreign language environment,as quality reading materials introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in real-life 7.　　　 　　(conversation).
suggested
graded
conversations
“Children read because they love to read,not because they are told that reading is important for learning English.We should allow them
8.　　　　　　　(give) up reading a book halfway through and pick up another one 9. 　　　　　 they are more interested in,” said Chen.
She added that relieving anxiety,making children feel safe,and allowing them to experience a sense of 10.　　　　　　(achieve) are vital to learning English.
to give
that
achievement
答案與解析
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英語教育專家陳亞平提出的兒童英語學習方法,強調了讓孩子們享受學習英語的過程,并提出了利用符合實際需要和實用性的對話和閱讀材料來促進英語學習的方法。同時,她還強調了緩解焦慮、讓孩子們感到安全和成就感對于英語學習的重要性。
1.themselves　考查代詞。此處表示“孩子們自己”,故使用反身代詞作賓語。故填themselves。
2.on　考查介詞。句中based on為固定短語,意為“以……為基礎”。故填on。
3.commonly　考查詞性轉換。設空處使用common的副詞作狀語,修飾動詞lack。故填commonly。
4.the　考查冠詞。句中language為可數名詞,此處表示特指,設空處使用定冠詞。故填the。
5.suggested　考查動詞時態。設空處作謂語,根據后文的she said以及句意可知,句子表述過去事實,故使用一般過去時。故填suggested。
6.graded　考查詞性轉換。設空處使用grade的形容詞graded作定語,修飾名詞materials,意為“分等級的”。故填graded。
7.conversations　考查名詞的數。設空處使用名詞作賓語,此處conversation為可數名詞,此處表示復數意義。故填conversations。
8.to give　考查非謂語動詞。allow sb to do sth“允許某人去做某事”,故填to give。
9.that　考查定語從句。設空處引導的是定語從句,引導詞在從句中作賓語修飾先行詞one。此處先行詞one被不定代詞another修飾,故填that。
10.achievement　考查詞性轉換。設空處使用名詞作賓語,故填achievement。
B
(2024廣東揭陽二模)
The Internet is one of the 1.　　　　　　(great) creations and provides people with instant access 2. 　　　　　　 an endless supply of knowledge and entertainment.Using a search engine,you can ask almost any question
3. 　　　　　　 may confuse you,and find a web page with information about that question.There are also millions of videos on websites or social media,4.　　　　　　(explain) various topics.
In the past,it would take days and sometimes even months
5.　　　　　　(receive) a letter from someone else.Today,with the Internet,you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it
6.　　　　　　(deliver) in less than a minute.
greatest
to
that
explaining
to receive
delivered
However,the Internet is not without its 7. 　 　　　(disadvantage). Playing games on the Internet can become very addictive,which leads to much time being wasted.And constant connectivity means some people
8.　　　 　　(expect) to be available to work at any time of the day,even if they previously refused to.
Despite the drawbacks,the Internet has 9. 　　　　　　(undoubted) changed the way we live,work and communicate,and it’s here to stay.It’s up to us to use it wisely and make 10. 　　　　　　 most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.
disadvantages
are expected
undoubtedly
the
答案與解析
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。互聯網是最偉大的創造之一,它為人們提供了獲取無窮無盡的知識和娛樂的即時途徑,本文分析了互聯網的利弊。
1.greatest　考查形容詞的最高級。根據上文定冠詞以及句意“最偉大的”可知應填形容詞的最高級。故填greatest。
2.to　考查介詞。短語access to表示“獲取”。故填to。
3.that　考查定語從句。定語從句修飾先行詞question,且先行詞被any修飾時只能用that。故填that。
4.explaining　考查非謂語動詞。explain與videos構成主動關系,故用現在分詞作定語。故填explaining。
5.to receive　考查非謂語動詞。it takes/took some time to do sth,表示“做某事花費多少時間”。故填to receive。
6.delivered　考查非謂語動詞。此處deliver與it構成被動關系,故用過去分詞作賓語補足語。故填delivered。
7.disadvantages　考查名詞的數。根據后文可知缺點不止一個,應用復數形式。故填disadvantages。
8.are expected　考查動詞的時態和語態。此處為短語be expected to do sth表示“被期望做某事”,根據means可知為一般現在時,主語為some people,謂語用復數。故填are expected。
9.undoubtedly　考查副詞。修飾動詞changed應用副詞undoubtedly,故填undoubtedly。
10.the　考查冠詞。make the most of“充分利用”。故填the。

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