資源簡介

(共34張PPT)
第2講　提示詞為名詞、代詞、數詞和形容詞
類型1 提示詞為名詞
技法點撥
空前有these,several,many,various等表示復數含義的修飾詞,或空處作主語,謂語動詞是動詞原形或復數形式 名詞變復數
空處與所修飾的名詞之間構成所屬關系 名詞用所有格形式
空處在句中作表語,或作定語修飾名詞 名詞轉換成形容詞
空處在句中作謂語 名詞轉換成動詞
典型例題
1.(2024九省聯考)Now,most people reach for ____________(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens.
2.(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)The latest ①____________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ②____________(function) structure that is also beautiful.
3.(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western ____________(favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.
keyboards
engineering
functional
favourites
4.(2024全國甲卷)They are ____________(treasure) of American heritage(遺產).
5.(2023全國甲卷)____________(difference) from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
6.(2022全國甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _____________(meaning).
treasures
Different
meaningful
解析
1.考查名詞的數。句意:現在,大多數人拿起鍵盤的速度比拿起筆的速度還快。根據空格前的介詞for可知,空格處應填名詞作賓語,keyboard為可數名詞,前面沒有冠詞應用名詞的復數形式。故填keyboards。
2.①考查名詞。engineer作名詞,意思是“工程師”;作動詞,意思是“設計,建造”。engineering是名詞,意思是“工程;工程學”。此處用名詞修飾名詞,engineering techniques意思是“工程技術”。故填engineering。
②考查形容詞。此處用形容詞修飾后面的名詞structure,function作名詞,意思是“功能,作用”。functional意思是“功能的,職能的,實用的”。functional structure“功能建筑物”。故填functional。
3.考查名詞復數。favourite作形容詞,意思是“最喜歡的”,作名詞,意思是“最喜愛的人或物”。空前有形容詞modern Western修飾,且填空處作included的賓語,所以此處考查favourite作名詞的用法。such as后面列舉的多個事物,所以最喜愛的東西不止一個,用favourite的復數形式。故填favourites。
4.考查名詞復數。treasure作為“瑰寶”講是可數名詞,結合句意和上下文,這里指的是國家公園作為美國遺產的一部分,應使用復數形式treasures。句意:它們是美國遺產的瑰寶。
5.考查形容詞。be different from意為“與……不同”,是固定短語,此處作狀語,故填Different。
6.考查形容詞。此處為“make+賓語+賓語補足語(形容詞)”結構,故填meaningful。
[名師點津]
1.名詞轉換為形容詞的后綴
(1)n.+-able
honor→honorable 可敬的
(2)n.+-al
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
music→musical 音樂的;悅耳的
(3)n.+-ful
colour→colourful 顏色鮮艷的
meaning→meaningful 有意義的
(4)n.+-en:wood→wooden木質的
(5)n.+-y:wealth→wealthy富有的
2.名詞變復數的規則
變化規則 典型例詞
規則變化 一般在詞尾加-s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等結尾的單詞,則加-es。 trees,bikes,books,buses,
watches,boxes,bushes,
months
輔音字母+y結尾的單詞,變y為i再加-es;元音字母+y結尾的單詞,則直接加-s。 babies,families,boys,plays
以o結尾的單詞除了一人(hero)、兩菜(tomato,potato)加-es外,其余一般加-s。 radios,photos
以f或fe結尾的單詞,通常把f,fe變為v再加-es。 wives,knives,wolves
變化規則 典型例詞
特殊變化 man→men,woman→women;tooth→teeth,foot→feet;
child→children;mouse→mice
單復數同形 Chinese,Japanese,species,sheep,deer,fish
[注意] 1.除了上表中的情況以外,還有一些特殊變化的名詞,如:German→Germans;human→humans;stomach→stomachs;chief→chiefs;
belief→beliefs等。
2.兩個名詞組成的合成詞一般只變后一個名詞為復數,如 apple trees,factory workers等;但是和man,woman組成的合成詞兩個詞都要變復數,如women teachers,men doctors等。
3.名詞的所有格
(1)單數名詞和不以-s結尾的復數名詞通常在詞尾加’s;
(2)以-s或-es結尾的復數名詞,通常在詞尾加’。
類型2 提示詞為代詞
技巧點撥
提示詞為代詞,當句子缺少主語、定語、賓語或表語時,一般填代詞;確定填代詞之后,再看設空處所填代詞是否與前文提到的人或物有指代關系。
(1)分析句子結構,發現提示詞作主語時,應考慮人稱代詞主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。
(2)分析句子結構,發現提示詞作賓語時,應考慮人稱代詞賓格(me,us,him等)形式。
(3)分析句子結構,發現提示詞作定語時,應考慮形容詞性物主代詞(our,my,your等)。
(4)分析句子結構,發現提示詞作動詞或介詞的賓語,且和主語是同一人時,應考慮反身代詞(myself,yourself,itself等)。
典型例題
1.(2024九省聯考)However,he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus,to write faster,and they can feel proud of ____________(they).
2.(2024全國甲卷)This area,with ____________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
3.(2024遼寧縣級重點高中二模)Hikers at the Great Wall that have come across Zhou Wenjun consider ____________(they) lucky.
themselves
its
themselves
解析
1.考查代詞。句意:然而,他認為,用鋼筆練習可以幫助學生集中注意力,寫得更快,他們可以為自己感到自豪。根據空格前的介詞of可知,空格處應填代詞作賓語,根據句意“他們自己”應用themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查代詞。這里應用形容詞性物主代詞“its”作定語,修飾后面的名詞beauty。句意:這個地方,以其獨特而令人驚嘆的自然美景,必須被很好保護供全國人民欣賞。
3.考查代詞。根據句意可知,當賓語和主語所指相同時,賓語要用反身代詞。故填themselves。
類型3 提示詞為數詞
技巧點撥
提示詞常為基數詞,但是在句中常常考查序數詞形式,一般需要在該詞后面加后綴-th。易錯的序數詞有:first第一,second第二,third第三,fourth第四,fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,eleventh第十一,twelfth第十二等。
典型例題
(2023全國甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century,B.C.
解析
考查序數詞。句意:寓言是許多古代文化口述傳統的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世紀。century“世紀”前面要用序數詞形式。故填sixth。
sixth
類型4 提示詞為形容詞
技巧點撥
空處修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句 形容詞變為副詞
確定變比較級或最高級時,可利用以下3點判斷: ①等級判定看標志;②利用固定句型;③利用隱含信息判斷 變比較級或最高級
①被冠詞、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾時,要考慮名詞; ②作介詞或及物動詞的賓語時要考慮名詞 形容詞變為名詞
根據句意和前后邏輯關系,確定句意表否定時,添加否定前綴(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后綴(-less)變為反義詞 加詞綴變反義詞
典型例題
1.(2024九省聯考)Today,a writer ____________(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets a new one.
2.(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________(rich) of gardening in England.
3.(2024全國甲卷)Yellowstone was the ________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,which became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
simply
richness
largest
解析
1.考查副詞。句意:今天,一個作家只是把一支空筆扔掉,再買一支新的。空格處作狀語,修飾動詞throws,應用副詞形式。故填simply。
2.考查名詞。根據空前面的much of the以及空后面的of可知此處需要名詞,且是不可數名詞。rich的名詞是richness,意思是“豐富”。
3.考查形容詞的最高級。根據句意和句子結構可知,the后面跟形容詞的最高級形式largest。句意:黃石國家公園是美國最大的國家公園。
[名師點津]
形容詞變成副詞、比較級、最高級或名詞
項目 變化方法
變成副詞 1.一般在形容詞后直接加-ly;
2.以“y”結尾的,變y為i,再加-ly;
3.以e結尾時,若e前為元音字母,則要先去e再加-ly,如true→truly;若e前為輔音字母,直接加-ly,如:politely,widely等
比較級 一般在詞尾加-er;以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節詞,雙寫這一輔音字母再加-er;以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞,把y變i再加-er;多音節詞在其前加more
最高級 一般在詞尾加-est;雙音節詞在其前加most;特殊詞有特殊變化
(如:best,worst等)
變成名詞 添加后綴,如:-y,-ty,-ity;-cy,-age,-dom,-ence,-ance,-ness,-th等
課堂應用
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.It was the first road in China with three colored dividing lines,and has
　　　　　　(successful) applied for national intellectual property certification.
2.The change was extremely unpopular,but it was necessary.Finland and Norway are Sweden’s neighboring 　　　　　　(country).
3.The 24 solar terms are determined by changes in the 　　　　　　(sun) position in the zodiac(黃道帶) during the year.
4.For most of the time,Ghanaian students at the institute involve 　　　(they) in the learning of the Chinese language and traditional Chinese culture.
successfully
countries
sun’s
themselves
5.However,because of 　　　　　　(it) altitude,it’s such a great challenge to both one’s physical ability and mind.
6.　　　　　　　 (fortunate),Sivley owned a four-wheel drive,which was fully equipped with hooks,chains and recovery tow straps(拖帶),and capable of pulling over 40,000 pounds.
7.China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a 　　　　　　　(real).
8.“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get 　　　　　　(rich),” Wang said.
its
Fortunately
reality
richer
9.Although failing to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals soccer tournament in Qatar,China made a huge contribution to the 　　　　　(large) global sporting event in the world.
10.The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school,before you make any choice about your 　　　　　(far) education.
largest
further
Ⅱ.語篇填空
A
(2024河北張家口三模)
Large cloisonne(Jingtailan in Chinese) vases,striking plates and other colorful pieces 1.　　　　　(display) in Beijing Gongmei Group’s arts-and-crafts factory’s studio near Yonghegong in the capital attract a lot of visitors.
Gaze upon these long enough,and you will be surprised by the
2.　　　　　　(diverse) of distinctive Chinese patterns traced by countless thin golden wires.
displayed
diversity
“It’s said that there are 108 steps in 3. 　　　　　　 process of producing cloisonne goods,” says Zhang Yongzhen,the factory’s director,
4.　　　　　　 has practiced the craft for four decades.“The traditional handicraft is very complicated.No one can finish the process
5.　　　　　　(complete) by himself or herself.It’s a delicate art that takes dedication to every small step.”
The fundamentals of making cloisonne include 6. 　　　　　　(shape) the object’s body;bending and inlaying copper(銅) wires
7. 　　　　　(present) surface patterns,coloring these wires,heating and finally,polishing and gilding(鍍金).
the
who
completely
shaping
to present
The technique was introduced 8.　　　　　　 China in the late 13th century.It’s believed that cloisonne reached its peak and 9.　　　　　(give) its present Chinese name during Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty.Lan means blue in Chinese.The craft was 10.　　　　　　(far) developed in the Qing Dynasty,following innovations in copper-smelting techniques.
to
was given
further
答案與解析
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過北京工美展廳的景泰藍作品,介紹了景泰藍的特點、工藝及其歷史發展。
1.displayed　考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語動詞為attract,空前的主語與display在邏輯上是動賓關系,所以設空處用過去分詞短語作后置定語。故填displayed。
2.diversity　考查詞性轉換。根據空前的定冠詞“the”可知,此處應用名詞形式作賓語。故填diversity。
3.the　考查冠詞。空后的of producing cloisonne goods對process進行限定,所以此處表示特指,應使用定冠詞。故填the。
4.who　考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句,先行詞指人,作主語,故填who。
5.completely　考查詞性轉換。此處為副詞作狀語修飾finish。故填completely。
6.shaping　考查非謂語動詞。此處用動詞-ing形式作include的賓語,并與后面的bending and inlaying等并列。故填shaping。
7.to present　考查非謂語動詞。此處為不定式短語作目的狀語。故填to present。
8.to　考查介詞。be introduced to意為“引進”,為固定搭配。故填to。
9.was given　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。It作形式主語,that從句為真正的主語,從句中cloisonne是主語,reached和設空處為并列的謂語,cloisonne和動詞give之間為被動關系,且根據“reached”可知,此處要用一般過去時的被動語態。故填was given。
10.further　考查副詞比較級。根據語境可知,此處表示進一步的發展,應該用副詞的比較級作狀語。故填further。
B
(2024山東濱州二模)
China aims to accelerate research and development of key core technologies and application-oriented technological innovations this year,said Liu Zhenfang,president of China State Railway Group.Liu,also a deputy to the 14th National People’s Congress,said they would continue to
1.　　　　　　(immense) promote independent research and the industrial application of key core technologies this year 2.　　　　　　　　(boost) self-reliance in railway technology.
China’s high-speed railways are a successful example of independent innovation in our country,and the overall technological level of China’s railways 3.　　　　　　　　　(enter) the forefront of the world so far.
immensely
to boost
has entered
The group plans to unveil a more advanced bullet train,the CR450—with 4.　　　　　　 top operating speed of 400 km/h and an experimental speed of up to 450 km/h—by next year.
Currently,the fastest bullet trains in China 5.　　　 　　　(programme) at speeds of 350km/h along several lines,including the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway and the Beijing-Tianjin High-Speed Railway.A train
6. 　　　　　(travel) at 400 km/h would shorten the journey
7.　　　　　　 Beijing to Shanghai to 2.5 hours.China aims to achieve technological 8.　　　　　　　(breakthrough) to improve operational safety.
a
are programmed
travelling
from
breakthroughs
“China’s overall level of railway infrastructure has reached the forefront globally,providing the foundation and conditions for 9.　　　　　　(far) advancement toward a higher level of modernization,” Liu added,“China aims to have 165,000 km of track by the end of next year,50,000 km of
10.　　　　　　　 will be high-speed.”
further
which
答案與解析
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的鐵路建設情況和前景。
1.immensely　考查詞性轉換。修飾動詞promote應用副詞。故填immensely。
2.to boost　考查非謂語動詞。此處在句中作目的狀語,應用不定式。故填to boost。
3.has entered　考查動語的時態。根據后文so far可知用現在完成時,主語為the overall technological level of China’s railways,助動詞用has。故填has entered。
4.a　考查冠詞。a speed of表示“……的速度”,且top是發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。
5.are programmed　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。主語trains與謂語構成被動關系,且陳述事實用一般現在時的被動語態,謂語用復數。故填are programed。
6.travelling　考查非謂語動詞。此處travel與train為主動關系,故用現在分詞作定語。故填travelling。
7.from　考查介詞。from...to...表示“從……到……”。故填from。
8.breakthroughs　考查名詞的數。前文沒有冠詞,表示數量大于一應用復數形式。故填breakthroughs。
9.further　考查比較級。根據后文higher可知,表示“進一步”應用比較級further。故填further。
10.which　考查定語從句。此處為“介詞+關系代詞”引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞165,000 km,作介詞的賓語,指物。故填which。

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