資源簡介

(共27張PPT)
第3講　冠詞、代詞和介詞
技法1 如何確定填冠詞
技法點(diǎn)撥
第一步:確定是否填冠詞
首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),看空后是否有名詞。
第二步:判斷是特指還是泛指
(1)若設(shè)空后有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,搭配后表示泛指時(shí),應(yīng)考慮不定冠詞a/an;
(2)若設(shè)空后有名詞,搭配后表示特指時(shí),應(yīng)考慮定冠詞the;
(3)看是不是固定搭配。
典型例題
1.(2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace,and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect ____________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
2.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with _____ touch of sweetness, and the soup hot,clear and delicious.
3.(2022全國甲卷)____________ friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
the
a
A
解析
1.考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空后為名詞culture,有限定詞of grassroots Beijingers,應(yīng)用冠詞修飾表特指。
2.考查冠詞。a touch of意為“少許,微量”,是固定搭配。
3.考查冠詞。名詞friend前沒有限定詞,應(yīng)用冠詞。結(jié)合句意可知,此處指“他的一個(gè)朋友”,屬于泛指,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞。friend的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。空處位于句首,首字母應(yīng)該大寫,故填A(yù)。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 冠詞的用法
泛指 不定冠詞 a/an用在首次提到的或沒有限定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指
特指 1.特指上文提到的人或物,用定冠詞the
2.特指被限制性修飾語加以限定的人或物,用定冠詞the
3.特指表示雙方所默認(rèn)的特定的人或物,用定冠詞the
類指 1.不定冠詞a/an用于表示事物的可數(shù)名詞前表示“一類人或物”,如a horse,a virus
2.定冠詞用于形容詞前表示“一類人或物”,如the rich,the poor等
特殊手法 1.以元音字母開頭的單詞前用a的特殊詞:
university,uniform,European,unit,useful,usual,unique等
2.以輔音字母開頭的單詞前用an的特殊詞:hour,honour,honest等
3.固定搭配中的冠詞:in the charge of,as a result等
4.a/an加序數(shù)詞表示“另一,又一”,如 a second chance意為“再一次機(jī)會(huì)”
技法2 如何確定填代詞
語篇填空考查代詞有兩種考查方式:有提示詞類和無提示詞類。人稱代詞及物主代詞多以有提示詞的形式出現(xiàn),已經(jīng)在前面講到。無提示詞類主要考查it的用法。
技法點(diǎn)撥
發(fā)現(xiàn)句子缺少形式主語或形式賓語時(shí),應(yīng)考慮it。
典型例題
(浙江6月卷)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
解析
考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,it為形式主語,to eat out為真正的主語。
it
[名師點(diǎn)津] it的用法
(1)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等;
(2)代替上文提到過的事物;
(3)可作形式主語或形式賓語;
(4)it常用的固定句型:
①It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分.
正是……某事(物)/某人才……
②It+be+adj.+of/for sb to do sth.
對(duì)某人來說做某事是……的。
③It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事不好/沒用/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
④sb hates/likes/enjoys it that...
某人討厭/喜歡……
⑤when it comes to...當(dāng)談到……
⑥as sb puts it 正如某人所言
⑦make it成功
技法3 如何確定填介詞
技法點(diǎn)撥
第一步:確定是否填介詞
首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí),其前面一般填介詞。
第二步:根據(jù)句意及固定搭配確定答案
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)空處在名詞前后時(shí),應(yīng)考慮名詞與介詞的搭配;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)空處在不及物動(dòng)詞后名詞前時(shí),應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)空處在形容詞后名詞前時(shí),應(yīng)考慮形容詞與介詞的搭配。
典型例題
1.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways __________ Romeo and Juliet.
2.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands ___________ a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
3.(2024全國甲卷)This area,with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
to
as
for
解析
1.考查介詞。此處考查固定短語be similar to,表示“與……相似”。故填to。
2.考查介詞。作為當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的偉大成就,玻璃屋矗立著。根據(jù)語境語義填 as,此處非固定搭配。
3.考查介詞。結(jié)合句意,這里表示“為了”,用介詞for。句意:這個(gè)地區(qū)必須為了供全國人民欣賞得到很好的保護(hù)。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 常用的介詞(短語):
(1)方位介詞:at,in,on,to,above,across,along,among,around,below,beside, between,down,near,off,over,through,towards,under,up等。
(2)時(shí)間介詞:after,at,before,by,during,for,from,in,on,over,since,through,till, until,within,between等。
(3)表示工具、手段、方式的介詞:by,on,over,with,in等。
(4)表示原因的介詞:with,for,from,of,over等。
(5)表示支持、反對(duì)的介詞:for,against等。
(6)表示“除……之外”的介詞:besides,except,except for,but,apart from等。
(7)表示有或沒有的介詞:with,without等。
(8)其他常用的介詞:like,unlike,next,opposite,considering,including, regarding,concerning等。
(9)常用的介詞短語:according to,because of,instead of,up to,due to,owing to, thanks to,but for等。
課堂應(yīng)用
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.As it is purely and fairly clear and rich in color,there goes the saying that no water is worth your attention after your visit 　　　　　　Jiuzhaigou.
2.Zhou has been offered opportunities to go abroad and exchange experience
　　　　　　peers overseas.
3.It has won the love of the majority of people in China and been regarded
　　　　　　one of the best matches for rice.
4.Susan made 　　　　　　　clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
to
with
as
it
5.Chen says,“I feel 　　　　　　our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscription with the younger generations and foreigners.”
6.People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying 　　　　　　expression.
7.When the rover finally approached the object,it turned out to be __________
rabbit-shaped rock.
8.　　　　　　 was a custom for people to hang peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival.
9.One day,when we look up at the sky,we may find that many satellites in
　　　　　　vast universe are looking back at us.
10.A living tree is thus 　　　　　　important storage site for carbon which might otherwise be added to the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
it
for
a
It
the
an
Ⅱ.語篇填空
A
(2024河北衡水示范性高中三模)
The centuries-old traditional Chinese medicine scraping(刮) massage, guasha,has become a fashion among young people on the mainland who show off the bruises(淤青) it creates.
On the youth lifestyle social media platform,a young woman using the account name @hua posted pictures of herself wearing a T-shirt,in which she showed her bruises 1. 　　　　　　　 described them as “cool”.She is one of many who regard guasha as an efficient way to ease muscle pains and
2.　　　　　　(tired).
and
tiredness
Many shared 3.　　　　　　　(they) guasha experiences and tips,such as using homemade scraping tools and different meridians(經(jīng)脈) on the body to relax.
4.　　　　　(translate) from jing mai in Chinese,the meridians refer to paths through which the life energy 5.　　　　　　(flow) in the body and to organs.
The practice,also known as scraping and coining,is 6.　　　　　　 form of traditional Chinese massage(按摩) that uses a small and flat tool to scrape the surface of skin along the meridians,7.　　　　　　(leave) red bruising as a sign of released toxins.
their
Translated
flows
a
leaving
The folk treatment 8.　　　　　　 originated in ancient China has enjoyed huge popularity among the older generation.The treatment is used for 9.　　　　　(condition) considered not serious enough to go to hospital, according to an article in the magazine Sanlian Life Lab.
Some describe guasha as “the Chinese way to cure the stress from the workplace” saying the pain and tears a session brings are
10.　　　　　　　　　(pleasurable) than parties or a weekend at the seaside.
that/which
conditions
more pleasurable
答案與解析
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國的傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)刮痧被越來越多的年輕人所接受。
1.and　考查連詞。此處連接 showed和described 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and。
2.tiredness　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)pains and可知,此處應(yīng)該用名詞形式。故填tiredness。
3.their　考查代詞。修飾下文experiences and tips應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故填their。
4.Translated　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處translate與the meridians為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞形式作狀語。首字母大寫。故填Translated。
5.flows　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語energy為不可數(shù)名詞,且這句話陳述的是一般事實(shí),故此處的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。故填flows。
6.a　考查冠詞。form是可數(shù)名詞,表示泛指,且是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。
7.leaving　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處與上文構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填leaving。
8.that/which　考查定語從句。定語從句修飾先行詞treatment,關(guān)系詞在從句作主語,指物。故填that/which。
9.conditions　考查名詞的數(shù)。condition此處意為“疾病”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處數(shù)量大于一,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填conditions。
10.more pleasurable　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面than的提示可知,這里應(yīng)該用pleasurable的比較級(jí),在前面加more。故填more pleasurable。
B
(2024江蘇徐州打靶試題)
Located within Huzhou,Zhejiang Province,Xiaoxi Street stands as a historical and cultural protection block.It gracefully preserves its rich heritage 1.　　　　　 embracing the essence of modernity perfectly.
With 2.　　　　　　(impress) buildings dating back to the late Qing Dynasty,this historic place,situated alongside the Caodu River,once
3.　　　　　　(serve) as a junction place for ancient canal transportation. The river,acting as a vital channel linking the mountainous regions of Jiangsu, Zhejiang,and Anhui Provinces 4. 　　　　　　　 Huzhou city,played a significant role in the prosperity of this greatly respected block.
while
impressive
served
to/with
Throughout history,Xiaoxi Street attracted honored families,rich merchants,and government officials,resulting in the 5.　　　　　　(create) of masses of architectural wonders that have stood the test of time.
creation
Among these treasures,the residence(豪宅) of Niu Fubao,6.___________
unusual Qing Dynasty official,stands as a noticeable highlight.Constructed by a merchant from Huizhou,the complex,7.　　　　　　(display) distinctive Huizhou-style architecture,was later acquired by the Niu family. Remarkably,the complex boasts delicate stone carvings on 8.　　　　　(it) doors and a rare high-level beam structure,carefully 9.　　　　　　(preserve) to this day.Since 2013,the local government has undertaken a comprehensive project aimed at protecting this historic block.Meanwhile,modern cultural industries,including galleries,pottery-making workshops and public libraries, 10.　　　　　　　　　　　　(integrate) to breathe youthful vitality into the area,transforming the block into a center of cultural and creative industries.
an
displaying
its
preserved
have been integrated
答案與解析
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要向我們介紹了浙江省湖州市境內(nèi)的小西街的風(fēng)景、建筑,以及小西街歷史和文化意義。
1.while　考查連詞。句子的主干部分是“It gracefully preserves its rich heritage”,而“embracing the essence of modernity perfectly”為從句部分,故此處應(yīng)填入連詞,由句意可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句(從句省略了主語和be動(dòng)詞),故填while。
2.impressive　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由空后的名詞buildings可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語,故填impressive。
3.served　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。這句話的主語是“this historic place”,謂語是“serve”,由空前的once(曾經(jīng))可以推斷出此處要用一般過去時(shí)。故填served。
4.to/with　考查固定短語。link sth with/to sth “把……和……連接起來”。故填to/with。
5.creation　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的the可知,此處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語。故填creation。
6.an　考查冠詞。根據(jù)空后的名詞official可知,此處應(yīng)填冠詞。又由空前的Niu Fubao這個(gè)人名可知,此處應(yīng)泛指“一位官員”,用不定冠詞,空后的“unusual”的發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭,故填an。
7.displaying　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這句話的主語是the complex,謂語是was acquired,設(shè)空處是非謂語,和主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填displaying。
8.its　考查代詞。根據(jù)空后的doors可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞作定語。故填its。
9.preserved　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知,這句話的主語是the complex,謂語是boasts,設(shè)空處是非謂語動(dòng)詞,和主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作狀語。故填preserved。
10.have been integrated　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知,畫廊、陶藝作坊、公共圖書館等現(xiàn)代文化產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)整合,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), integrate和主語modern cultural industries是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填have been integrated。

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