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(共30張PPT)
第4講　并列連詞和三大從句
技法1 如何確定填并列連詞還是從句引導(dǎo)詞
技巧點(diǎn)撥
第一步:如何確定并列連詞
如果兩個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)、句子相互之間存在并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果關(guān)系時(shí),填并列連詞。
第二步:如何確定引導(dǎo)詞
如果設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)從句,則首先要看它所引導(dǎo)的是哪一種從句,然后根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的種類和功能來(lái)確定填哪一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。
典型例題
(2023浙江1月卷)During China’s dynastic period,emperors planned the city of Beijing 　　　　　arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
and
解題流程
第一步:如何確定并列連詞。
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,planned the city of Beijing 和arranged the residential areas是并列關(guān)系。
第二步:如何確定填哪種并列連詞。
此處意為“帝王規(guī)劃了北京城并按照社會(huì)階級(jí)安排了人們的居住區(qū)域”,空格前后表示并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用并列連詞。
技法2 如何確定并列連詞
技巧點(diǎn)撥
并列連詞——關(guān)系分析法確定
項(xiàng)目 常用詞
并列關(guān)系 and/as well as;both...and...;not only...but also...等
選擇關(guān)系 or/otherwise;either...or;neither...nor;not...but...
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 but/yet
因果關(guān)系 for, so
對(duì)比關(guān)系 while
典型例題
1.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home
you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
and
or
解析
1.考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處連接兩個(gè)并列成分“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang’s play was being performed”。故填and。
2.考查固定搭配。句意:到時(shí)候要么你買的東西太重,搬不回家,要么你買的東西還新鮮,就不能用了。either...or...意為“要么……要么……”,為固定搭配,所以此處應(yīng)用連詞or。故填or。
技法3 如何確定定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
技巧點(diǎn)撥
關(guān)系代詞 ①作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ):(指人)that,who,whom;
(指物) that,which;
(指代整個(gè)句子)which,as
②作定語(yǔ):whose
(注意:非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞指物時(shí)常用which;先行詞含不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)常用that)
關(guān)系副詞 作狀語(yǔ):(指時(shí)間)when,(指地點(diǎn))where,(指原因)why介詞+關(guān)系代詞:先行詞指人時(shí)用whom,指物時(shí)用which
典型例題
1.(2024全國(guó)甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,___________
became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
2.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
which
that/which
3.(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(紀(jì)念) Tang Xianzu,_________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
who
解析
1.考查定語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的先行詞Wrangell-Saint Elias,which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
2.考查定語(yǔ)從句。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,　　　 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to...England是限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the Silk Route。空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。
3.考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Tang Xianzu,指人,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填who。
技法4 如何確定名詞性從句的連接詞
技巧點(diǎn)撥
連接代詞 what,which,who,whom,whose等,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)
連接副詞 when,where,why,how,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)
從屬連詞 that(不作成分,無(wú)詞義); if/whether(不作成分,意為“是否”)
典型例題
1.(2024全國(guó)甲卷)On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
2.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ___________ they need an English trainer.
3.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.___________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
what
why
What
解析
1.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),介詞in后面跟了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),指代地點(diǎn),所以填入連接代詞“what”。
2.考查表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意“他們還需要隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好接受國(guó)際記者的英文采訪。這就是他們需要一個(gè)英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因”可知,此處考查固定句型“This is why...”,故填why。
3.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“　　　　　 is so breathtaking about the experience ”是主語(yǔ)從句,空處在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“……的東西或事”,且位于句首,故填What。
技法5 如何確定狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞
技巧點(diǎn)撥
表時(shí)間 after,before,when,while,as,since,till/until
表地點(diǎn) where,wherever,everywhere
表原因 because,as,since
表目的 so that,in order that,in case,for fear that
表結(jié)果 so that,so ... that,such ... that
表方式 as,like,as if,as though,the way
表讓步 though,although,even if/though,as,while,whatever
表?xiàng)l件 if,unless,as/so long as,in case
表比較 as ... as,not the same as,not so ... as,than
典型例題
1.(2020全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.
2.(2024湖南省名校聯(lián)盟壓軸卷)However,____________ the conditions didn’t meet the food safety standards for the tofu to be sold in supermarkets,they struggled to make a living.
3.(2024湖北黃岡中學(xué)二模)The carving of fine details was completed ____________ the arms were attached.
When/As
as/because
before
4.(2024江蘇蘇州八校三模)Dad,you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream.You must hold on to it,no matter ____________ awaits you.
5.(2024山東濟(jì)南模擬)I feel I’m missing something ____________ I don’t eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.
what
if
解析
1.考查狀語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,在句中表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,故填When/As 。
2.考查狀語(yǔ)從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“由于”,故填as/because。
3.考查狀語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,此處表示“在手臂連接之前”,故填before。
4.考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和no matter可知,此處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,no matter what意為“無(wú)論什么……”,連接代詞what在從句中作主語(yǔ),指代事物。
5.考查狀語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“如果”,應(yīng)用if。
課堂應(yīng)用
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.In 2013,China launched the Belt and Road Initiative 　　　　　　at the same time presented the vision of a community with a shared future for human beings as China’s view of an alternative world order.
2.Wang Xiaoqing,born in the 1990s,found that in the US,Chinese bamboo products were popular among customers,　　　　　　 many of them carried foreign brands,despite China being the “kingdom of bamboos”.
3.Moreover,for those who love hiking,jogging or cycling,the Thousand Islands Lake in Chun’an County is an ideal destination 　　　 　　　it boasts 1,078 islands,winding roads and charming villages.
and
but
as/because/since/for
4.He has found that 　　　 　　　ants live underground for a long time,they can still find out if other ants belong to the same nest.
5.Traditional Chinese aesthetic(美學(xué)的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing,all of 　　　　represent distinctive local features.
6.Many of the barrier-free facilities in the bookstore were included following suggestions by Han Ying,honorary store manager,　　　　　　 lost her vision due to illness.
7.Paris 2024 organizers are expecting crowds of 600,000 people for ________
they call the largest-ever Olympic ceremony—ten times more than could attend in the Stade de France.
though/although/while
which
who
what
8.Currently,more and more young people wear the adjusted hanfu with the belief 　　　　　the best way to preserve tradition is to adapt it to modern life.
9.Starting recycling projects in the home or community and picking up trash in the neighborhood are also 　　　　　　can make a difference.
10.Ai Kanxiang is about to finish his first semester at college,　　　　　 he is working hard to make his dream come true.
that
what
where
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)篇填空
A
(2024安徽馬鞍山二模)
Ai Jing’s exhibition All The World Is Green opened on Tuesday,at the Helen J Gallery in Los Angeles.This 1.　　　　　　(mark) the debut solo (首次個(gè)人) exhibition in Los Angeles for the 2.　　　　　　(high) recognized multitalented artist,musician,writer,and actress.
The exhibition showcased 3.　　　　　　 diverse range of artworks, including paintings,videos,and installations (現(xiàn)代雕塑裝置),
4.　　　　 　　 (demonstrate) Ai’s artistic skills on and unique approaches to life,nature,and emotions.
marked
highly
a
demonstrating
At the heart of the exhibition,Girl on a Swing 5.　　　　　　 (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area,reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields,shining sun,and expansive greenery spreading out.
In her younger years,Ai longed to leave home,6. 　　　　　　 now she finds herself seeking a sense 7.　　　　　　 belonging.This emotion pushed Ai’s exploration into painting,video,and installation art.
was surrounded
but
of
During the early stages of her career,she sang:“At 17,I left my hometown of Shenyang/For it seemed my dreams lay elsewhere.” It wasn’t until she gained international 8.　　　　　　 (recognize) and spent years abroad that Ai began to feel a longing for home.“Childhood 9.　　　　　　(memory) leave deep impressions on one’s growth,” reflected Ai.
Running until April 16,the exhibition offered enough time for audiences 10.　　　　 　(explore) and appreciate Ai’s artistic vision.
recognition
memories
to explore
答案與解析
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文一篇說明文。文章介紹了艾敬在紐約的個(gè)人藝術(shù)展覽及其相關(guān)經(jīng)歷。
1.marked　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。空格處作謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)上文時(shí)態(tài)可知,句子是描述過去發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填marked。
2.highly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞recognized,應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填highly。
3.a　考查冠詞。a range of為固定搭配,意為“一系列的”,diverse發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,故填a。
4.demonstrating　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。showcased為謂語(yǔ),設(shè)空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)The exhibition和動(dòng)詞demonstrate為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填demonstrating。
5.was surrounded　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)Girl on a Swing為第三人稱單數(shù),且根據(jù)句意為一般過去時(shí),主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞surround之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was surrounded。
6.but　考查連詞。前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。
7.of　考查介詞。a sense of為固定搭配,意為“一種……的感覺”。故填of。
8.recognition　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞international可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ),故填recognition。
9.memories　考查名詞的數(shù)。空格處作主語(yǔ),根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞leave可知,應(yīng)為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填memories。
10.to explore　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。offer sth for sb to do sth為固定搭配,意為“提供某物給某人做某事”。
B
(2024安徽宣城二模)
As night falls,the sound of drums fills the air as an 8-meter fish-shaped lantern,followed by a procession of 1.　　　　　　 (small) ones,moves through the streets of Wangmantian village,Huangshan,in East China’s Anhui Province.The mountain village,once mainly 2. 　　　　　　 (consist) of wooden structures,faced the risk of frequent fires in old times.Therefore, villagers used to gather to parade with fish-shaped lanterns signifying “water overcoming fire”.
smaller
consisting
Over time,such a tradition has developed into 3. 　　　　　　 means for local people to gather together to wish one another good health and fortune.4. 　　　　　　 a history of over 600 years,the fish-shaped lantern
5. 　　　　 　　 (recognize) as a provincial-level intangible (非物質(zhì)的) cultural heritage in 2022.As this traditional intangible heritage has gained
6.　　　　　　 (popular) through social media in recent years,more than 100,000 visitors from across the country came to Shexian County
7.　　　　 　　 (experience) the parades during this year’s Spring Festival from Feb 10 to Feb 17.
a
With
was recognized
popularity
to experience
Villagers in Wangmantian have designed tiny versions of traditional fish-shaped lanterns 8.　　　　　　 are warmly received in the market.They have established professional fish lantern performance teams.These teams have been to 9.　　　　　　 (city) such as Shanghai,Nanjing for artistic exchanges and performances.As fish-shaped lanterns continue to benefit local tourism and 10.　　　　　　 (relate) industries,the future looks brighter than ever.
that/which
cities
related
答案與解析
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了省級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)“魚形燈籠”的歷史以及促進(jìn)了本地旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。
1.smaller　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知,用形容詞比較級(jí)作定語(yǔ),修飾代詞ones。故填smaller。
2.consisting　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,consist of無(wú)被動(dòng),用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填consisting。
3.a　考查冠詞。泛指“一種方式”,且means發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,用不定冠詞修飾。故填a。
4.With　考查介詞。“有……歷史”為短語(yǔ)“with a history of ”,句首首字母大寫。故填With。
5.was recognized　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)in 2022可知,本句為一般過去時(shí),主語(yǔ)the fish-shaped lantern與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞recognize為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填was recognized。
6.popularity　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。gain后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填popularity。
7.to experience　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處作目的狀語(yǔ)用不定式。故填to experience。
8.that/which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為tiny versions of traditional fish-shaped lanterns,指物,關(guān)系詞替代先行詞作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞為that/which。故填that/which。
9.cities　考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)下文“Shanghai,Nanjing”可知,用復(fù)數(shù)cities作賓語(yǔ)。故填cities。
10.related　考查形容詞。設(shè)空處作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞industries,用形容詞,故填related。

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