資源簡介

(共58張PPT)
第1講　記敘文
目 錄 索 引
體裁解讀
技法點撥
01
02
專題概覽
考情表解
年份 卷名 體裁 主題 考點分布 主題語境 主題語境內容 句內層次題 句組層次題 語篇層次題 詞性考查
2024 新課標Ⅰ卷 夾敘夾議文 人與自我 設定適合自己的目標 4 9 2 動詞(短語)8個;名詞5個;形容詞1個;副詞1個
新課標Ⅱ卷 記敘文 人與社會 定居意 大利 5 9 1 動詞(短語)9個;名詞5個;形容詞1個
全國甲卷 記敘文 人與自我 聽奶奶講述她兒時的故事 3 13 4 動詞(短語)7個;名詞8個;形容詞3個;副詞1個;其他短語1個
年份 卷名 體裁 主題 考點分布 主題語境 主題語境內容 句內層次題 句組層次題 語篇層次題 詞性考查
2023 新課標Ⅰ卷 記敘文 人與社會 救助受傷對手 6 6 3 動詞(短語)6個;名詞7個;形容詞2個
新課標Ⅱ卷 記敘文 人與社會 寵物公益航班 6 5 4 動詞(短語)7個;名詞3個;形容詞4個;副詞1個
全國 乙卷 記敘文 人與自我 黑人女性奪冠經歷 9 8 3 動詞(短語)12個;名詞3個;形容詞3個;副詞1個;其他短語1個
全國 甲卷 夾敘夾議文 人與自我 不要以貌取 “物” 7 10 3 動詞(短語)8個;名詞4個;形容詞7個;其他短語1個
年份 卷名 體裁 主題 考點分布 主題語境 主題語境 內容 句內層次題 句組層次題 語篇層次題 詞性考查
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 記敘文 人與自我 露營經歷 8 4 3 動詞(短語)5個;名詞5個;形容詞3個;副詞1個;其他短語1個
全國乙卷 說明文 人與自我 與捉迷藏相關的兒童發展實驗 9 7 4 動詞(短語)7個;名詞7個;形容詞4個;副詞2個
全國甲卷 記敘文 人與社會 寵物情緣 10 6 4 動詞(短語)8個;名詞7個;形容詞3個;副詞1個;其他短語1個
命題趨勢
1.選材立意分析:文體以記敘文為主。主題語境以人與自我和人與社會主題居多,選材凸顯立德樹人、以文化人的價值導向作用。
2.考查能力分析:考點布設上主要考查動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞,其他詞類零星考查。命題體現“突出語篇”的指導思想,考查考生對上下文銜接關系、行文邏輯等的綜合理解。著重考查考生的詞匯運用能力、閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力和跨文化交際能力。
體裁解讀
記敘文完形填空可分為敘事和記人兩種形式,它們有幾個顯著的特點:以一般過去時為主,其他時態為輔;大量使用動詞;適當出現直接引語。做題時要注意以下幾點:
解題要領 要領解讀
抓住文章中心 中心思想有助于明確做題方向,提高針對性。文章題目揭示中心思想;如無題目,關注文章開頭、結尾,尤其是議論抒情的語句,也可抓住文章的中心。
明確敘述角度 在做題時考生可采用“角色滲透法”,這樣有助于走進作者的思維,深入理解文章的含義。
理清寫作順序 記敘文的寫作順序包括順敘、倒敘、插敘、補敘、分敘,理清寫作順序有助于了解事件發展的來龍去脈,從而更迅速、準確地理解文意。
明確寫作要素 弄清記敘文的六要素5W1H,即when、where、who、what、why、how,明確這些寫作要素就基本上抓住了文章的主體。
洞悉寫作目的 寫作目的是借助敘事、寫人或寫景來闡明一個道理,給人以啟迪或教益。
[典型例題](2024新課標Ⅱ卷)
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago,I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to
　41　,Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy,I 　42　 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 　43　 a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and 　44　 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 　45　.After I made Italy my permanent home,I discovered how 　46　 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 　47　 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 　48　 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach,and nowhere fuels my 　49　 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 　50　,and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families
　51　 for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can 　52　.These meals are always 　53　 by laughter and joy.Whatever
　54　 life in Italy might have,the problems are 　55　 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者十年前決定在歐洲購房時選擇了意大利,而不是法國,原因是作者在意大利受到了當地人的鼓勵,感受到了他們的溫暖,這讓他有了家的感覺。
41.A.study　 B.rent　
C.visit　 D.settle
答案 D
解析 根據下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可知,作者選擇最喜歡的地方定居(settle)。
42.A.planned B.struggled
C.refused D.happened
答案 B
解析 根據上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知,此處指作者第一次到意大利,語言不通,問路或在餐館點餐都很難(struggled)。
43.A.string B.hang
C.mix D.match
答案 A
解析 根據下文“a sentence of Italian together”可知,作者努力想用意大利語串成(string)一句話。
44.A.improved B.assessed
C.admired D.praised
答案 D
解析 根據上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可知,作者嘗試說意大利語,當地人贊揚(praised)作者的語言能力。
45.A.course B.barrier
C.area D.test
答案 B
解析 根據上文“the locals smiled at me and 　　　my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可知,當地人的鼓勵幫助作者克服了語言障礙(barrier)。
46.A.open-minded B.strong-willed
C.warm-hearted D.well-informed
答案 C
解析 根據下文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese”和“will come to my door to 　　　me to close the window in my car when rain is coming”可知,鄰居非常熱情(warm-hearted)。
47.A.remind B.allow
C.persuade D.order
答案 A
解析 根據“will come to my door”和“me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,熱心的鄰居在下雨的時候來作者家提醒(remind)他關上車窗。
48.A.tricks B.promises
C.acts D.duties
答案 C
解析 根據上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 　　　me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,正是這些小小的善舉(acts)讓人在一個陌生的國度有了家的感覺。
49.A.ambition B.success
C.appetite D.growth
答案 C
解析 根據上文“As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知,沒有什么地方能像意大利那樣激發作者的食欲(appetite)。
50.A.costume B.dish
C.symbol D.tale
答案 B
解析 根據上文“fuels my 　　　”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可知,意大利各家都有自己的傳統菜肴(dish)。
51.A.gather B.cheer
C.leave D.wait
答案 A
解析 根據上文“Families”以及下文“for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses”可知,一家人聚集(gather)在一起吃飯。
52.A.put up with B.stand up for
C.come up with D.make up for
答案 C
解析 根據上文“whatever other excuses they can”可知,家人們為了聚在一起吃飯而想出(come up with)的理由。
53.A.signaled B.confirmed
C.represented D.accompanied
答案 D
解析 根據下文“by laughter and joy”可知,家人們在一起用餐時伴隨著歡聲笑語。accompanied by意為“伴隨著……”。
54.A.disadvantages B.meanings
C.surprises D.opportunities
答案 A
解析 根據上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可知,此處指在意大利的生活可能存在不便之處(disadvantages)。
55.A.created B.forgotten
C.understood D.identified
答案 B
解析 根據上文“Whatever 　　　life in Italy might have,the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可知,無論在意大利的生活可能存在什么不便之處,一旦你和朋友、家人坐下來吃頓大餐,這些問題就會被遺忘(forgotten)。
技法點撥
技法1 利用首句提供的信息解題
[典例]When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago,I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 　41　,Italy was the clear winner.
41.A.study　　　　 B.rent
C.visit D.settle
分析
利用首句分析法解題。根據上文的“decided to buy a house in Europe”及“but when it came to picking my favorite spot”可知,雖然作者喜歡在法國旅行,但是最終還是選擇在意大利定居。
[自主解答]　 　
D
【點撥】文章或段落的首句有時為主題句,下文內容往往圍繞這一主題展開。因此,利用首句所提供的信息判斷正確的選項是一種非常有效的解題方法。記敘文往往在首句交代時間、地點、人物、事件等要素,下文將按照一定的線索展開敘述。說明文一般在首句點明要說明的事物是什么,然后對事物的主要特征進行說明。議論文往往在首句提出論點,下文則列出一個個論據證明這一論點。
[真題體驗](2021新高考Ⅰ卷)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when, for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,　41　 little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 　42　throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 　43　 help during our spring break,for which I had no 　44　 beyond listening to my favorite records.I’d 　45　 minimum wage.I’d see how a factory 　46　. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 　47　.
43.A.generous　　 B.financial
C.technical D.temporary
答案 D
解析 根據上文的“in middle school”和“for three whole days”可知,作者是短期打工,再結合下文的“during our spring break”可知,此處表示春假期間,市中心的工廠臨時需要八個孩子來幫忙。
45.A.offer B.earn
C.set D.suggest
答案 B
解析 根據上文中的“as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school”和空后的“minimum wage”可知,作者當時還是中學生,要做的是臨時工的工作,掙的是最低工資。
46.A.worked B.closed
C.developed D.survived
答案 A
解析 由上文中的“I worked in a baking factory.”可知,作者去工廠打工,在那里她可以獲知工廠是如何運轉的。
技法2 利用一詞多義或熟詞生義解題
[典例]During my first visit to Italy,I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 　43　 a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
43.A.string　　　　 B.hang
C.mix D.match
分析
利用熟詞生義解題。作者剛到意大利時,有語言障礙,所以每次在表達自己的意思時,會用意大利語拼湊句子。string作名詞意思是“線”,用作動詞意為“把……串起來”,這是生義。
[自主解答]　 　
【點撥】一詞多義和熟詞生義是近幾年高考中不斷出現的詞匯活用現象。備考時應注意單詞本義以及根據詞根推斷單詞生僻意義。
A
[真題體驗1](2023浙江1月卷)
Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous... Sitting on a branch,he 　50　 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
50.A.backed　　　 B.dived
C.shouted D.inched
答案 D
解析 back支持;dive跳水;shout對……大聲喊叫;inch緩慢移動。根據上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often dangerous.”可知,采集蜂蜜是困難且危險的工作,此處指Ziyad小心翼翼地湊近蜂箱,將煙吹入蜂箱中。故選D項。inch熟義為“英寸”,此處為生義“(使)緩慢移動”。
[真題體驗2](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
So 45.instead of tying him up,I just kept a close eye on him.It 　46　—he didn’t end up in the creek.My three-year-old,however,did.
46.A.worked B.happened
C.mattered D.changed
答案 A
解析 work起作用;happen發生;matter要緊;change改變。根據下文“he didn’t end up in the creek”可推知,此處指作者的辦法起作用了,孩子沒有掉進小溪里。work熟義為“工作”,此處為生義“起作用,奏效”。
技法3 利用邏輯關系解題
語篇是由一些意義相關的句子根據一定的邏輯關系組織起來的語義整體。邏輯關系隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落間的銜接中,體現作者的寫作思路和篇章意義,是貫穿整篇文章的主線。完形填空中的任何一道題該選哪個選項,在文中必有依據。因此,解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根據空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之間的邏輯關系,由已知部分推斷出未知部分,做出符合邏輯的判斷。
[典例]During my first visit to Italy,I 　42　 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 43.string a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.
42.A.planned　　 B.struggled
C.refused D.happened
分析
利用對立關系解題。 But表示上下文為轉折關系。由下文“smiled at me”可知,作者初到意大利,語言不通,所以在問路和在餐廳點菜時會遇到困難。當地人給作者很大的鼓勵,幫助作者克服了語言障礙。
[自主解答]　 　
B
【點撥】完形填空中主要考查的七大邏輯關系:
1.對立關系
對立關系包括讓步、對比和轉折關系,常見的標志詞和短語有but,however, yet,on the contrary(相反),by contrast(相比之下),unfortunately,although,even though,while,nevertheless,whereas,in spite of,regardless of,anyhow,after all, instead of,rather than,not...but...,otherwise,or else,to the opposite,compared with等。
[真題體驗1](2023新課標Ⅱ卷)
When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very 47.nervous.George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 　48　 for him,having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
48.A.hard　　　　 B.fine
C.common D.lucky
答案 A
解析 根據上文“was trying to be calm”和轉折連詞but可知,雖然他試圖保持冷靜,但把狗留給一個陌生人對主人來說很難。故選A項。
[真題體驗2](2023全國甲卷)
Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle,but it was 　57　.
57.A.perfect B.useful
C.convenient D.familiar
答案 A
解析 perfect完美的;useful有用的;convenient便利的;familiar熟悉的。根據上文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知,此處表轉折,即馬里奧的酒可能是混濁的,而且是從一個舊瓶子里被倒出來的,但它是完美的。故選A項。
2.并列和遞進關系
并列和遞進關系常用的標志詞和短語有and,even,or,neither...nor...,not only... but (also)...,similarly等。
[真題體驗3](2019北京卷)
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers,but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 　16　 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever
C.once D.already
答案 A
解析 根據語境,此處表示這些大學生視威爾遜為楷模和朋友,甚至(even)親切地叫他“爺爺”。
[真題體驗4](2022全國甲卷)
A year later,much to my 58.delight,this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down,nor did I 　59　 him to.That’s only for giving 60.water to the dogs that brought us together.
59.A.beg B.trust
C.need D.aid
答案 C
解析 由下文“That’s only for giving water to the dogs”可知,之前史蒂夫給作者的愛犬喂水這一舉動就足以拉近他們兩人的關系,因此作者也不需要他下跪。此處nor表示遞進關系,意為“也不”。
3.目的和因果關系
目的和因果關系常用的標志詞和短語有because,for,since,as,thus,hence, therefore,so,so...that,such...that,in order that,in case,consequently,accordingly, due to,thanks to,on account of,because of,seeing that,in that(因為),now that,as a result,for this reason等。
[真題體驗5](2021浙江卷)
My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收銀員) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand
　52　 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 53.money for all of their groceries.
52.A.in case B.even if
C.as though D.so that
答案 A
解析 in case以防萬一;even if即使;as though好像;so that以便。根據語境可知,受到陌生女士的啟發,作者的母親決定在收銀臺放5美元,以防別人也遇到類似的情況。
4.條件關系
條件關系常用的標志詞和短語有if,unless,whether,supposing,on condition that,provided that,depending on等。
[真題體驗6]As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars,content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts,I wanted to remind you that I am sick.I’m frightened that 　1　 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need,my illness will become terminal beyond all cures.
1.A.when B.though
C.if D.unless
答案 C
解析 句意:我擔心如果我不能很快地得到我所需要的適當的藥物和護理,我的病就會變成不治之癥。if引導條件狀語從句。
5.時間關系
時間關系常用的標志詞和短語有before,since,as(隨著),until,meanwhile,at the moment,when,whenever,as soon as等。
[真題體驗7](2020江蘇卷)
For him,it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 　50　 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.
50.A.until B.when
C.unless D.before
答案 B
解析 根據下文“This moved him to action.”可知,對他來說,接受自己失明的命運是一回事,而在事情還容易解決的情況下卻放任不管就完全是另一回事了。when“當……的時候”,符合此處語境。
6.層次和順序關系
層次和順序關系常用的標志詞和短語有besides,finally,first,firstly,further, eventually,in the first place,last,next,second,secondly,third,thirdly,to begin with,to start with,on the one hand...on the other (hand)...等。
[真題體驗8](2023浙江1月卷)
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch(火把).Then,with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,Ziyad began 47.climbing.He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
　49　,Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
49.A.Finally B.Surprisingly
C.Naturally D.Immediately
答案 A
解析 finally最終;surprisingly令人意外地;naturally自然地;immediately立刻。根據上文的表順序關系的關鍵詞“began preparations”和“Then”可知,本空填“Finally”能與上文形成順承關系。故選A項。
7.例證關系
例證關系常用的標志詞和短語有all in all,altogether,in brief,in sum,in conclusion,in short,in summary,on the whole,to sum up,to summarize,as a proof,as an example,for example,for instance,to name but a few,in particular, just as,namely,such as,that is,as to,say(比方說)等。
[真題體驗9]“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future,
　1　in the next 10 years,” he says.
1.A.imagine B.say
C.suppose D.consider
答案 B
解析 say在此處用作舉例,意為“譬如,比方說”。
課堂應用
(2024浙江1月卷)
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China,I had the kind of humbling,educational,and above all else,wonderful 　1　 with a local that all travelers long for.A young Chinese man 　2　 me on the train.My 　3　 friend spoke virtually no English,so I happily took the 　4　 to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 　5　 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 　6　 highways in order to help support his family.Perhaps most 　7　,however,was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.Without batting an eye he would 　8　 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 　9　 as a whole.“And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 　10　 him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 　11　 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed,　12　,and admirable person prevented me doing so.In the course of a couple of hours,he 　13　 me just how much one can gain from 　14　 with an open mind,and a willingness to 　15　 with locals from all walks of life.
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者有一次在火車上偶遇了一名年輕的中國男子,在交談中發現年輕人見多識廣、自學成才,是一個令人欽佩的人。
1.A.experiment　　 B.encounter
C.competition D.appointment
答案 B
解析 根據下文“with a local that all travelers long for”可知作者和當地人有了一次邂逅。故選B項。
2.A.treated　 B.saved　　
C.lectured　 D.approached
答案 D
解析 根據下文“me on the train”以及下文兩人的交談可知,一名年輕的中國男子在火車上向作者走來。故選D項。
3.A.true B.so-called
C.new D.long-lost
答案 C
解析 根據上文“A young Chinese man”可知,兩人是在火車上認識的,所以是新朋友。故選C項。
4.A.chance B.advice
C.trouble D.right
答案 A
解析 根據下文“to practice my Chinese”可知,作者抓住這個機會練習中文。故選A項。
5.A.visited B.financed
C.attended D.founded
答案 C
解析 根據下文“a two-year professional school”可知,這名年輕人去上了一所為期兩年的專業學校。故選C項。
6.A.building B.sweeping
C.checking D.guarding
答案 A
解析 根據下文“this highway builder”可知,這名年輕人是公路建設者,修建公路。故選A項。
7.A.typical B.obvious
C.natural D.remarkable
答案 D
解析 根據下文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知,這個人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個小時學習,這是最值得注意的(品質)。故選D項。
8.A.publish B.quote
C.copy D.download
答案 B
解析 根據下文“a translated Emerson passage”可知,他引用翻譯的愛默生的一段話。故選B項。
9.A.writers B.historians
C.workers D.students
答案 A
解析 根據上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及下文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors ”可知,年輕人對美國和俄羅斯的作家感興趣。故選A項。
10.A.anticipate B.imagine
C.recall D.catch
答案 C
解析 根據下文“him asking at one point”可知,作者在回憶年輕人提過的問題。故選C項。
11.A.look into B.rely on
C.go over D.deal with
答案 B
解析 look into調查;rely on依靠;go over復習;deal with處理。根據下文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知,年輕人從來沒有到過離家超過幾百英里的地方,因此作者很容易依靠自己的假設對他進行判斷。
12.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled
C.warm-hearted D.self-educated
答案 D
解析 由上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知,指這名年輕人的自學能力。故選D項。
13.A.asked B.warned
C.showed D.promised
答案 C
解析 根據下文“me just how much one can gain from”可知,年輕人通過自己向作者展示了一個人可以從開放的心態和愿意與各行各業的當地人交往中獲得多少收獲。故選C項。
14.A.traveling B.reading
C.searching D.teaching
答案 A
解析 根據下文“with an open mind,and a willingness to”并結合作者當時在乘火車旅行可知,年輕人是指帶著開放的心態旅行,故選A項。
15.A.cooperate B.side
C.negotiate D.engage
答案 D
解析 cooperate合作;side支持;negotiate協商;engage參與。下文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各業的當地人打交道,engage with表示“與……接觸”。故選D項。

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