資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共37張PPT)
第2講　夾敘夾議文
目 錄 索 引
體裁解讀
技法點(diǎn)撥
01
02
體裁解讀
解題要領(lǐng) 要領(lǐng)解讀
分析結(jié)構(gòu),抓住作者的觀點(diǎn) 借助文章結(jié)構(gòu),即事例→觀點(diǎn),觀點(diǎn)→事例,觀點(diǎn)→事例→觀點(diǎn),體會(huì)記敘和議論的關(guān)系,抓住作者的觀點(diǎn),明確文章的組織方式。看文章屬于上述哪種結(jié)構(gòu),從而明白作者的寫作思路。
重視首句,把握文章主題 首句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過(guò)首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心,為全面理解文章打開(kāi)一扇“窗戶”。
解題要領(lǐng) 要領(lǐng)解讀
敘議兼顧,理解議論內(nèi)涵 夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體,敘是議的基礎(chǔ),而議是敘的升華。在讀這類文章時(shí),掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關(guān)鍵,因?yàn)閿⑹鍪菫樽髡叩淖h論而服務(wù)的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來(lái),再結(jié)合對(duì)人物心理和行為的描述,全面把握文章才能正確解題。
抓住轉(zhuǎn)換,理清邏輯關(guān)系 抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換,及時(shí)調(diào)整思維方式,理清上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,在充分把握語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)上,辨析詞語(yǔ),進(jìn)一步把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度,找到正確答案。
[典型例題](2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)
I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager,a neighborhood friend 　41　 a marathon race. Feeling motivated,I started running 　42　,but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was 　43　 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest,I 　44　 it!Between the girl making my 　45　 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging,I decided that the only 　46　 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 　47　 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 　48　 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day,I 　49　 her bike and went for a ride.The 　50　:The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 　51　.That day,I got 　52　 by about 100 “l(fā)ocal” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home,suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 　53　.
I’ve 　54　 a lot since then.I’ve come to accept that whatever 　55　 I set for myself,they just have to be my own.
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者在一生中從其他人的成就中,既受到了激勵(lì),也變得消極的故事,最終作者明白了這樣一個(gè)道理:無(wú)論自己設(shè)定什么樣的目標(biāo),都必須是適合自己的目標(biāo)。
41.A.knew　　 B.held　　
C.won　　 D.quit
答案 C
解析 根據(jù)下一句中的“Feeling motivated”可推斷出,作者的朋友贏得了(won)一場(chǎng)馬拉松比賽。
42.A.regularly B.silently
C.proudly D.recently
答案 A
解析 根據(jù)“Feeling motivated,I started running”可知,作者受到了激勵(lì),所以開(kāi)始經(jīng)常(regularly)跑步。
43.A.asking B.looking
C.waiting D.training
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)空后的“for a ‘super,’referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,作者遇到的一個(gè)女孩說(shuō)她正在為一場(chǎng)52.4英里的雙程馬拉松進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練(training)。
44.A.made B.believed
C.hated D.deserved
答案 C
解析 根據(jù)前文的“Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及后文的“Between the girl making my 　　　seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者最長(zhǎng)跑了15英里,和女孩一比微不足道,所以他討厭(hate)跑步。
45.A.advantage B.achievement
C.contribution D.influence
答案 B
解析 根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知,作者最長(zhǎng)跑了15英里,而女孩在為52.4英里做訓(xùn)練,所以應(yīng)是作者的成就(achievement)看起來(lái)微不足道。
46.A.way B.risk
C.place D.reason
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)上文的“Between the girl...and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者在跑步方面的熱情被澆滅,因此他決定自己再次跑步的原因(reason)只能是“如果有一條大狗追自己”。
47.A.gave up B.went on
C.turned to D.dealt with
答案 C
解析 由上文可知,作者不跑步了,再根據(jù)下文作者買了自行車,并經(jīng)常騎車可知,他轉(zhuǎn)向了(turned to)騎自行車。
48.A.heard B.dreamed
C.complained D.approved
答案 B
解析 根據(jù)上一句“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”可知,作者對(duì)騎自行車又有了濃厚的興趣,故他夢(mèng)想著(dreamed)參加自行車比賽。
49.A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
答案 B
解析 根據(jù)上文可知,作者去了姐姐家。一天姐姐去上班了,作者借了(borrowed)她的自行車,去騎車了。
50.A.problem B.secret
C.principle D.advice
答案 A
解析 根據(jù)空后的“The roads there went through large valleys...riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者這次騎自行車面臨著路線不好走的問(wèn)題(problem)。
51.A.dangers B.events
C.opponents D.challenges
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)上文的描述“The roads...riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)這樣的挑戰(zhàn)(challenges)。
52.A.passed B.convinced
C.admired D.stopped
答案 A
解析 根據(jù)“about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”和“When I got back home,suddenly...”可知,作者又遇到了挫折:他被當(dāng)?shù)卮蠹s100名習(xí)慣了路況的騎自行車的人超越了(passed)。
53.A.reliable B.convenient
C.familiar D.appealing
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)“suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as...”可知,作者突然覺(jué)得騎自行車好像不那么有吸引力了(appealing)。
54.A.traveled B.matured
C.missed D.worried
答案 B
解析 根據(jù)下文的“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　　　I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,從那時(shí)起,作者成熟了(matured)許多。
55.A.limits B.dates
C.goals D.tests
答案 C
解析 作者跑步和騎自行車都是他為自己設(shè)定的目標(biāo),所以作者已經(jīng)開(kāi)始接受這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):無(wú)論他為自己設(shè)定什么目標(biāo)(goals),都必須是適合他自己的目標(biāo)。
技法點(diǎn)撥
技法1 利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題
[典例]First,a girl I met one day told me she was 　43　 for a “super”, referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.
43.A.asking　　　 B.looking
C.waiting D.training
分析
根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可以推測(cè),女孩要跑52.4英里的雙程馬拉松,所以她要為了成為一名“超人”而訓(xùn)練。
[自主解答]　 　
D
【點(diǎn)撥】一些完形填空題經(jīng)常會(huì)涉及文化或生活常識(shí)方面的知識(shí),這些文化或生活常識(shí)主要靠考生平時(shí)的閱讀積累,從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō),此類問(wèn)題主要考查考生的學(xué)習(xí)視野和知識(shí)面。
(1)生活常識(shí)
[真題體驗(yàn)1](2023浙江1月卷)
Here,in south-east Ethiopia,hand-carved beehives(蜂箱) are placed in the 42.treetops.Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 　43　.
43.A.urgent　　　 B.dangerous
C.expensive D.pointless
答案 B
解析 urgent緊急的;dangerous危險(xiǎn)的;expensive昂貴的;pointless毫無(wú)意義的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,手工雕刻的蜂箱被放置在樹(shù)頂上,采摘蜂蜜很難并且經(jīng)常也很危險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
[真題體驗(yàn)2](2023全國(guó)甲卷)
It’s good to eat things at the correct time,when they’re 　58　,and as close as possible to where they were 　59　.
58.A.on view B.on sale
C.in season D.in need
答案 C
解析 on view在展出;on sale出售;in season應(yīng)季的;in need在困難中。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知,“吃應(yīng)季的和盡可能靠近產(chǎn)地的東西”是正確的做法。故選C項(xiàng)。
59.A.finished B.stored
C.found D.grown
答案 D
解析 finish完成;store貯存;find找到;grow種植,生長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知, “吃應(yīng)季的和盡可能靠近原產(chǎn)地的東西”是正確的做法。故選D項(xiàng)。
(2)文化背景
[真題體驗(yàn)3](天津卷)
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia,a strong-willed 　17　 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced,the words flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17.A.member B.actress
C.player D.character
答案 D
解析 表示小說(shuō)或戲劇中的“人物”或“角色”,用character。故選D項(xiàng)。
技法2 利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題
[典例]While she was at work one day,I 　49　 her bike and went for a ride.
49.A.painted　　　 B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
分析
利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)本空前的“While she was at work one day”暗示可推知,姐姐去上班了,所以作者借了她的自行車。
[自主解答]　 　
【點(diǎn)撥】上下文語(yǔ)境具體體現(xiàn)為全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評(píng)價(jià)、上下文語(yǔ)篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句內(nèi)層次題中,我們通常可以通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境暗示,即根據(jù)已知信息,推導(dǎo)出正確答案。
B
(1)根據(jù)上文提示
[真題體驗(yàn)1](2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44.race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 45.stopped to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 　46　.She couldn’t.
46.A.courage　　　 B.aid
C.patience D.advice
答案 B
解析 courage勇氣;aid幫助;patience耐心;advice建議。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境“She stopped to help her fellow runner”可知,此處表示看Lenoue是否能在她的幫助下向前走。故選B項(xiàng)。
(2)根據(jù)下文提示
[真題體驗(yàn)2](2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 　41　.They could not afford to pay for 42.transportation for their dog,Tiffy,and 43.desperately wanted to take her with them.
41.A.turn B.budget
C.schedule D.connection
答案 B
解析 turn轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn);budget預(yù)算;schedule時(shí)間表;connection聯(lián)系。根據(jù)下文語(yǔ)境“They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog,Tiffy”可知,這個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算非常緊張。故選B項(xiàng)。
課堂應(yīng)用
(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷改編)
Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The　1　 is obvious.If we admit it is a door,they’ll want to go outside 　2　.It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 　3　.But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from 　4　 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll 　5　 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a lie.
I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the 　6　.I have a very strong 　7　 that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.Windows and doors have 　8　 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 　9　 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity(機(jī)會(huì)) of some sort,and 　10　 opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just
　11　 it and wonder,“What if it isn’t a door ” That is,“What if it isn’t a 　12　 opportunity ”
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.But the 　13　 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.I should just 　14　 repeatedly having to say,“No.We can’t go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 　15　 to open them and walk through.
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在生活中,父母可以向孩子撒謊嗎 如果父母對(duì)孩子撒謊,有可能會(huì)對(duì)孩子造成精神上的傷害。
1.A.relief　　　　 B.target
C.reason D.case
答案 C
解析 結(jié)合上下文可知,作者夫婦告訴孩子們那扇滑動(dòng)玻璃門只是一扇窗戶,而對(duì)孩子們?nèi)鲋e的原因是想要阻止他們出去,這個(gè)“原因”是顯而易見(jiàn)的。故選C項(xiàng)。
2.A.gradually B.constantly
C.temporarily D.casually
答案 B
解析 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,孩子們會(huì)不斷地想從門里走出去。constantly 不斷地。故選B項(xiàng)。
3.A.result B.danger
C.method D.truth
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)下文“我們堅(jiān)持說(shuō)它是窗戶”可知,此處意為“孩子們顯然是知道了真相”。故選D項(xiàng)。
4.A.reviewing B.approving
C.receiving D.attempting
答案 D
解析 孩子們知道了它是一道門時(shí),就會(huì)嘗試著請(qǐng)求到外面去。孩子們?cè)谑欠衲艿酵饷嫒ミ@個(gè)問(wèn)題上還是嘗試著向父母做出請(qǐng)求,這符合常理。故選D項(xiàng)。
5.A.win out B.give up
C.wake up D.stand out
答案 C
解析 隨著孩子們長(zhǎng)大,終有一天他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們一直知道的窗戶是個(gè)謊言,也就是說(shuō)他們覺(jué)醒了。故選C項(xiàng)。
6.A.restrictions B.explanations
C.differences D.consequences
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,父母無(wú)論是一直說(shuō)謊還是一直講真話,都會(huì)產(chǎn)生后果。故可判斷句意為“我不知道父母是否應(yīng)該一直不計(jì)后果地講真話”。故選D項(xiàng)。
7.A.demand B.fear
C.desire D.doubt
答案 B
解析 根據(jù)下文“Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear”可知,此處意為“我有一種很強(qiáng)的擔(dān)憂”。故選B項(xiàng)。
8.A.traditional B.important
C.double D.original
答案 B
解析 本段中,作者將“機(jī)會(huì)”比喻為“門 ”,而生活中的機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)于每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都是“重要的”,因此,在生活中,門和窗戶有著“重要的”比喻意義。故選B項(xiàng)。
9.A.life B.time
C.reply D.history
答案 A
解析 根據(jù)下文“Then when they come to other doors in life”可知,此處意為“要是他們?cè)谝院蟮纳钪杏龅揭粋€(gè)具有比喻意義的門……”故選A項(xiàng)。
10.A.by comparison with
B.in addition to
C.regardless of
D.instead of
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)下文wonder可推知他們?cè)谟龅娇赡苁菣C(jī)會(huì)的門時(shí)會(huì)感到疑惑,所以此處是說(shuō)他們不敢打開(kāi)門。instead of “而不是”。故選D項(xiàng)。
11.A.get hold of B.stare at
C.knock on D.make use of
答案 B
解析 根據(jù)上文“而不是打開(kāi)門”和下文的wonder(疑惑)可知,此處應(yīng)為“凝視”。故選B項(xiàng)。
12.A.real B.typical
C.similar D.limited
答案 A
解析 根據(jù)上文的“What if it isn’t a door ”這一問(wèn)句可知,孩子們可能懷疑它不是一個(gè)真實(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。
13.A.safety rule B.comfort zone
C.bottom line D.top secret
答案 C
解析 綜合全文來(lái)看,作者認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該教育孩子何時(shí)打開(kāi)生活中的隱喻之“門”,而不應(yīng)該對(duì)孩子說(shuō)謊。說(shuō)謊與否是衡量人是否誠(chéng)實(shí)的尺度,這應(yīng)該是做人的底線,而不是安全問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。
14.A.delay B.regret
C.enjoy D.accept
答案 D
解析 根據(jù)下一句可知,作者會(huì)告訴孩子那是一扇門,但是現(xiàn)在還不能出去,由此可知,作者認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該“接受”告知孩子們“門”的真相,盡管這意味著會(huì)不斷拒絕孩子們出去的要求。故選D項(xiàng)。
15.A.hurry B.decide
C.hesitate D.intend
答案 C
解析 當(dāng)父母不再向孩子們?nèi)鲋e,那么當(dāng)孩子們看到“門”的時(shí)候也不會(huì)懷疑,他們會(huì)沒(méi)有“顧慮”地打開(kāi)門,走過(guò)去。這與第三段中的“stare at it and wonder”形成對(duì)比,此處要表達(dá)“沒(méi)有疑慮或顧慮”的意思。

展開(kāi)更多......

收起↑