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(共23張PPT)
微專題3　利用三層次突破完形填空
完形填空題不是一般的單項選擇題,它要求考生不僅能掌握詞語在特定語境中的使用,而且要能理解全文、照顧文章的前后邏輯關系。完形填空經常從三個層面來考查考生對語境的理解能力:對本句話結構和意義的理解;對上下文或句與句之間邏輯關系的理解;對整個語篇結構的理解和把握。因此,考生在做這類題型時,可以從這三個層面理解文本,從而得出正確答案。
層次一 句內層次題
句內層次題指的是解題信息就分布在設空所在的句子中,學生只需讀懂句意,利用句子中的提示信息憑語感和常識即可選出答案,做這種類型的題目時可邊讀邊做,復原信息。
[真題體驗1](2023新課標Ⅱ卷)
After some goodbyes,I asked George and his wife to help me 　51　 Tiffy into the plane.I promised to take care of Tiffy and 52.call them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
51.A.feed　　　　 B.follow
C.change D.load
答案 D
解析 feed喂養;follow跟隨;change改變;load裝載。load...into...“把……裝入……”。根據空格后“Tiffy into the plane”可知,作者讓George和他的妻子幫忙把Tiffy裝入飛機。故選D項。
[真題體驗2](2023全國甲卷)
But when we looked at the tomatoes,we were 　46　 because they were so misshapen:not at all like the nice,round,47.shiny things you get in a supermarket.
46.A.worried B.moved
C.thrilled D.bored
答案 A
解析 worried擔心的;moved感動的;thrilled興奮的;bored感到厭倦的。根據下文“because they were so misshapen”可知,西紅柿是畸形的,所以作者一家很擔心是否能吃。故選A項。
[真題體驗3](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
Some of our　41　 are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little.
41.A.ideas B.jokes
C.memories D.discoveries
答案 C
解析 根據空格后的“when our children were little”可知,“memories(記憶)”符合語境。
[真題體驗4](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
He was 　44　,and his crying let the whole campground know it.
44.A.unhurt B.unfortunate
C.uncomfortable D.unafraid
答案 C
解析 根據空格后的“his crying”可知,“uncomfortable”符合語境。
[真題體驗5](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
The 　49　 picked up and thunder rolled.
49.A.wind B.noise
C.temperature D.speed
答案 A
解析 根據空格后的“thunder rolled”可知,此處是在描述天氣,“wind”符合語境。句意:狂風大作,雷聲隆隆。
[真題體驗6](2022新高考Ⅱ卷)
It might sound like one long,expensive 42.vacation,but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 　43　.
43.A.safe B.busy
C.helpful D.affordable
答案 D
解析 根據空格前的“It might sound like one long,expensive”和轉折連詞“but”可知,本空與空前為相反關系。“affordable”與空前的“expensive”相對應。
[真題體驗7](2022全國乙卷)
They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies 　43　.
43.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
答案 A
解析 根據空格前的“They often cover only their eyes with their hands”可知,身體的其余部分無遮蔽,是暴露在外的。exposed符合語境。
層次二 句組層次題
句組層次題指的是解題信息不在設空所在的句子中,而是分布在空格前后的一組意群之中,需要考生“瞻前顧后”,即觀察空前句或空后句,聯系上下文才能找到解題信息。句組層次題是比句內層次題稍難一級的題目。
[真題體驗1](2023全國乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(個人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best.She had to
　42　 her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say 　43　 to her two dogs and to the beach,where she loved to 44.ride waves on her board.
42.A.take up B.pack up
C.clean up D.do up
答案 B
解析 take up從事;pack up整理,收拾行李;clean up清理;do up裝修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知,Gabby Douglas整理好她的臥室,準備離開這里。故選B項。
43.A.goodbye B.hello
C.thanks D.no
答案 A
解析 goodbye再見;hello你好;thanks感謝;no沒有,不。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知,Gabby Douglas要離開自己的家,所以與家里的狗說再見。故選A項。
[真題體驗2](2022新高考Ⅱ卷)
Like many young people,Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them,this 25-year-old is doing it 　41　.She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.
41.A.indoors B.online
C.single-handed D.full-time
答案 D
解析 根據上文的“Like”與本句中的“Unlike”構成對比關系,再根據空后的“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world”可知,這個25歲的年輕人是全職(full-time)從事這項工作。
[真題體驗3](2022新高考Ⅱ卷)
But house sitting also offers a level of 　49　 they can’t find in a hotel.“It’s like 50.staying at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
49.A.support B.comfort
C.control D.attention
答案 B
解析 根據空后的“It’s like 50.staying at a friend’s house”可知,照看房子也能提供一種在酒店里找不到的舒適感(comfort)。
[真題體驗4](2022全國甲卷)
For many years,I enjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance.Their 　41　 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41.A.ownership B.membership
C.companionship D.leadership
答案 C
解析 根據空前的“I enjoyed living with my dogs”可知,它們的陪伴(companionship)幾乎足以讓作者遠離孤獨。
[真題體驗5](2022全國甲卷)
When I first dated Steve,I 43.learned he had a dog,Molly,and a cat,Flora.While I was 44.thrilled that he was an animal lover,I 45.worried that three dogs were perhaps too many,and my dogs might attack 　46　,the cat.
46.A.Flora B.Chance
C.Molly D.Tilly
答案 A
解析 本空四個選項都是名字,根據前文“When I first dated Steve,I 43.learned he had a dog,Molly,and a cat,Flora.”可知,貓的名字為“Flora”。
[真題體驗6](2022浙江6月卷)
49.Similarly in the workplace,trust is important for strong 　50　.It is something that every manager should work hard to 51.develop among their team.
50.A.affection B.determination
C.friendship D.leadership
答案 D
解析 根據空后的“every manager”可知,此處指信任對于強大的領導力(leadership)也很重要。
層次三 語篇層次題
語篇層次題指的是設空處很難在句內或段內找到答案,需要了解整個語篇的脈絡才能選定答案,這類題的難度很大,建議不要急于做題,讀完整篇文章后,“思前想后”再敲定答案。
[真題體驗1](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41.memories are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little...
Another time,we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we 47.headed off,but storms move in fast in the mountains,and this one quickly 48.interrupted our peaceful morning trip...
Now,every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage,we are filled with a sense of 54.excitement,wondering what camping fun and 　55　 we will experience next.
55.A.failure B.adventure
C.performance D.conflict
答案 B
解析 本題無法根據設空所在句子直接找到答案。分析語篇可知,第一段“My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”為總括;第二段分講“Some of our 41.memories are funny”,分享了有趣的經歷;第三段分講“Another time,we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake”,分享了一個有驚無險的例子;最后一段總結,根據語篇結構“總—分—總”可知,作者一家的露營經歷既有有趣的,也有冒險的,故本空是表示“想知道接下來我們會經歷什么樣的露營樂趣和冒險(adventure)”。
[真題體驗2](2022浙江6月卷)
Trust is such an important part of a 43.parent-child relationship that it’s something that can’t 44.afford to lose...
49.Similarly in the workplace,trust is important for strong 50.leadership.It is something that every manager should work hard to 51.develop among their team...Good　55　,like good parenting,is a long-term commitment.
55.A.management B.personality
C.communication D.education
答案 A
解析 本題無法根據設空所在句子直接找到答案,根據本段段首“49.Similarly in the workplace,trust is important for strong 50.leadership.It is something that every manager should work hard to 51.develop among their team.”可知,作者在談管理(management);再根據上文“Trust is such an important part of a 43.parent-child relationship that it’s something that can’t 44.afford to lose”談到的“親子關系”和空后的“like”可知,設空處與“good parenting”是類比關系。

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