資源簡介

(共111張PPT)
第2講　明晰文體——解題快又準
文體1　應(yīng)用文
文體2　記敘文
目 錄 索 引
01
02
文體3　說明文
03
文體4　議論文
04
考情表解
卷別 新高考Ⅰ卷 新高考Ⅱ卷 年份 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
體 裁 A 應(yīng)用文 應(yīng)用文 應(yīng)用文 應(yīng)用文 應(yīng)用文 應(yīng)用文
B 夾敘夾議文 記敘文 夾敘夾議文 說明文 說明文 記敘文
C 說明文 說明文 記敘文 說明文 說明文 說明文
D 說明文 說明文 說明文 書評 說明文 說明文
卷別 新高考Ⅰ卷 新高考Ⅱ卷 年份 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
題 材 A 志愿者招募 自行車 租賃 課程評分 四種徒步活動 護理員項目 博物館
團游
B 中西醫(yī)結(jié)合 治療動物 生態(tài)設(shè)計 食物浪費 短故事小亭 學(xué)校園藝項目 新媒體
時代
C 紙質(zhì)閱讀和 數(shù)字閱讀 書的序言 養(yǎng)雞項目 巴比倫微型 農(nóng)場 閱讀的藝術(shù) 短信監(jiān)
控器
D 現(xiàn)代生物 數(shù)據(jù)采樣 群體智慧效應(yīng) 語音發(fā)展 以人工智能 為主題的書 接觸大自然 有氧運動
文體1　應(yīng)用文
應(yīng)用文包括通知、廣告、便條、申請書、個人簡介、商品說明與介紹、新聞報道等,形式多樣,題材各異(如圖示、表格等),措辭簡潔明了,直截了當,其目的是向讀者傳輸信息。
(2024新課標Ⅰ卷,A)
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of 5 or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch.
No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills(滿足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday,Jan.15 10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday,Jan.22 10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday,Jan.29 9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A.To discover mineral resources.
B.To develop new wildlife parks.
C.To protect the local ecosystem.
D.To conduct biological research.
22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A.5.　　 B.10. C.15. D.18.
23.What are the volunteers expected to do
A.Bring their own tools.
B.Work even in bad weather.
C.Wear a team uniform.
D.Do at least three projects.
語篇解讀
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者介紹了一個生物棲息地修復(fù)工作隊的工作內(nèi)容和招募志愿者的相關(guān)信息和要求。
語篇圖解
思路點撥
21.根據(jù)第一段的“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.”可知,HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM的目的是幫助恢復(fù)和保護馬林的一些自然區(qū),也就是保護當?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選　 　項。
22.根據(jù)AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING 下面列出的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.”和“Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.”可知,最低年齡限制為10歲。故選　 　項。
23.根據(jù)AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING 下面列出的第三條“We’ll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”可知,不管下雨天還是晴天,志愿者都要工作。故選　 　項。
C
B
B
課堂應(yīng)用
A(2024浙江1月卷,A)
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping,foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer:A River Adventure” has all the good stuff,including the fence painting,the graveyard,the island and the cave.It is adapted by Joe McDonough,with music by David Kisor.That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer,and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Turner,a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts,is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages.He is a star actor of Children’s Theatre,having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz”,and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School.He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers:Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer”.For downloadable lessons,visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹由馬克·吐溫的作品所改編的音樂劇《湯姆·索亞:河上歷險記》。
1.Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer:A River Adventure”
A.David Kisor.　　　　 B.Joe McDonough.
C.Nathan Turner. D.Robbie McMath.
答案 A
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough,with music by David Kisor.”可知,本劇是由大衛(wèi)·基索作曲的。
2.What can we learn about the two actors
A.They study in the same school.
B.They worked together in “Ragtime”.
C.They are experienced on stage.
D.They became friends ten years ago.
答案 C
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,Turner經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在辛辛那提的舞臺上,是兒童劇院的明星演員,曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔任主角;根據(jù)第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School.He was in the cast of ‘Tom Sawyer’ when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular,with five shows to his credit.”可知,McMath 也是兒童劇院的老演員;綜合以上信息可知,這兩位演員在舞臺上經(jīng)驗豐富。
3.What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers
A.Research funding.
B.Training opportunities.
C.Technical support.
D.Educational resources.
答案 D
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知,兒童劇院為教師提供了一份學(xué)習(xí)指南,展示如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué),可通過兒童劇院的網(wǎng)站下載課程;由此可知,兒童劇院為教師提供了教育資源。
B(2024新課標Ⅱ卷,A)
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner,experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1-The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide,this walk promises to be an informative tour.Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 9:00
Start Point:Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration:6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard,an experienced guide,has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all.This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 9:00
Start Point:Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration:5 hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.A torch(手電筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 18:30
Start Point:The Town Hall
Walk Duration:3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45
Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration:1.5 hours
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。卡洛秋季徒步節(jié)提供不同難度的徒步活動,適合初學(xué)者和有經(jīng)驗的徒步者,包括自然探索、山地技能學(xué)習(xí)、夜間徒步和森林攝影。
4.Which walk takes the shortest time
A.The Natural World.
B.Introduction to Hillwalking.
C.Moonlight Under the Stars.
D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
答案 D
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Walk 1-The Natural World”中的“Walk Duration: 6 hours”;“Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking”中的“Walk Duration:5 hours”;“Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars”中的“Walk Duration:3 hours”以及“Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest”中的“Walk Duration:1.5 hours”可知,Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest用時最短。
5.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A.Wear proper clothes.
B.Join a walking club.
C.Get special permits.
D.Bring a survival guide.
答案 A
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars”中的“A torch along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.”可知, Walk 3的參與者需要穿著合適的衣服并攜帶手電筒。
6.What do the four walks have in common
A.They involve difficult climbing.
B.They are for experienced walkers.
C.They share the same start point.
D.They are scheduled for the weekend.
答案 D
解析 細節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知,Walk 1和Walk 3在周六進行,而 Walk 2和Walk 4在周日進行。因此文中徒步活動的共同點是都被安排在周末。
文體2　記敘文
記敘文是以寫人、記事、狀物為主要內(nèi)容,以記敘和描寫為主要表達方式的文章。一篇記敘文,無論長短都應(yīng)該是一個完全獨立的事實,描寫人物、地點、事件和發(fā)生過程,表達作者的某種情感。
(2023新課標Ⅱ卷,B)
Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes,at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden.Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A.She used to be a health worker.
B.She grew up in a low-income family.
C.She owns a fast food restaurant.
D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A.The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B.Students had little time for her classes.
C.Some kids disliked garden work.
D.There was no space for school gardens.
26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A.Far-reaching.　　 B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Rescuing School Gardens
B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers
D.Changing Local Landscape
語篇解讀
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Abby Jaramillo發(fā)起了一個名叫“Urban Sprouts”的學(xué)校園藝項目的目的和對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生的積極影響。
語篇圖解
思路點撥
24.根據(jù)第一段中的“And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.”可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的發(fā)起者。故選　 　項。
25.根據(jù)第二段中的“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.”可知,項目之初,一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故
　 　項正確。
26.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,這個項目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營養(yǎng)的食物,而且許多學(xué)生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園,對有情緒控制問題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用,從而推知,該項目的影響是深遠的。故　 　項正確。
27.通讀全文可知,文章主要講述了Abby Jaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力、環(huán)保意識以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花園項目,對學(xué)生影響深遠。故　 　項正確。
D
C
A
C
課堂應(yīng)用
A(2024浙江1月卷,B)
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago,right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions (試演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing,I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets,the door swung shut behind me.Suddenly I was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street.So,I called Directory Assistance,got put through to our landlady’s managing agent,and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one,I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”:any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves,and return it later,or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “l(fā)ibrary” opened,I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there.And these books were free.This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again,my local telephone box will, sadly,no longer be able to connect me with my keys.But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。隨著手機的普及,電話亭漸漸地被人們遺忘,作者家附近的最后一個電話亭被改造成了“迷你圖書館”,作者偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)那里有很多不錯的免費書籍,這讓作者覺得很棒。
1.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to
A.The play.　　　　　
B.The shared house.
C.The sofa.
D.The telephone box.
答案 B
解析 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...in my tiny old shared house in London.”及“...I spread some throws...‘young professional.’”可知,此處是指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點,所以it代指“合租房”。
2.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A.To place an urgent call.
B.To put up a notice.
C.To shelter from the rain.
D.To hold an audition.
答案 A
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“So,I called Directory Assistance,got put through to our landlady’s managing agent,and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.”可知,作者在2006年使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話。
3.What do we know about the “mini community library”
A.It provides phone service for free.
B.Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C.It is popular among young readers.
D.Books must be returned within a month.
答案 B
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The last one standing has just been turned into a ‘mini community library’:any passer-by can ‘borrow’ a book from its shelves,and return it later,or replace it with another title from their own collection.”可知,任何人都可以為“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”捐贈圖書。
4.Why did the author start to use the “l(fā)ibrary”
A.He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B.He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C.He found there were excellent free books.
D.He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
答案 C
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“This unbeatable pricepoint encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.And I’ve discovered some great books!”可知,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)“迷你圖書館”里有很多免費的很棒的書,所以開始使用。
B(2024新課標Ⅱ卷,B)
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes,we all have our phones,but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well,there’s a kiosk(小亭) for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area,at least.
“You enter the fare gates(檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost,the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple.Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories,and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says.“And as of right now,we’ve received about 120 submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century,so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。舊金山灣區(qū)BART通過小亭提供不同閱讀時長的短故事,以提升乘客體驗,從而吸引更多乘客。
5.Why did BART start the kiosk program
A.To promote the local culture.
B.To discourage phone use.
C.To meet passengers’ needs.
D.To reduce its running costs.
答案 C
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的提問“Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read ”和第三段中Alicia Trost的描述可知,BART的小亭提供不同時長的短故事和詩歌,旨在滿足乘客的閱讀需求。
6.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A.By popularity.　　 B.By length.
C.By theme. D.By language.
答案 B
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“it tells you can get a one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute story”可知,乘客可以在小亭選擇一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘閱讀時長的故事,由此表明故事是按照時長來分類的。
7.What has Trost been doing recently
A.Organizing a story contest.
B.Doing a survey of customers.
C.Choosing a print publisher.
D.Conducting interviews with artists.
答案 A
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”和“we’ve received about 120 submissions”可知,最近Trost一直在組織征文競賽。
8.What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A.It will close down.
B.Its profits will decline.
C.It will expand nationwide.
D.Its ridership will increase.
答案 D
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可推知,她堅信通過提供短故事可以改善乘客體驗,從而吸引更多的乘客。
文體3　說明文
說明文通常是通過舉例子、作比較、分類別、析結(jié)果、列數(shù)字和作引用等手段,具體描述一項研究或者介紹一項新產(chǎn)品、新技術(shù)的文章,旨在讓讀者了解信息。
(一)新發(fā)明/新產(chǎn)品類
考查要點 方法技巧
1.背景介紹或發(fā)明目的 新發(fā)明的背景(含目的)多位于首段或前兩段。答案信息一般來自本部分“in order to,the market is growing for,to do,to discover,to test out,to find out,to solve the problem of,so that”等字眼后面的陳述,一般是對這些信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
2.新發(fā)明介紹 (新發(fā)明參數(shù)、性能、工作原理或特殊之 處) 新發(fā)明的介紹多位于中間段,考查與其工作原理、產(chǎn)品性能等相關(guān)的長難句。正確選項是對信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,而干擾項多是含有文中某些原詞,但是替換了關(guān)鍵信息,或張冠李戴或擴大縮小范圍。此類題目需要學(xué)生謹慎、認真、有耐性,同時有分析長難句的能力。
考查要點 方法技巧
3.專家或科研人員評論(新發(fā)明的前景希望或?qū)嵺`意義) 專家或團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的評價多位于結(jié)尾段。答案信息多來自“researchers hope,expect,wish,in the future, apply,use”這些詞之后的陳述。正確選項也多是這些陳述的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
4.標題或文章出處 文后第四題還經(jīng)常考查文章的標題選擇、文章出處或者是問題解決所反映的道理。這類題目的正確選項會高度概括文章的中心,或根據(jù)文章的中心判斷其出處。干擾項通常含有文中的個別原詞,但是會替換關(guān)鍵詞,混淆學(xué)生視線;或擴大縮小指代范圍;或只是提及文章某個方面,以偏概全。
[典例](2022全國乙卷,C)
Can a small group of drones(無人機) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.(提出問題:無人機可以應(yīng)用到鐵路領(lǐng)域嗎 )
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.(給出答案28:無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。它們完全可以被用來做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面)
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.(給出答案29:無人機的協(xié)助可以避免鐵路維修過程中的危險)
By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks,drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(給出答案30:通過最新技術(shù),無人機可以提前預(yù)警鐵路危險狀況,工程師們正在研究一個新概念:未來的鐵路無人機)
28.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
30.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
31.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
語篇解讀
本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù),無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時,幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元,無人機將改變鐵路的未來。
語篇圖解
思路點撥
28.考查新產(chǎn)品性能。 根據(jù)第二段中“Drones are already being used...tracks and switching points.”可知,無人機現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用來檢測高壓電力線路,它們可以被用來做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路以及鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面。故選　 　項。
29.考查新產(chǎn)品性能。根據(jù)下文“It is calculated that European...the rail infrastructure.”可知,maintenance指的是下文中的“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”。故　 　項正確。
A
C
30.考查新產(chǎn)品前景希望。根據(jù)最后一段中“Engineers are now working on...would be able to react in time.”可知,鐵路無人機有望提前發(fā)出警報,使高速列車可以及時采取措施應(yīng)對危險因素,避免事故發(fā)生。故　 　項正確。
31.考查標題歸納。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Can a small group of...save billions of euros each year ”和下文對無人機在鐵路領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用的介紹以及對未來無人機的發(fā)展展望可知,在未來,無人機將會保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性,或許會成為鐵路安全的新未來。故　 　項適合作為本文的標題。
A
D
(二)研究報告類
考查要點 方法技巧
1.研究背景 2.研究內(nèi)容、方法、結(jié)果 3.研究意義、展望、升華主題 1.研究背景多出現(xiàn)在第一段,引入話題。題型多為細節(jié)理解題,答案往往是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
2.研究內(nèi)容、方法和結(jié)果是說明的主體,介紹過程中經(jīng)常運用數(shù)字、舉例等說明方法。
3.研究的意義和展望經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在文章最后,是文章的點睛所在。
[典例](2023新課標Ⅱ卷,D)
As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you’re lucky,there might be a pocket park near where you live,but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(城市中很難接觸到自然環(huán)境)
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.(城市中的原生態(tài)自然環(huán)境極為重要)
The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding (編碼) experiences into different categories.(研究的方法)For example,one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “l(fā)istening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.(研究的結(jié)果) After the coding of all submissions,half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife,walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language,which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.(研究的意義)For example,the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,”(突出保護自然生態(tài)的重要性) said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study.
32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
33.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A.To compare different types of park-goers.
B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyze the main features of the park.
D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
35.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A.Language study.
B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education.
D.Intercultural communication.
語篇解讀
本文是一篇說明文。作者通過對一項新的研究結(jié)果及其過程的描述,向讀者介紹了與大自然互動對人類健康的重要性,同時也指出要保護大自然。
語篇圖解
思路點撥
32.考查研究背景。 根據(jù)第一段中的“access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find”以及“it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild”可知,在城市里很難接觸大自然。故　 　項正確。
33.考查研究方法。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of categories...began to emerge.”可知,研究人員這樣做是為了從訪客的總結(jié)材料中找出類別規(guī)律。故　 　項正確。
B
D
34.考查研究的意義。根據(jù)第五段所舉的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break”可知,年輕的職業(yè)人士周末可以在公園徒步旅行,在工作日可以沿著噴泉散步,用不同的形式去體驗自然,即同樣的與自然的互動體驗會有不同的表現(xiàn)形式。故　 　項正確。
35.考查主題的升華。根據(jù)最后一段Kahn的話“And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知,人們在與大自然互動以前需要保護自然,故　 　項正確。
C
B
課堂應(yīng)用
A(2024浙江1月卷,D)
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat,selected by the child,was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We’re not tempted (誘惑) by sugary treats,but by our computers,phones,and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world,and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us,dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories,we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor,so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轟炸) with new information.Therefore,just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption,we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption,resisting the temptation of mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。在信息化時代,我們作為成年人每天都在面對“棉花糖測試”,信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”,文章對此進行了介紹。
1.What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A.Take an examination alone.
B.Show respect for the researchers.
C.Share their treats with others.
D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
答案 D
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,they would be given a second treat.”可知,在米歇爾的測試中,孩子們需要在吃之前等待15分鐘才能得到第二次獎勵。
2.According to paragraph 3,there is a mismatch between 　　　.
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
答案 C
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us,dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories,we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.”可知,豐富的食物供應(yīng)和我們不曾改變的大腦之間存在不匹配。
3.What does the author suggest readers do
A.Absorb new information readily.
B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources.
D.Protect the information environment.
答案 B
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Therefore,just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption,we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption,resisting the temptation of mental ‘junk food’ in order to manage our time most effectively.”可知,作者建議讀者做有選擇性的信息消費者。
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Eat Less,Read More
B.The Bitter Truth About Early Humans
C.The Later,the Better
D.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
答案 D
解析 主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文,尤其第二段內(nèi)容可知,文章主要是講在信息化時代,我們作為成年人每天都在面對棉花糖測試,信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。
B(2022全國乙卷,D)
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.However,data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content.
However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (設(shè)施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。英國從2016年開始對軟飲料制造商征收“糖稅”,這個做法是為了確保兒童的身體健康。事實證明,截至目前,該政策已經(jīng)卓有成效。
5.Why was the sugar tax introduced
A.To collect money for schools.
B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C.To protect children’s health.
D.To encourage research in education.
答案 C
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,向制造商征收“糖稅”的目的是幫助減少兒童肥胖問題,也就是為了保護兒童健康。故選C項。
6.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A.They turned to overseas markets.
B.They raised the prices of their products.
C.They cut down on their production.
D.They reduced their products’ sugar content.
答案 D
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知,一些飲料制造商為了避免繳納“糖稅”,設(shè)法減少飲料的含糖量。故選D項。
7.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A.Most alcoholic drinks.
B.Milk-based drinks.
C.Fruit juices.
D.Classic Coke.
答案 D
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知,A、B、C三項都是免稅的,只有經(jīng)典可樂接受了要繳納“糖稅”這件事。故選D項。
8.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A.It is a short-sighted decision.
B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers.
D.It upsets customers.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,推行“糖稅”迫使一些軟飲料制造商減少了產(chǎn)品中糖的含量,而繳納的稅費被用于增加學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和為學(xué)生提供更加健康的飲食。由此推斷,這種做法非常成功。故選B項。
文體4　議論文
議論文,也叫說理文,是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出主張的文體。作者通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非等方法,來確定其觀點的正確或錯誤,樹立或否定某種主張。議論文的三要素是論點、論據(jù)和論證。論點是一篇文章的靈魂、統(tǒng)帥;論據(jù)是支撐論點的材料;論證是用論據(jù)來證明論點的方法和過程。
(2023新課標Ⅰ卷,D)
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(轉(zhuǎn)折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
　　　.
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
34.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear.　　　　 B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
語篇解讀
沒有人是一座孤島,文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實驗表明,在某些情況下大量獨立估計的平均值可能是相當準確的。
語篇圖解
思路點撥
32.根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的,各不相同的誤差平均在一起,相互抵消就會產(chǎn)生更準確的估計,討論了獨立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準確的預(yù)測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故　 　項正確。
33.根據(jù)第二段的“In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.”和第三段的“The key finding of the study...the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.”可知,人們在沒有獨立的情況下,分成更小群體,平均值是更準確的,說明即使在估計數(shù)字并非完全獨立的情況下,提高準確率也是可以做到的。故　 　項正確。
B
D
34.根據(jù)第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds ”可知,在后續(xù)研究中,研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實際做了什么。結(jié)合文中提出的兩個問題可知,后續(xù)研究的重點是小組內(nèi)的討論過程。故
　 　項正確。
35.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知,作者認為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題,但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故　 　項正確。
C
D
課堂應(yīng)用
A(2024九省聯(lián)考,C)
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People,Dale Carnegie wrote:“I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common,but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights,which is how we often think of them.Like physical fights,verbal(言語的) fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win,you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like,say,tennis tournaments.Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered.Everybody else loses.This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However,there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position,formulate(闡述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand,ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully.Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections (異議) and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort,but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people,learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文,作者闡述了爭論的意義和贏得爭論的方法。
1.What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A.Critical.　 B.Supportive.
C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.
答案 A
解析 推理判斷題。第一段作者提到卡耐基看待爭論的態(tài)度是:贏得爭論的唯一辦法就是避免爭論,接著作者說道“This distaste for arguments is common,but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems”,即作者認為厭惡爭論(或避免爭論)是源自對爭論有錯誤的看法,并在第二段分析了這種錯誤看法,即若把爭論看作是打架或競爭,結(jié)果只能是兩敗俱傷,沒有贏家。由此可知,作者對卡耐基對爭論的看法是批判性的, A項正確。
2.Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A.They lack debating skills.
B.They may feel bad even if they win.
C.They fear being ignored.
D.They are not confident of themselves.
答案 B
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Like physical fights,verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win,you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions”可知,作者認為把爭論看作是打架或競爭的結(jié)果是兩敗俱傷,再結(jié)合第二段最后一句“This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.”可知,很多人盡量避免爭論是因為即使贏了也會有糟糕的感受,故B項正確。
3.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Defend. B.Explain.
C.Conclude. D.Repeat.
答案 B
解析 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的and可知,spell out their argument與ask them to give you a reason for their view是并列關(guān)系,spell out的意思與give a reason的意思接近或順承g(shù)ive a reason的意思,再結(jié)合畫線詞后面的“Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.”以及最后一段尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞a reasoned exchange可知,雙方的交流方式是各自給出自己的觀點和理由,然后傾聽對方的觀點和理由,由此推斷spell out的意思與explain最接近。
4.What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A.Sense of logic.
B.Solid supporting evidence.
C.Proper manners.
D.Understanding from both sides.
答案 D
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段尤其是最后一句“If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to ‘win’ an argument.”可知,獲得彼此的尊重和理解是“贏得”爭論的關(guān)鍵,故D項是正確答案。
B(2024全國甲卷,D)
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of undergraduate,and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot,and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie,with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course,I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver,but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an ah-ha moment for me,and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on,if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy,I’d pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess,I’d pick up a mystery(懸疑).One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable,but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere,one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue(期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.If it’s short stories,Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。本文的作者從自己的閱讀體驗出發(fā),認識到結(jié)局應(yīng)適合角色而非僅追求快樂,這對寫作結(jié)局有重要啟示。
5.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie
A.To discuss a novel.
B.To submit a book report.
C.To argue for a writer.
D.To ask for a reading list.
答案 A
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“I didn’t like the ending”可知,作者跟教授說自己不喜歡一本小說的結(jié)尾。結(jié)合第一段第三句可知,作者剛剛讀完《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》這本小說,其結(jié)尾令人心碎。由此推測,作者是為了和教授探討一本小說。
6.What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie
A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B.Readers are often carried away by characters.
C.Each type of literature has its unique ending.
D.A story which begins well will end well.
答案 C
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“This was an ah-ha moment for me,and I never thought about endings the same way again.”以及下文所羅列出來的不同文學(xué)作品的不同結(jié)尾可知,作者意識到每種類型的文學(xué)作品都有其獨特的結(jié)尾。
7.What is expected of a good ending
A.It satisfies readers’ taste.
B.It fits with the story development.
C.It is usually positive.
D.It is open for imagination.
答案 B
解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句“You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable,but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere,one that fits what’s right for the characters.”可知,一個好的結(jié)尾不能顯得突兀,必須符合人物的設(shè)定,必須與故事的發(fā)展相匹配。
8.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims
A.To give examples of great novelists.
B.To stress the theme of this issue.
C.To encourage writing for the magazine.
D.To recommend their new books.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.”可知,這兩位作家都提出了關(guān)于如何寫出最佳結(jié)尾的建議——這與本期雜志的主題相關(guān)。由此推測,本文作者提到這兩位作家的目的是強調(diào)本期雜志的主題。

展開更多......

收起↑