資源簡介

選擇性必修第一冊Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction
（教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)）
主題語境：人與社會
語篇類型：說明文
授課時長：一課時（40分鐘）
文本分析
What
本節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容第一部分是關(guān)于英國汽車使用的現(xiàn)狀和過度的汽車使用對環(huán)境造成的致命影響；第二部分是介紹了專家給出的五點(diǎn)綠色出行建議。本節(jié)課還補(bǔ)充了一篇中國政府為解決城市交通問題和為打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)所采取的措施的英文閱讀文章。
Why
隨著社會的快速發(fā)展，人們對汽車的依賴性是越來越強(qiáng)。汽車的過度使用對路面交通和環(huán)境帶來巨大的問題，特別是因?yàn)榻煌ê涂諝馕廴舅劳龅娜藬?shù)也越來越多。人類必須重視此問題，并做出改變。這也是本課毀滅之路的教學(xué)目的。為了把英國和中國的共同汽車問題進(jìn)行文化對比，本節(jié)課還加入一篇互文閱讀文章。
How
本課通過對話和第一人稱的寫作手法展示文本話題的普遍性和真實(shí)性。在說明汽車過度使用危害的時候列舉了大量數(shù)據(jù)以證明危害之大。文本的寫作風(fēng)格很口語化，語言和句式也很簡單明了。正是因?yàn)楸疚拈喿x對于學(xué)生沒有任何挑戰(zhàn)，所以本節(jié)課加入了一篇中國相關(guān)問題的文章，以便培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化意識。
學(xué)情分析
學(xué)生基本狀況：上課班級為高二年級學(xué)生，學(xué)生們的英語學(xué)習(xí)熱情較高，英語水平在同年級里相對很突出，能夠主動思考和善于提問，喜歡合作討論，課堂氣氛活躍，但是關(guān)于英國汽車的使用狀況以及汽車對環(huán)境造成的破壞程度背景知識了解甚少。通過閱讀文本，學(xué)生們會很快了解這些事實(shí)性信息。
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
在本課結(jié)束時，學(xué)生能夠：
1.獲取英國汽車使用的數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)以及過度使用汽車所帶來的惡果等事實(shí)性信息；
2.提取英國環(huán)保專家所倡導(dǎo)的個人綠色出行建議及益處；
3.獲取中國政府為解決城市交通問題和為打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)所采取的措施；
4.以己之長，用己所學(xué)寫一封信，體現(xiàn)公民的社會擔(dān)當(dāng)。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
學(xué)生在閱讀完英國汽車使用的現(xiàn)狀和所帶來的系列問題之后，能夠提取出互文閱讀文本中中國政府在相關(guān)問題上所采取的有效措施。
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
學(xué)生能夠站在不同角色的立場上全面而客觀地分析問題和思考解決問題的有效措施，尤其能夠從自身角度思考個人的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)。
教學(xué)資源
教材、多媒體課件、學(xué)案、補(bǔ)充互文閱讀、黑板和粉筆
教學(xué)過程
教學(xué)目標(biāo) 教學(xué)活動與步驟 設(shè)計(jì)意圖 評價要點(diǎn) 時間與互動模式
1.獲取英國汽車使用的大數(shù)據(jù)以及過度使用汽車所帶來的惡果等事實(shí)性信息 I. Activate and share 1.Do Ex.2 on P58 to make a prediction about car uses in Britain. 2.Ask ss to talk about their means of transport to school. II. Read and explore 1.Read the text and summarize the main ideas and layout (problem-solving structure). 2.Think about proper ways to solve the problem of car overuse in different angles. I.創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，引出話題 II.1閱讀全文，概括大意，識別結(jié)構(gòu) 2.小組分享智慧和進(jìn)行同伴學(xué)習(xí) I.通過課前的預(yù)測答案和讀后的信息比對，檢測學(xué)生的信息提取準(zhǔn)確性 II.1.通過Ex.4 on P60的表格練習(xí)，檢測學(xué)生信息整合的合理性 2.小組活動可以同伴互學(xué)和互評 IW 1’ CW 3’ CW 5’ GW’4
2.提取英國環(huán)保專家提出的個人綠色出行建議及益處 III. Think and discuss 1.Analyse the expert’s advice and its benefits. 2.Discuss the feasibility or efficiency of the advice. 3.Let ss help the author abstain from car addition. 1.通過認(rèn)知沖突，進(jìn)行信息篩選和增強(qiáng)認(rèn)知。 2.內(nèi)化知識和實(shí)踐運(yùn)用 1.通過分析和討論，增加學(xué)生對建議的認(rèn)可度和接受度 2.通過合作學(xué)習(xí)，開闊思維，提高溝通能力 IW 5’ GW 4’ CW 3’
3.獲取中國政府為解決城市交通問題和為打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)所采取的措施 IV. Read and explore 1.Read an additional text about China’s measures of controlling transport and air pollution. 2.Make a list of effective measures implemented in Beijing. V. Think and share 1.Integrate different measures that ss have learned in class and think about proper ways to solve the problem of car overuse in different angles. IV.進(jìn)行互文閱讀， 學(xué)習(xí)新知 V．運(yùn)用本課所獲取的全部知識再次完成II.2.提出的問題 1.全班共同完成閱讀理解任務(wù)，檢測學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和高度概括能力 2.互文閱讀搭建中英文化對比的平臺，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化意識 IW 5’ CW 3’ CW’5
4.寫一封信，體現(xiàn)公民的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng) VI. Homework 1)Write a letter to the British writer to help her think of some ways to get rid of car addiction and use cars less. 2)Your British pen pal Jack asked about what the Beijing government has been doing to solve traffic jams in rush hours. You write a reply to Jack to introduce what Beijing is doing to solve the traffic congestion problem. 3)Write a letter to UN Environment(聯(lián)合國環(huán)境署)to introduce what Beijingers have been doing to reduce traffic pollution. 4)Write a letter to Beijing Traffic Management Bureau to put forward some ideas or suggestions to solve the local traffic congestion problem. VI.尊重學(xué)生的真實(shí)想法，給予學(xué)生不同任務(wù)的選擇權(quán)，最后達(dá)到實(shí)踐運(yùn)用和遷移創(chuàng)新的目的 作業(yè)的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不唯一，但是需要客觀反映學(xué)生的真實(shí)想法。本著實(shí)事求是的原則，讓學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的特長和實(shí)際情況力所能及社會做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。課堂的學(xué)習(xí)和課后的行動是知行合一的。 CW 2’
教學(xué)反思
1.教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)注重語言和文化的融合
整合單元主題意義相關(guān)內(nèi)容，比較和補(bǔ)充中國文化的學(xué)習(xí)材料，通過文化比較和文化價值分析，促成學(xué)生文化自信的培養(yǎng)。同時，借助教材的多模態(tài)形式探索有效的英語學(xué)習(xí)活動，達(dá)成英語課堂的語言、文化和思維的一體發(fā)展。
2. 從學(xué)情出發(fā)，尊重學(xué)生的個體差異和學(xué)生的實(shí)際獲得
在作業(yè)設(shè)置上，通過給予學(xué)生自主選擇權(quán)，按照自己的所學(xué)所得給不同的對象寫信，提出解決交通問題的合理化建議。這種方式可以拓展學(xué)生的思維廣度，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注不同群體和組織所承擔(dān)的社會責(zé)任，同時，也審視個人的行為，為保護(hù)環(huán)境貢獻(xiàn)出自己的一份力量。
3. 互動閱讀理解理論提升高階思維品質(zhì)
補(bǔ)充閱讀材料，進(jìn)行互文信息閱讀，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行有意義的、主動的深度學(xué)習(xí)：滿足學(xué)生的認(rèn)知需求。對不同文化背景下的相同話題進(jìn)行對比，可以吸收和轉(zhuǎn)化各個文本內(nèi)容。提出問題，引發(fā)思考，發(fā)揮學(xué)生的愛思考和愛表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行閱讀理解后的反思，培養(yǎng)審辨性思維, 鼓勵學(xué)生深入思考并形成新觀點(diǎn)。
課文原文
選擇性必修第一冊 Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction
Part 1
“This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown. More roadworks on the A10!”
“Oh really It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.”
How often have you heard these conversations How often do we get stuck in traffic jams How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry For many people, the answer is every day. But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially. Here are some figures about Britain:
● In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up by 25%. There are now 32 million cars.
● Over the last decade, an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
● Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.
● Almost 30,000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
● Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
Part 2
We know that cars are bad for us. But we all make excuses: “The buses are terrible”; “The trains are always late”; “I haven’t got time to walk”. I’m talking about myself, too. To be frank, I’m addicted to my car. When I asked Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace for advice about how to give up, she told me five things:
● Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres. Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!
● Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what You can relax, read a book, talk to someone — who knows
● Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town What about the shops around the corner Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.
● Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
● Take action! We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is. If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don’t just sit around and complain!
All quite simple, isn’t it Five easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I’m sorry I have to finish this article, but I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm. Then I’ve got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping. After that, I have to take my son to a party. The traffic is going to be horrible, but what can I do
互文閱讀
How Beijing turns its sky blue
Years of efforts have paid off. Beijing now breathes in better quality air.
By the end of 2018, the annual average concentration (濃度) of the three major pollutants－ PM10, SO2 and NO2－h(huán)ad decreased by 59 percent, 95 percent and 43 percent, respectively, compared to 1998, even as the population, local GDP and the number of vehicles kept growing over the years.
UN Environment released a report on Beijing's 20 years' air pollution control process in March, 2019, indicating that "no other city on the planet has realized that rapid air pollution reduction".
Reviewing the air pollution control track, Beijing has formulated the most comprehensive, systematic and strict air pollution control regulations and has made good use of scientific support, combined with advanced experience at home and abroad, and local realities.
First, Beijing issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Ecological Environmental Protection and Resolutely Fighting the Battle against Pollution in Beijing, which formulates a division of responsibilities and strengthens assessment and inspection. Since 2013, Beijing's Three-year Plan on Defending the Blue Sky, and various annual action plans have focused on dealing with governance, management, emergency response and regional coordination. Beijing's decision to apply legal, economic, scientific, and administrative means is also a comprehensive attempt to promote the coordinated management of multiple pollutants.
Second, Beijing targets the focal point and tackles the problem precisely. Air pollution is fallout (附帶后果) of development mode, economic structure and consumption pattern. The solution is to focus on major pollution sources and reduce emission with determination.
In recent years, the government has taken the help of scientific support to tackle pollution from coal combustion (燃燒), vehicles, industry and dust, based on the results of PM2.5 source appointment results. For example, the government strictly controls vehicle emission pollution by integrated measures covering strict emission standards, fuel quality standard, and on-road restriction, aiming to reduce pollution while also finding a solution to the traffic congestion problem. The government has planned for more extended metro and bus networks to reduce intense use of private cars.
There is a long way to go for Beijing in fighting air pollution. Further plans are under development for achieving the air quality standards.
（文章改編自Chen Tian | China Daily Global | Updated: 2019-09-23）
學(xué)生課后作業(yè)反饋
1.Write a letter to the British writer to help her think of some ways to get rid of car addiction and use cars less.
Student 1:
Dear Madam,
I have heard that you have been bothered by the addiction of using cars for a long time. Therefore, I’m going to give you some suggestions.
First of all, you should have a clear understanding of your addiction. In my opinion, the first step of putting a bad habit to end is to accept it and gather enough courage to face it. Then I’ll give you some ways. For example, use substitutes. Try to find replacements for cars. If the journey is short, you can just walk. If the distance is too long, I believe taking the bus or subway can help. As the traffic improves day by day, it will cost less and less time to travel by public transportation. What’s more, make plan. Arrange a best route of your journey to drive less. In this way, you can get rid of the habit of driving while saving a lot of time. That’s one rock for two birds and it’s definitely worth a try.
Besides the physical ways, mental ways are also useful. For instance, it really helps to make a “driving calendar”, mark the days which cars are used. You will find that you are slowly escaping from the lure of cars. Confidence and motivation are gained through this process.
In a nutshell, with the help of these methods, I believe you will finally get rid of car addiction and use cars less.
2.Your British pen pal Jack asked about what the Beijing government has been doing to solve traffic jams in rush hours. You write a reply to Jack to introduce what Beijing is doing to solve the traffic congestion problem.
Student 2:
Dear Jack,
How is everything going As you said you were curious about what Beijing has been doing to solve traffic congestion on rush hours, I’m writing back to give you some information.
As you know, traffic jams in metropolitan are prevalent, which is a serious problem for not only the workers but also the governments. To solve this problem, Beijing has formulated regulations from two main aspects.
The first aspect is to reduce the vehicles on the road. Beijing restricts the amount of car numbers by issuing a regulation of car restrictions running on the road. Every car is forbidden to drive on the road one day per week based on the car plate number.
The second aspect is to enhance the public traffic system. Beijing now has a more complete metro system, so it is easy to go out by subway now, as there won’t be any congestion under the ground. What’s more, Beijing encourages the using of sharing bicycle and many teenagers are now interested in it.
In my opinion, although there are still many traffic congestions in rush hours, I believe the situation of Beijing’s traffic will be better. If there is anything you are eager to know more, feel free to ask me. I’ll do my best to help you.
3.Write a letter to UN Environment(聯(lián)合國環(huán)境署)to introduce what Beijingers have been doing to reduce traffic pollution.
Student 3:
Respectful Sir and Madam in UN Environment,
Nowadays, with the rapid development of our society, lying in front of us is an increasingly severe problems abut pollution, particularly the ones related to traffic pollution. I am writing this letter to show what I have been doing and convey the significance of all my actions.
As a high school student, I have been performing a series of things under my capability. First of all, at a personal level, I usually make full use of my legs to reach near destination. Jogging or walking is definitely worthwhile compared to always taking private vehicles. Secondly, if it’s a little bit far for me to go, I prefer to take public transport such as subway, shared bikes and buses, etc. rather than driving. Besides applying low-carbon ways of going by myself, I also call on and advocate people around me to take a try on it, ranging from my family members, neighbours to classmates. Individual efforts may not work much, and only with joint efforts, can we make great differences.
The above actions are not so great, but keeping on them does count. When it comes to significance, for one thing, I firmly believe that trying best to get involved in solving pollution helps to create better life for me and fills me up with a sense of pride and satisfaction, for another, it aims at reaching harmony between humans and nature and is bound to build a bright future when everyone can embrace a pollution-free word.
4.Write a letter to Beijing Traffic Management Bureau to put forward some ideas or suggestions to solve the local traffic congestion problem.
Student 4:
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to voice my ideas about the local traffic congestion problems.
Nowadays, people working or living in Beijing often complain about the heavy traffic. Growing levels of traffic jams have seriously affected people’s daily life. To tackle this problem, I’d like to put forward some advice.
To begin with, there are three suggestions for the urban construction. Firstly, streets and roads should be widened. In this way, we can speed up the low of vehicles. Furthermore, there should be more bus lanes which cannot be used by other cars. Meanwhile, the underground requires a faster development.
Then comes some advice on the policy. In my viewpoint, I honestly deem that it’s significant to put the number of private cars under control. So, traffic restriction and license plate lottery system will be a wide choice.
Lastly, the most important thing is to arouse citizen’s awareness of choosing an eco-friendly way. We can urge motorists to walk, cycle or take public transport when they go out.
I sincerely ask you to take my suggestions into account, and I really appreciate it if they can help reduce traffic jams. Hope terrible traffic problems can be solved in the near future.

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