資源簡介

(共48張PPT)
第1講　破解讀后續寫2大策略
策略一　熟知評分標準
策略二　遵循4步解題
目 錄 索 引
01
02
考情表解
卷別 年份 原文文體 主題 原文詞數
主題語境 主題內容 新課標Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷 2024 記敘文 人與社會 與出租車司機的誠信之約 325
2023 記敘文 人與自我 老師幫助作者培養寫作興趣 318
2022 記敘文 人與自我 鼓勵殘疾學生參加越野賽跑 308
命題趨勢
讀后續寫所選材料以記敘文為主,且具有一定的故事性、趣味性和延展性,便于考生發揮想象力進行續寫。上下文連貫性較強,語言難度適中,便于考生感知、品讀和借鑒使用。給出續寫段落首句,在一定程度上限制著故事的發展方向,防止想象漫無邊際。
策略一　熟知評分標準
檔次 評分標準解讀
第七檔 (22—25分) ①內容新穎、豐富,富有邏輯,續寫完整,與原文情境融洽度高;
②詞匯和語法結構豐富恰當,語言錯誤少;
③上下文銜接有效,結構清晰,意義連貫。
第六檔 (18—21分) ①內容豐富、合理,較有邏輯性,續寫較為完整,與原文情境融洽度較高;
②詞匯和語法結構恰當,有個別錯誤;
③銜接手段比較有效,結構比較清晰,意義比較連貫。
檔次 評分標準解讀
第五檔 (15—17分) ①內容合理,有一定的邏輯性,續寫基本完整,與原文情境相關;
②詞匯和語法結構使用比較恰當,有些許錯誤;
③使用了銜接手段,結構比較清晰,意義比較連貫。
第四檔 (11—14分) ①內容完整,有些情節不合理或邏輯性不強,與原文基本相關;
②使用了簡單的詞匯和語法結構,有部分語言錯誤,個別部分影響理解;
③有銜接意識,結構基本清晰,意義基本連貫。
檔次 評分標準解讀
第三檔 (6—10分) ①內容和邏輯上有一些重大問題,續寫不夠完整,與原文有一定程度脫節;
②使用的詞匯有限、語法結構單調,錯誤多,影響理解;
③不能使用銜接手段,全文結構不夠清晰,意義欠連貫。
第二檔 (1—5分) ①內容和邏輯上有重大問題,內容抄自原文,續寫不完整,與原文基本脫節;
②使用的詞匯、語法結構有限,錯誤極多,嚴重影響理解;
③幾乎沒有使用銜接手段,全文結構不清晰,意義不連貫。
第一檔 (0分) 未作答;內容太少,無法評判;所寫內容全部抄自原文或與題目不相關。
評分細則
1.本題總分為25分,按七個檔次進行評分。
2.評分時,應主要從內容、詞匯語法和篇章結構三個方面考慮,具體為:
(1)續寫內容的質量、完整性以及與原文情境的融洽度;
(2)所使用詞匯和語法結構的準確性、恰當性和多樣性;
(3)上下文的銜接和全文的連貫性。
3.評分時,應先根據作答的整體情況確定其所屬的檔次,然后以該檔次的要求來綜合衡量,確定或調整檔次,最后給分。
4.評分時還應注意:
(1)詞數少于120的,酌情扣分;
(2)書寫較差以致影響交際的,酌情扣分;
(3)單詞拼寫和標點符號是寫作規范的重要方面,評分時應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮,英、美式拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
策略二　遵循4步解題
[典例印證](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
It was the day of the big cross-country run.Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路線) through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David,who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.He was small for ten years old.His usual big toothy smile was absent today.I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not,and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊惱).I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted,I turned to find him coming towards me,his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children,but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.It just took him longer—that’s all.David had not missed a single practice,and although he always finished his run long after the other children,he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school,I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意:1.續寫詞數應為150左右;
2.請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
We sat down next to each other,but David wouldn’t look at me.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
步驟一 讀透文本
1.主題分析
通過原文和續寫段首句可知:
本文講述了小學生David因腦疾無法像常人一樣跑步,害怕被嘲笑而決定放棄準備已久的越野跑,在特殊教育老師“我”的鼓勵下,最終成功完成越野跑的故事。故事的主題是“直面挑戰,超越自我”。
續寫中的人物塑造、情節發展和環境描寫需緊扣故事主題。
2.情節分析
①情節結構分析
按照沖突(conflict)→行動(action)→解決(resolution)的結構模式分析:
本文的情節結構是David怕被嘲笑,決定不參加越野跑(沖突)→在“我”的鼓勵下,David決定勇敢面對挑戰、參加越野跑(行動)→David經過努力,成功完成越野跑(解決)。
②情節線索分析
原文展示了故事的“沖突”部分,續寫兩段分別為故事的“行動”和“解決”部分。故事圍繞David是否參加越野跑展開。越野跑是故事的情節線索之一。根據原文,David 因害怕被嘲笑而決定不參加越野跑,但事實上他在賽前刻苦訓練,為越野跑全力以赴,經過“我”的鼓勵,David決定直面挑戰并成功完成比賽。
David的情感變化是故事的另一個情節線索,從跑前到跑后,David 有以下情感變化:determined(訓練時)→afraid of being laughed at(越野跑前) →determined(經過“我”的鼓勵)→proud(越野跑后)。
續寫兩段的內容需圍繞越野跑和David的心理變化展開。
③情節安排技巧分析
在原文中,David雖因腦疾無法像其他孩子一樣正常跑步,但每次練習都全力以赴、做到最好。該情節(He had worked so hard for this event!...He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing...David had not missed a single practice,and although he always finished his run long after the other children,he did always finish.)為David最終成功完成越野跑埋下了伏筆。
續寫第一段中“我”對David 的鼓勵應與原文中David想參加越野跑但害怕被嘲笑的情節呼應。續寫第二段中 David越野跑中的具體表現應與原文中他因腦疾而跑步困難的情節呼應。
3.人物分析
①主次人物及人物關系分析
根據原文和續寫兩段的段首句可知,David 和“我”是故事的主要人物,二人是師生關系;教練和其他同學是次要人物。
根據續寫兩段的段首句可知,在續寫第一段中,會出現主要人物David和“我”。在續寫第二段中,David和“我”仍然是主要人物,次要人物(教練和其他同學)可能會出現。
②人物特點分析
根據插敘內容(David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children...)與David的外貌(He was small for ten years old.)、動作(his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward)和神態(His usual big toothy smile was absent today.),可以總結出David“身殘志堅”的人物形象。
根據原文中關于“我”(walked over and asked,quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach,bit back my frustration,was proud of his strong determination)和次要人物(the coach meant well,his classmates thought of him as a regular kid)的描寫,可以總結出大家對David的關愛。
在續寫中,應根據主次人物的特點進行合理的人物刻畫。David 在前文中的形象是“身殘志堅”,續寫中可以從這一人物特點出發設計David 比賽過程中的具體表現。
4.環境分析
根據原文和續寫段首句可知,故事的“沖突”和“行動”部分發生在孩子們去參加越野跑經過的常綠林(evergreen forest)中,故事的“解決”部分發生在越野跑線路上。
5.表達技巧分析
①語言技巧分析
故事采用第一人稱視角,使用了記敘(包括順敘和插敘)和描寫的表達方式。
②語言特點分析
故事語言通俗易懂,形象生動。語篇長短句結合,包含簡單句、并列句和復合句(如定語從句、賓語從句和狀語從句)三大基本句型,詞匯豐富,銜接自然。續寫時應注意保持語言特點的統一,可適當使用高級句式。
步驟二 構思情節
1.構思續寫兩段情節
根據故事的主題、情節、人物和環境分析,原文呈現了故事的“沖突”部分:David 怕被嘲笑,決定不參加越野跑。續寫兩段分別是故事的“行動”和“解決”部分:在“我”的鼓勵下,David決定勇敢面對挑戰,參加越野跑(行動) →David經過努力,成功完成越野跑(解決)。
2.構思續寫“四點”內容
通過續寫兩段的段首句,可以確定每段故事的情節發展、場景和人物。
Paragraph 1:We sat down next to each other,but David wouldn’t look at me.
①根據第一段段首句可知,本段故事場景為越野跑賽場下,接下來“我”要和David進行溝通,鼓勵他參加越野跑。
②根據第二段段首句可知,在第一段結尾處,David 改變想法,決定參加越野跑。
Paragraph 2:I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
①根據第二段段首句可知,本段故事場景為越野跑線路上,接下來應該是David參加越野跑的具體表現。
②根據故事主題和情節結構分析,段尾應該是David成功完成越野跑的場景。
3.構思續寫段落細節
續寫第一段情節構思:
展開細節時,可以嘗試回答如下問題并考慮多種可能性:
①What did I say to encourage David to join the cross-country run
②How did David react to my encouragement
③What was David’s decision after the talk
根據以上問題,續寫第一段的具體情節可以是:“我”通過分析David很想參加越野跑卻害怕被嘲笑的心理,鼓勵他勇敢面對挑戰、超越自我→David 在“我”的鼓勵下由消極變得積極→David下定決心參加越野跑(堅定)。
續寫第二段情節構思:
展開細節并照應主題時,可以嘗試回答如下問題并考慮多種可能性:
①What difficulty did David have in the cross-country run
②How did people react to David’s performance in the run
③What was the result of the cross-country run
根據以上問題,續寫第二段的具體情節可以是:David在越野跑中落后或出現意外情況(緊張/擔心)→他人對David的鼓勵和關愛→David成功完成越野跑(興奮/自豪)。
步驟三 打磨寫作
1.創作初稿:
We sat down next to each other,but David wouldn’t look at me.I knew he feared that others might laugh at him.I comforted and encouraged him.After hearing my words,David made his decision to run.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. Some students from other schools looked at him curiously.David’s schoolmates welcomed him.David fell over because of the slippery mud but he got up and continued.Finally he crossed the finishing line and I was proud of him.
2.優化初稿:
We sat down next to each other,but David wouldn’t look at me.His confidence was in danger of bursting like a bubble.It was clear that he feared he would be judged for his appearance rather than his character.Knowing David trusted me,I cleared my throat and said,“Beautiful forest,isn’t it ” Slowly and curiously,he raised his head and looked around.I continued,“That’s because those trees never stop reaching for the sky,regardless of their position or shape.They never let others define them.”On hearing this,David got up without a word.But there was a sparkle in his eyes.He had made a decision.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. He received curious glances from runners from other schools but a warm welcome from his schoolmates.Then came a shot from the starting pistol and David dashed forward.The slippery mud threw him off balance,but he got up with determination.Seeing him disappear into the woods,I headed for the destination with the school’s coach.Many runners withdrew from the race along the way,but not David.He bounded and hobbled and plodded towards the finishing line,where the audience cheered loudly as he crossed.I felt proud to see that big,toothy smile back on his face.
【名師點評】
1.初稿第一段開頭提到David的擔心的狀態。優化后的內容使用了比喻的修辭手法,形象生動地展現了David 對自己沒有信心的狀態(...was in danger of bursting like a bubble)并加入了 “我”的心理描寫 (It was clear that he feared...),使得David和“我”的人物形象更加真實飽滿。
2.優化后的第一段中,非謂語動詞結構“Knowing David trusted me”的使用,描寫了“我”的內心感受。此處非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語,提升了句式多樣性。
3.初稿第一段中描述“我”安慰和鼓勵David時寫到“I comforted and encouraged him.”,這是概括性的敘述。可以將這一場景展開,加入一些細節描寫,如“I cleared my throat”并展現“我”在安慰和鼓勵David 的過程中說的具體內容:“我”以常綠林為例,鼓勵David不要被他人定義。要像這些樹一樣努力成長。整個過程十分應景,與前文內容聯系自然緊密。
4.優化后的第一段加入了在“我”安慰和鼓勵David的過程中,David 的動作描寫(...he raised his head and looked around;David got up without a word)和神態描寫(But there was a sparkle in his eyes)。通過這些側面描寫展現了David在整個過程中的情緒變化,畫面感很強。
5.初稿第二段開頭,在看到David入場后,外校學生和本校學生有不同的反應。優化的內容在展現外校學生的反應時加入了神態描寫(curious glances),呼應了前文,優化后的第二段在表現David的比賽過程時,從最開始的David向前沖“dashed forward”到后來摔倒“The slippery mud threw him off balance”再到最后堅定地站起來“got up with determination”,一系列的動作描寫將David參賽的過程展現得栩栩如生,也凸顯了David不懼困難、堅定的性格特點。
6.優化后的第二段中,非謂語動詞結構“Seeing him disappear into the woods”的使用,自然銜接了前后的場景變化(賽場上和賽場下),使得內容過渡自然。
7.優化后的第二段使用多個動詞展現了David沖過終點線的場景,例如“bounded”“hobbled”“plodded”,將整個畫面呈現在讀者面前,同時也表現出David 跑步時的艱難狀態,呼應了前文中David的跑步狀態“...his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.”。
8.優化后的第二段結尾,通過“我”的心理描寫“I felt proud to see...”升華了主題,同時照應了前文中“我”對David 的看法“...proud of his strong determination”。而最后David的臉上又有了他的“big,toothy smile”更是呼應了前文中“His usual big toothy smile was absent today.”的情節,使得整個文章的內容前后非常連貫。
步驟四 認真謄寫
【多樣表達】
We sat down next to each other,but David wouldn’t look at me.I reached out my hand and patted him on the shoulder gently,saying that he was a great boy with a strong determination and that faced with difficulties he always tried his best to overcome them.David gradually raised his head.Looking him in the eye,I told him not to give up after he had trained a lot.He nodded with gratitude and stood up.I hugged him tightly and then he walked away slowly but firmly.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. When the run began,he looked back over his shoulder and waved at me with confidence.At the same time,his usual big toothy smile appeared on his face again.Though he ran slower than others,he kept on running and running.No kids from other schools made fun of him.Instead,all present cheered him on and admired his courage and strong will.To my relief,it was through this run that David became much stronger.
課堂應用
運用四步法完成下列讀后續寫:
(2024新課標Ⅰ卷)
I met Gunter on a cold,wet and unforgettable evening in September.I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.The moment I got off the plane,I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was going,but he said he hadn’t heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation was the problem,so I explained again more slowly,but he still looked confused.When I was about to give up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century,Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally,with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully,there was a long queue(隊列)still waiting to board the bus.Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus,turned around,and looked at me with a big smile on his face.“We made it,” he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.He tried it several times,but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment,Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There,at the entrance,was a cash machine.I jumped out of the car,made a mad run for the machine,and popped my card in,only to read the message:“Out of order.Sorry.”
注意:
(1)續寫詞數應為150個左右;
(2)請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.



Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised.



參考范文
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.Learning that the cash machine was out of order,he thought for a while and cracked a smile,saying, “Forget the fare,please.Just catch your bus.” His words hit me just like a ray of sunshine on the cold and wet evening.I just didn’t know how to describe my feelings.Filled with excitement and gratitude,I expressed my sincere thanks to him and promised that I would repay him after returning to Vienna after the conference.And then we exchanged phone numbers and waved goodbye.
Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised. After he answered my phone,I told him without his help,I would have missed my conference.Hearing I wanted to see him and repay the taxi fare,Gunter said, “You are an honest man.But please keep the money.” I insisted.So he said if I really desired to repay him,next time I saw others in need and gave them a helping hand.Frozen with great shock,I was moved by his gesture and made a decision that I would pass on his kindness to make the world full of love.
【多樣表達】
Possible version 1
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.I explained to him the urgency of catching the bus,emphasizing that otherwise I would be forced to stay overnight and buy a new ticket the next morning.Ultimately,I suggested,“I will return to Vienna in 4 days.If it’s OK with you,I can pay you then,with an additional 10 euros as a gesture of my gratitude.”Following an uncomfortable pause,he simply nodded,saying,“I agree to this arrangement and trust you.”I thanked him with the biggest smile you can imagine,and we exchanged contact information before I got on the bus.
Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised. We arranged to meet at the airport,and upon our arrival,we hugged each other like long lost friends.When I gave him the extra ?10 I had promised,he didn’t accept.“Buy me a beer next time you are in Vienna,”he said with a warm smile. Then we parted ways with a firm handshake and a promise to keep in touch. Gunter’s kindness had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a memorable story I would cherish for years to come.
Possible version 2
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.He looked at me in disbelief.Feeling guilty,I begged him for a delayed payment.“If I miss this last bus to Prague,I’ll be late for an important conference,” I explained anxiously. “May I have your phone number I promise I will call you and return the money I owe you and give you a generous tip!”I added.Then the impossible happened.He nodded his head simply,saying,“It’s cool.I accept this solution and trust you.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake,I jumped out of the car,made a mad run for the bus,and jumped onto it just before its departure.
Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised. Beaming a warm smile at him,I gave him a big hug the moment I met him.I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help,everything had gone smoothly.I gave Gunter the money and the extra tip I had promised,but he did not accept the tip.I had no choice but to give him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague,which he accepted with delight.In this way,we became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly.I was blessed with such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter who has a heart of gold.

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