資源簡介

第七練　文化遺產
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2025·重慶名校聯考)
One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro，a World Heritage site in the Indus River 510 kilometers (316 miles)from Karachi，was built in the Bronze Age, some 5，000 years ago.“Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site，” reads a letter from the Culture, Tourism，Antiquities & Archives Department Government of Sindh sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah.The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated.When it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980，the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional testimony (證明) to the Indus civilization，”comprising“the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage，like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork.But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45million) to cover the costs of full repairs. UNESCO has responded to the request for help, allocating $ 350，000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres’s visit to the flood－stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum.While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites，it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and the local organization consider the best way forward.Sadly，the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter，Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger，which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
【語篇解讀】　本文是新聞報道。文章主要報道了受巴基斯坦暴雨的影響，世界遺產摩亨佐·達羅嚴重受損，Ihsan Ali Abbasi和Naveed Ahmed Sangah寫信向聯合國教科文組織求助，最終獲得修復資金和聯合國的關注。
1.What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
A.The geographic feature it bears.
B.The role it played in fighting floods.
C.The mass destruction it suffered in history.
D.The value it holds in history and architecture.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第三段中聯合國教科文組織對摩亨佐·達羅的評價“Moenjodaro‘bears exceptional...city on the Indian subcontinent’.”可知，摩亨佐·達羅是“印度河文明的非凡見證”，其中包括“印度次大陸上最古老的規劃城市”。由此可見，其在歷史和建筑方面的意義重大。]
2.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Reduce. B.Suffer.
C.Avoid. D.Assess.
答案　A　[詞義猜測題。解題時，可先將畫線詞所在的定語從句補全為“the site team has taken actions to...brickwork”。根據舉例提到的舉措“bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork”并結合生活常識可知，引進抽水機和修補磚墻是為了減輕洪水帶來的損害。]
3.Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
A.Creative. B.Worrying.
C.Impractical. D.Satisfactory.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites”“flooding could bring a serious risk to the site”和最后一段中的“concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger”可知，資金不足、洪水嚴重等情況讓Abbasi和Sangah擔憂摩亨佐·達羅會被列入瀕危世界遺產名錄。由此可知，目前的修補工作局面令人擔憂。]
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Pakistan’s Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
B.Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
C.Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
D.Pakistan’s UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
答案　D　[標題歸納題。本文是新聞報道。新聞報道的主題一般在文章的開頭。根據第一段的“One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan”可知，本文主要報道了巴基斯坦的聯合國教科文組織世界遺產地摩亨佐·達羅被洪水嚴重破壞的相關情況。]
背景知識：摩亨佐·達羅(公元前2600年—前1800年)，又稱“死丘”或“死亡之丘”，是印度河流域文明的重要城市，大約于公元前2600年建成，位于今天巴基斯坦的信德省的拉爾卡納縣南部。估計城市人口在4萬以上。1980年聯合國教科文組織將摩亨佐·達羅考古遺址作為文化遺產，列入《世界遺產名錄》，與哈拉帕文明并稱為古印度文明的代表。
(2025·金麗衢十二校高三第一次聯考)
Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today，thousands of years later.Roman engineers built thick concrete sea barriers，for example. And Chinese builders raised walls against invaders.But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail.The concrete that makes up much of our modern world lasts around 50 to 100 years.
A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long ago.They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years.The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark，volcanic ash，rice，beer and even urine (尿).These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal” cracks when they form.
Figuring out how to copy these features could have real impacts today.While our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy infrastructure (基礎結構)，it cannot compete with the endurance of these ancient materials. With the rising threats of climate change，there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.Cement (水泥) production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions.
Is ancient Roman concrete better In places where sea water has been hitting structures for ages，you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2，000 years ago，” said John Peter Oleson，an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada.
Most modern concrete starts with Portland cement，a powder made by heating limestone (石灰巖) and clay to super－high temperatures and breaking them up.That cement is mixed with water to create a paste. Then，materials like rocks and gravel are added.Records from ancient builders show the Roman process was similar.The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and rocks，creating chemical reactions to tie everything together.
Now，scientists think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. The ancient material has an unusual power to repair itself. Exactly how is not yet clear，so scientists are starting to find the reasons why.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家研究了世界上一些古代建筑屹立數千年而不倒的原因。
5.What is the purpose of the comparison in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce a topic. B.To list a motivation.
C.To give a definition. D.To present an argument.
答案　A　[寫作意圖題。第一段對比了古代建筑和現代建筑的持久性，古代建筑能夠屹立上千年，而現代建筑則只能持續約50到100年。接著第二段前兩句談到越來越多的科學家一直在研究很久以前的材料。他們正在把建筑拆成碎片，閱讀歷史書籍，希望了解它們是如何屹立數千年的。由此可推測，第一段進行對比是為了引出接下來的話題。]
6.Which aspect of ancient Roman building materials surprises scientists
A.Their necessary ingredients. B.Their processing procedure.
C.Their amazing sustainability. D.Their high－end technology.
答案　A　[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“The research has turned up...even urine(尿).”(這項研究發現了一份令人驚訝的舊建筑材料清單。它們包括樹皮、火山灰、大米、啤酒甚至尿)可知，科學家們發現了舊建筑材料中令人驚訝的成分。]
7.According to the passage，________ remains a mystery.
A.what made up those ancient Roman materials
B.where the ancient Roman materials were produced
C.how those ancient Roman materials were transported
D.why the ancient Roman materials healed automatically
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“The ancient material...to find the reasons why.”可知，這種古老的材料有一種不同尋常的自我修復能力。確切的修復方式尚不清楚，因此科學家們開始尋找原因，即古羅馬材料能夠自動修復的原因尚不清楚。]
8.Where is the text probably from
A.A travel brochure. B.Science fiction.
C.An architecture essay. D.An environment report.
答案　C　[文章出處題。本文主要圍繞古代建筑持久的原因展開，講述了古代和現代建筑的持久性和古代建筑材料的構成等，由此可推測出，本文最有可能出自一篇建筑類文章。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·山西太原一模)
I have had this long－sleeved shirt since college.After many years，there are warning __1__ that it is on the way out.Some buttons are getting a bit __2__.And even there are those faint __3__ of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash.Though __4__，it is still my favorite.
One morning，I was putting on it for the family trip when my wife noticed a hole in the elbow (肘部).She advised me to __5__ it or it would get worse.But it was so tiny.I decided to __6__ it and went to reach for the backpack at the top of my closet when I heard the rip“sss－”.Was that... I reached for the closet door and __7__ it shut.Riiippp again.The tiny hole became a big tear，leaving my arm __8__.“Now you look like a scarecrow (稻草人)，” My wife laughed.“Maybe you should throw it away.”
Should I I asked myself in such a fast－fashion world which rushes to produce clothes that __9__ the latest trend，few material items __10__ our loyalty.But this shirt had seen a lot with me，from my __11__to my marriage.I knew even a piece of clothing represented a life __12__ lived.I intended to stay __13__.
“Is it time to let that shirt go？” My wife asked.I paused for a moment and then grabbed a pair of scissors.__14__，I soon picked up my “new” __15__ shirt and showed it to her.“Not yet，” I replied with a proud smile.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了一件跟隨作者多年的襯衣，雖然狀況不太好，但它仍然是作者的最愛。在衣袖破了一個大洞后，作者索性將衣袖剪短以顯示作者對它的忠誠。
1.A.signs B.remarks
C.deals D.problems
答案　A　[根據下文“Some buttons are getting a bit ________.And even there are those faint ________ of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash.”可知，紐扣松動和污漬這些跡象都表明這件襯衣即將被淘汰。]
2.A.common B.fine
C.flexible D.loose
答案　D　[根據上文“After many years”可知，這件襯衣被穿了多年，所以紐扣有點松動。]
3.A.spots B.appeals
C.ingredients D.tastes
答案　A　[根據下文“of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash”可知，是吃飯時弄的污漬沒有洗干凈。]
4.A.in low spirits B.in poor condition
C.out of sight D.out of control
答案　B　[根據上文“Some buttons are getting a bit ________.And even there are those faint ________ of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash.”可知，這件襯衣的狀況不太好。]
5.A.sew B.make
C.recycle D.design
答案　A　[根據上文“a hole in the elbow”可知，衣服破了一個洞，所以妻子建議作者把它縫起來。]
6.A.notice B.ignore
C.mind D.refuse
答案　B　[根據上文“But it was so tiny.”可知，作者覺得這個洞很小，所以決定忽略它。]
7.A.kicked B.pressed
C.slid D.kept
答案　C　[根據上文“I reached for the closet door”可知，作者想把門滑動關閉。]
8.A.untouched B.examined
C.broken D.exposed
答案　D　[根據上文“The tiny hole became a big tear”可知，這個小孔變成了一個大破洞，所以露出了作者的手臂。]
9.A.protest B.miss
C.fit D.pass
答案　C　[根據上文“rushes to produce clothes”可知，此處指忙著生產衣服，以符合最新潮流。]
10.A.waste B.identify
C.question D.gain
答案　D　[根據上文“in such a fast－fashion world which rushes to produce clothes that ________ the latest trend”可知，處于這樣一個快時尚的世界里，很少有材料能贏得我們的忠誠度。]
11.A.graduation B.family
C.childhood D.retirement
答案　A　[根據上文“I have had this long－sleeved shirt since college.”可知，從畢業到結婚，這件襯衫一直伴隨著作者。]
12.A.poorly B.cautiously
C.fully D.busily
答案　C　[根據句中“even a piece of clothing”可知，此處指即使是一件衣服也代表著一種完整的生活。]
13.A.efficient B.fashionable
C.loyal D.calm
答案　C　[根據上文“few material items ________ our loyalty”可知，作者打算保持忠誠。]
14.A.Possibly B.Hesitantly
C.Approximately D.Exactly
答案　D　[根據下文“‘Not yet，’ I replied with a proud smile.”可知，作者拿起剪刀，把長袖襯衣變成了短袖的。此處應表示強調，凸顯直截了當。]
15.A.old－fashioned B.short－sleeved
C.high－quantity D.famous－brand
答案　B　[根據上文“grabbed a pair of scissors”可知，作者拿起剪刀，把長袖襯衣變成了短袖的。]
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2024·山東濟寧一模)
Recently，a Chinese college research team has released China’s first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”，1.____________ uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to help conduct research on ancient Chinese books.With the model，more information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2.____________ (mine) for.
This model，named 3.____________ Xun Zi，one of the most celebrated philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi，4._______________ (comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and documents.5.____________ (design) to intelligently process ancient texts，the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and preservation of Chinese ancient books，enhance the efficiency and quality of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture，6.____________ boost integration between LLM and ancient book processing.
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7.____________ painstaking and laborious challenge.Since 2013，the team have worked tirelessly to digitize Chinese classics like The Si Ku Quan Shu，8.____________ (lay) a solid foundation for the large language mitted to the philosophy of making their data and model 9._____________ (access) worldwide，the team have a broader perspective targeting global users.To this end，they have 10.____________(handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet，enabling more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了中國推出的一種新型語言模型LLM，可以將中國古代典籍著作數字化，以此達到向世界傳播中國文化的良好意圖。
1.which　[考查定語從句。空處引導非限定性定語從句，先行詞是“Xunzi”，在從句中充當主語，故填which。]
2.be mined　[考查語態。mine可以作動詞，意思是“挖礦；挖掘”，這里是挖掘的意思。主語是“more information”，根據句意可知應該使用被動語態，空前有情態動詞can，故填be mined。]
3.after/for　[考查介詞。這個模型的名字叫荀子，也就是說它是以荀子的名字命名的，“以……的名字命名”的短語是“be named after/for”，故填after/for。]
4.comprises　[考查時態和主謂一致。comprise是動詞，意思是“包括”，它的主語是“This model”，是單數；文章通篇使用一般現在時，所以comprise的時態也應該是一般現在時，故填comprises。]
5.Designed　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經存在謂語aims to，所以design只能作非謂語，它的邏輯主語是the system(系統)，二者呈動賓關系，應該使用過去分詞形式，同時還要注意句首首字母大寫，故填Designed。]
6.and　[考查并列連詞。分析句子可知，這個句子的謂語動詞有三個，分別是promote(提升)，enhance(增強)，boost(促進)，這三個動詞是并列關系，按照簡單句語法結構要求，需要在最后兩個動詞之間添加連詞，根據句意可知，and表示并列關系，符合題意，故填and。]
7.a　[考查冠詞。橫線后的詞組是“painstaking and laborious challenge”，可知中心詞是challenge，此處是可數名詞，意思是“挑戰”，可數名詞單數前需要添加冠詞，分析句意可知，此處表示泛指，應該使用不定冠詞，且painstaking的發音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。]
8.laying　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經存在謂語have worked，所以lay(放置)只能作非謂語，它的邏輯主語是前面一整句話，二者呈主謂關系，應該使用現在分詞形式，故填laying。]
9.accessible　[考查詞性轉換。分析句子發現空處符合make的使役動詞結構“make＋sth＋adj./n./do”，access是名詞，根據句意，將其變成形容詞accessible(可使用的)符合題意，故填accessible。]
10.handsomely　[考查詞性轉換。分析句子可知，空處修飾的是謂語動詞shared，所以應該填副詞充當狀語，故填handsomely。]
A篇 Para.1：battle常用義：n.戰役；戰斗；搏斗　文章義：v.(與……)斗爭　Para.3：estimate v.& n.估計，估價→estimation n.估計；評價→overestimate v.高估→underestimate v.低估　Para.5：allocate v.拔……(給)；劃……(歸)；分配……(給)　Para.6：conserve v.保護，保存；節省，節約→conservator n.文物修復員；文物保護員→conservation n.保護，保存　Para.7：periodic adj.定期的→periodically adv.定期地
B篇 Para.1：concrete n.混凝土　invader n.侵略者　Para.2：crack n.裂縫，裂紋　turn up 找到，發現　Para.3：sustainable adj.可持續的　be responsible for 作為……的原因；對……負責　endure v.忍耐；忍受→endurance n.耐力，耐用度
A篇 譯文：當它于1980年被列入聯合國教科文組織的名錄時，該組織寫道，摩亨佐·達羅“為印度河文明提供了非凡的見證”，包括“印度次大陸上最古老的規劃城市”。第七練　文化遺產
(分值：50分)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分，共20分)
(2025·重慶名校聯考)
One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro，a World Heritage site in the Indus River 510 kilometers (316 miles)from Karachi，was built in the Bronze Age, some 5，000 years ago.“Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site，” reads a letter from the Culture, Tourism，Antiquities & Archives Department Government of Sindh sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah.The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated.When it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980，the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional testimony (證明) to the Indus civilization，”comprising“the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage，like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork.But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45million) to cover the costs of full repairs. UNESCO has responded to the request for help, allocating $ 350，000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres’s visit to the flood－stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum.While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites，it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and the local organization consider the best way forward.Sadly，the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter，Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger，which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
1.What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
The geographic feature it bears.
The role it played in fighting floods.
The mass destruction it suffered in history.
The value it holds in history and architecture.
2.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
Reduce. Suffer.
Avoid. Assess.
3.Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
Creative. Worrying.
Impractical. Satisfactory.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
Pakistan’s Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
Pakistan’s UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
(2025·金麗衢十二校高三第一次聯考)
Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today，thousands of years later.Roman engineers built thick concrete sea barriers，for example. And Chinese builders raised walls against invaders.But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail.The concrete that makes up much of our modern world lasts around 50 to 100 years.
A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long ago.They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years.The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark，volcanic ash，rice，beer and even urine (尿).These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal” cracks when they form.
Figuring out how to copy these features could have real impacts today.While our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy infrastructure (基礎結構)，it cannot compete with the endurance of these ancient materials. With the rising threats of climate change，there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.Cement (水泥) production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions.
Is ancient Roman concrete better In places where sea water has been hitting structures for ages，you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2，000 years ago，” said John Peter Oleson，an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada.
Most modern concrete starts with Portland cement，a powder made by heating limestone (石灰巖) and clay to super－high temperatures and breaking them up.That cement is mixed with water to create a paste. Then，materials like rocks and gravel are added.Records from ancient builders show the Roman process was similar.The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and rocks，creating chemical reactions to tie everything together.
Now，scientists think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. The ancient material has an unusual power to repair itself. Exactly how is not yet clear，so scientists are starting to find the reasons why.
5.What is the purpose of the comparison in Paragraph 1
To introduce a topic.
To list a motivation.
To give a definition.
To present an argument.
6.Which aspect of ancient Roman building materials surprises scientists
Their necessary ingredients.
Their processing procedure.
Their amazing sustainability.
Their high－end technology.
7.According to the passage，________ remains a mystery.
what made up those ancient Roman materials
where the ancient Roman materials were produced
how those ancient Roman materials were transported
why the ancient Roman materials healed automatically
8.Where is the text probably from
A travel brochure.
Science fiction.
An architecture essay.
An environment report.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分，共15分)
(2024·山西太原一模)
I have had this long－sleeved shirt since college.After many years，there are warning __1__ that it is on the way out.Some buttons are getting a bit __2__.And even there are those faint __3__ of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash.Though __4__，it is still my favorite.
One morning，I was putting on it for the family trip when my wife noticed a hole in the elbow (肘部).She advised me to __5__ it or it would get worse.But it was so tiny.I decided to __6__ it and went to reach for the backpack at the top of my closet when I heard the rip“sss－”.Was that... I reached for the closet door and __7__ it shut.Riiippp again.The tiny hole became a big tear，leaving my arm __8__.“Now you look like a scarecrow (稻草人)，” My wife laughed.“Maybe you should throw it away.”
Should I I asked myself in such a fast－fashion world which rushes to produce clothes that __9__ the latest trend，few material items __10__ our loyalty.But this shirt had seen a lot with me，from my __11__to my marriage.I knew even a piece of clothing represented a life __12__ lived.I intended to stay __13__.
“Is it time to let that shirt go？” My wife asked.I paused for a moment and then grabbed a pair of scissors.__14__，I soon picked up my “new” __15__ shirt and showed it to her.“Not yet，” I replied with a proud smile.
1.signs remarks
deals problems
2.common fine
flexible loose
3.spots appeals
ingredients tastes
4.in low spirits in poor condition
out of sight out of control
5.sew make
recycle design
6.notice ignore
mind refuse
7.kicked pressed
slid kept
8.untouched examined
broken exposed
9.protest miss
fit pass
10.waste identify
question gain
11.graduation family
childhood retirement
12.poorly cautiously
fully busily
13.efficient fashionable
loyal calm
14.Possibly Hesitantly
Approximately Exactly
15.old－fashioned short－sleeved
high－quantity famous－brand
Ⅲ.語法填空(每小題1.5分，共15分)
(2024·山東濟寧一模)
Recently，a Chinese college research team has released China’s first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”，1.____________ uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to help conduct research on ancient Chinese books.With the model，more information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2.____________ (mine) for.
This model，named 3.____________ Xun Zi，one of the most celebrated philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi，4.____________(comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and documents.5.____________ (design) to intelligently process ancient texts，the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and preservation of Chinese ancient books，enhance the efficiency and quality of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture，6.____________ boost integration between LLM and ancient book processing.
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7.____________ painstaking and laborious challenge.Since 2013，the team have worked tirelessly to digitize Chinese classics like The Si Ku Quan Shu，8.____________ (lay) a solid foundation for the large language mitted to the philosophy of making their data and model 9.____________(access) worldwide，the team have a broader perspective targeting global users.To this end，they have 10.____________(handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet，enabling more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
A篇 Para.1：battle常用義：n.戰役；戰斗；搏斗　文章義：v.(與……)斗爭　Para.3：estimate v.& n.估計，估價→estimation n.估計；評價→overestimate v.高估→underestimate v.低估 Para.5：allocate v.拔……(給)；劃……(歸)；分配……(給)　Para.6：conserve v.保護，保存；節省，節約→conservator n.文物修復員；文物保護員→conservation n.保護，保存 Para.7：periodic adj.定期的→periodically adv.定期地
B篇 Para.1：concrete n.混凝土　invader n.侵略者　Para.2：crack n.裂縫，裂紋　turn up 找到，發現　Para.3：sustainable adj.可持續的　be responsible for 作為……的原因；對……負責　endure v.忍耐；忍受→endurance n.耐力，耐用度
A篇 譯文：當它于1980年被列入聯合國教科文組織的名錄時，該組織寫道，摩亨佐·達羅“為印度河文明提供了非凡的見證”，包括“印度次大陸上最古老的規劃城市”。(共38張PPT)
高考同源熱點練
第七練　文化遺產
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2025·重慶名校聯考)
One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro，a World Heritage site in the Indus River 510 kilometers (316 miles)from Karachi，was built in the Bronze Age, some 5，000 years ago.“Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site，” reads a letter from the Culture, Tourism，Antiquities & Archives Department Government of Sindh sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah.The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated.When it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980，the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional testimony (證明) to the Indus civilization，”comprising“the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage，like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork.But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45million) to cover the costs of full repairs. UNESCO has responded to the request for help, allocating $ 350，000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres’s visit to the flood－stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum.While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites，it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and the local organization consider the best way forward.Sadly，the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter，Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger，which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
【語篇解讀】　本文是新聞報道。文章主要報道了受巴基斯坦暴雨的影響，世界遺產摩亨佐·達羅嚴重受損，Ihsan Ali Abbasi和Naveed Ahmed Sangah寫信向聯合國教科文組織求助，最終獲得修復資金和聯合國的關注。
1.What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
A.The geographic feature it bears.
B.The role it played in fighting floods.
C.The mass destruction it suffered in history.
D.The value it holds in history and architecture.
解析 細節理解題。根據第三段中聯合國教科文組織對摩亨佐·達羅的評價“Moenjodaro‘bears exceptional...city on the Indian subcontinent’.”可知，摩亨佐·達羅是“印度河文明的非凡見證”，其中包括“印度次大陸上最古老的規劃城市”。由此可見，其在歷史和建筑方面的意義重大。
√
2.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Reduce. B.Suffer.
C.Avoid. D.Assess.
解析 詞義猜測題。解題時，可先將畫線詞所在的定語從句補全為“the site team has taken actions to...brickwork”。根據舉例提到的舉措“bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork”并結合生活常識可知，引進抽水機和修補磚墻是為了減輕洪水帶來的損害。
√
3.Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
A.Creative. B.Worrying.
C.Impractical. D.Satisfactory.
解析 推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites”“flooding could bring a serious risk to the site”和最后一段中的“concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger”可知，資金不足、洪水嚴重等情況讓Abbasi和Sangah擔憂摩亨佐·達羅會被列入瀕危世界遺產名錄。由此可知，目前的修補工作局面令人擔憂。
√
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Pakistan’s Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
B.Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
C.Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
D.Pakistan’s UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
解析 標題歸納題。本文是新聞報道。新聞報道的主題一般在文章的開頭。根據第一段的“One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan”可知，本文主要報道了巴基斯坦的聯合國教科文組織世界遺產地摩亨佐·達羅被洪水嚴重破壞的相關情況。
√
背景知識：摩亨佐·達羅(公元前2600年—前1800年)，又稱“死丘”或“死亡之丘”，是印度河流域文明的重要城市，大約于公元前2600年建成，位于今天巴基斯坦的信德省的拉爾卡納縣南部。估計城市人口在4萬以上。1980年聯合國教科文組織將摩亨佐·達羅考古遺址作為文化遺產，列入《世界遺產名錄》，與哈拉帕文明并稱為古印度文明的代表。
(2025·金麗衢十二校高三第一次聯考)
Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today，thousands of years later.Roman engineers built thick concrete sea barriers，for example. And Chinese builders raised walls against invaders.But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail.The concrete that makes up much of our modern world lasts around 50 to 100 years.
A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long ago.They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years.The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark，volcanic ash，rice，beer and even urine (尿).These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal” cracks when they form.
Figuring out how to copy these features could have real impacts today.While our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy infrastructure (基礎結構)，it cannot compete with the endurance of these ancient materials. With the rising threats of climate change，there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.Cement (水泥) production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions.
Is ancient Roman concrete better In places where sea water has been hitting structures for ages，you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2，000 years ago，” said John Peter Oleson，an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada.
Most modern concrete starts with Portland cement，a powder made by heating limestone (石灰巖) and clay to super－high temperatures and breaking them up.That cement is mixed with water to create a paste. Then，materials like rocks and gravel are added.Records from ancient builders show the Roman process was similar.The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and rocks，creating chemical reactions to tie everything together.
Now，scientists think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. The ancient material has an unusual power to repair itself. Exactly how is not yet clear，so scientists are starting to find the reasons why.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家研究了世界上一些古代建筑屹立數千年而不倒的原因。
5.What is the purpose of the comparison in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce a topic. B.To list a motivation.
C.To give a definition. D.To present an argument.
解析 寫作意圖題。第一段對比了古代建筑和現代建筑的持久性，古代建筑能夠屹立上千年，而現代建筑則只能持續約50到100年。接著第二段前兩句談到越來越多的科學家一直在研究很久以前的材料。他們正在把建筑拆成碎片，閱讀歷史書籍，希望了解它們是如何屹立數千年的。由此可推測，第一段進行對比是為了引出接下來的話題。
√
6.Which aspect of ancient Roman building materials surprises scientists
A.Their necessary ingredients. B.Their processing procedure.
C.Their amazing sustainability. D.Their high－end technology.
解析 細節理解題。根據第二段中的“The research has turned up...even urine(尿).”(這項研究發現了一份令人驚訝的舊建筑材料清單。它們包括樹皮、火山灰、大米、啤酒甚至尿)可知，科學家們發現了舊建筑材料中令人驚訝的成分。
√
7.According to the passage，________ remains a mystery.
A.what made up those ancient Roman materials
B.where the ancient Roman materials were produced
C.how those ancient Roman materials were transported
D.why the ancient Roman materials healed automatically
解析 細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“The ancient material...to find the reasons why.”可知，這種古老的材料有一種不同尋常的自我修復能力。確切的修復方式尚不清楚，因此科學家們開始尋找原因，即古羅馬材料能夠自動修復的原因尚不清楚。
√
8.Where is the text probably from
A.A travel brochure. B.Science fiction.
C.An architecture essay. D.An environment report.
解析 文章出處題。本文主要圍繞古代建筑持久的原因展開，講述了古代和現代建筑的持久性和古代建筑材料的構成等，由此可推測出，本文最有可能出自一篇建筑類文章。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·山西太原一模)
I have had this long－sleeved shirt since college.After many years，there are warning __1__ that it is on the way out.Some buttons are getting a bit __2__.And even there are those faint __3__ of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash.Though __4__，it is still my favorite.
One morning，I was putting on it for the family trip when my wife noticed a hole in the elbow (肘部).She advised me to __5__ it or it would get worse.But it was so tiny.I decided to __6__ it and went to reach for the backpack at the top of my closet when I heard the rip“sss－”.Was that... I reached for the closet door and __7__ it shut.Riiippp again.The tiny hole became a big tear，leaving my arm __8__.“Now you look like a scarecrow (稻草人)，” My wife laughed.“Maybe you should throw it away.”
Should I I asked myself in such a fast－fashion world which rushes to produce clothes that __9__ the latest trend，few material items __10__ our loyalty.But this shirt had seen a lot with me，from my __11__to my marriage.I knew even a piece of clothing represented a life __12__ lived.I intended to stay __13__.
“Is it time to let that shirt go？” My wife asked.I paused for a moment and then grabbed a pair of scissors.__14__，I soon picked up my “new” __15__ shirt and showed it to her.“Not yet，” I replied with a proud smile.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了一件跟隨作者多年的襯衣，雖然狀況不太好，但它仍然是作者的最愛。在衣袖破了一個大洞后，作者索性將衣袖剪短以顯示作者對它的忠誠。
1.A.signs B.remarks
C.deals D.problems
解析 根據下文“Some buttons are getting a bit ________.And even there are those faint ________ of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash.”可知，紐扣松動和污漬這些跡象都表明這件襯衣即將被淘汰。
2.A.common B.fine
C.flexible D.loose
解析 根據上文“After many years”可知，這件襯衣被穿了多年，所以紐扣有點松動。
√
√
3.A.spots B.appeals
C.ingredients D.tastes
解析 根據下文“of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash”可知，是吃飯時弄的污漬沒有洗干凈。
4.A.in low spirits B.in poor condition
C.out of sight D.out of control
解析 根據上文“Some buttons are getting a bit ________.And even there are those faint ________ of meals that haven’t quite come out in the wash.”可知，這件襯衣的狀況不太好。
√
√
5.A.sew B.make
C.recycle D.design
解析 根據上文“a hole in the elbow”可知，衣服破了一個洞，所以妻子建議作者把它縫起來。
6.A.notice B.ignore
C.mind D.refuse
解析 根據上文“But it was so tiny.”可知，作者覺得這個洞很小，所以決定忽略它。
√
√
7.A.kicked B.pressed
C.slid D.kept
解析 根據上文“I reached for the closet door”可知，作者想把門滑動關閉。
8.A.untouched B.examined
C.broken D.exposed
解析 根據上文“The tiny hole became a big tear”可知，這個小孔變成了一個大破洞，所以露出了作者的手臂。
√
√
9.A.protest B.miss
C.fit D.pass
解析 根據上文“rushes to produce clothes”可知，此處指忙著生產衣服，以符合最新潮流。
10.A.waste B.identify
C.question D.gain
解析 根據上文“in such a fast－fashion world which rushes to produce clothes that ________ the latest trend”可知，處于這樣一個快時尚的世界里，很少有材料能贏得我們的忠誠度。
√
√
11.A.graduation B.family
C.childhood D.retirement
解析 根據上文“I have had this long－sleeved shirt since college.”可知，從畢業到結婚，這件襯衫一直伴隨著作者。
12.A.poorly B.cautiously
C.fully D.busily
解析 根據句中“even a piece of clothing”可知，此處指即使是一件衣服也代表著一種完整的生活。
√
√
13.A.efficient B.fashionable
C.loyal D.calm
解析 根據上文“few material items ________ our loyalty”可知，作者打算保持忠誠。
14.A.Possibly B.Hesitantly
C.Approximately D.Exactly
解析 根據下文“‘Not yet，’ I replied with a proud smile.”可知，作者拿起剪刀，把長袖襯衣變成了短袖的。此處應表示強調，凸顯直截了當。
√
√
15.A.old－fashioned B.short－sleeved
C.high－quantity D.famous－brand
解析 根據上文“grabbed a pair of scissors”可知，作者拿起剪刀，把長袖襯衣變成了短袖的。
√
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2024·山東濟寧一模)
Recently，a Chinese college research team has released China’s first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”，1.____________ uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to help conduct research on ancient Chinese books.With the model，more information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2.____________ (mine) for.
This model，named 3.____________ Xun Zi，one of the most celebrated philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi，4._______________ (comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and documents.5.____________ (design) to intelligently process ancient texts，the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and preservation of Chinese ancient books，enhance the efficiency and quality of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture，6.____________ boost integration between LLM and ancient book processing.
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7.____________ painstaking and laborious challenge.Since 2013，the team have worked tirelessly to digitize Chinese classics like The Si Ku Quan Shu，8.____________ (lay) a solid foundation for the large language mitted to the philosophy of making their data and model 9._____________ (access) worldwide，the team have a broader perspective targeting global users.To this end，they have 10.____________(handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet，enabling more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了中國推出的一種新型語言模型LLM，可以將中國古代典籍著作數字化，以此達到向世界傳播中國文化的良好意圖。
1.which [考查定語從句。空處引導非限定性定語從句，先行詞是“Xunzi”，在從句中充當主語，故填which。]
2.be mined [考查語態。mine可以作動詞，意思是“挖礦；挖掘”，這里是挖掘的意思。主語是“more information”，根據句意可知應該使用被動語態，空前有情態動詞can，故填be mined。]
3.after/for [考查介詞。這個模型的名字叫荀子，也就是說它是以荀子的名字命名的，“以……的名字命名”的短語是“be named after/for”，故填after/for。]
4.comprises [考查時態和主謂一致。comprise是動詞，意思是“包括”，它的主語是“This model”，是單數；文章通篇使用一般現在時，所以comprise的時態也應該是一般現在時，故填comprises。]
5.Designed [查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經存在謂語aims to，所以design只能作非謂語，它的邏輯主語是the system(系統)，二者呈動賓關系，應該使用過去分詞形式，同時還要注意句首首字母大寫，故填Designed。]
6.and [考查并列連詞。分析句子可知，這個句子的謂語動詞有三個，分別是promote(提升)，enhance(增強)，boost(促進)，這三個動詞是并列關系，按照簡單句語法結構要求，需要在最后兩個動詞之間添加連詞，根據句意可知，and表示并列關系，符合題意，故填and。]
7.a [考查冠詞。橫線后的詞組是“painstaking and laborious challenge”，可知中心詞是challenge，此處是可數名詞，意思是“挑戰”，可數名詞單數前需要添加冠詞，分析句意可知，此處表示泛指，應該使用不定冠詞，且painstaking的發音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。]
8.laying [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經存在謂語have worked，所以lay(放置)只能作非謂語，它的邏輯主語是前面一整句話，二者呈主謂關系，應該使用現在分詞形式，故填laying。]
9.accessible [考查詞性轉換。分析句子發現空處符合make的使役動詞結構“make＋sth＋adj./n./do”，access是名詞，根據句意，將其變成形容詞accessible(可使用的)符合題意，故填accessible。]
10.handsomely [考查詞性轉換。分析句子可知，空處修飾的是謂語動詞shared，所以應該填副詞充當狀語，故填handsomely。]
二次精讀
A篇 Para.1：battle常用義：n.戰役；戰斗；搏斗　文章義：v.(與……)斗爭　Para.3：estimate v.& n.估計，估價→estimation n.估計；評價→ overestimate v.高估→underestimate v.低估　Para.5：allocate v.拔…… (給)；劃……(歸)；分配……(給)　Para.6：conserve v.保護，保存；節省，節約→conservator n.文物修復員；文物保護員→conservation n.保護，保存　Para.7：periodic adj.定期的→periodically adv.定期地
B篇 Para.1：concrete n.混凝土　invader n.侵略者　Para.2：crack n.裂縫，裂紋　turn up 找到，發現　Para.3：sustainable adj.可持續的　be responsible for 作為……的原因；對……負責　endure v.忍耐；忍受→endurance n.耐力，耐用度
A篇
譯文：當它于1980年被列入聯合國教科文組織的名錄時，該組織寫道，摩亨佐·達羅“為印度河文明提供了非凡的見證”，包括“印度次大陸上最古老的規劃城市”。

展開更多......

收起↑