資源簡介

第四練　人與動物
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2025·甘肅高考診斷)
Old dogs may not have an easy time learning new tricks，but it’s not a problem for cockatoos (鳳頭鸚鵡). In fact，researchers believe they teach one another.In Sydney，Australia，these birds have learned to lift the lids of rubbish bins. Then they can enjoy the treats inside.At first only birds in a few suburbs of Sydney could do the trick. But nearly two years later，the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs. Cockatoos proved to be smart birds and good learners.
Cockatoos are some of the most fascinating birds in the world. Members of the parrot family，they live in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia. Their striking good looks，intelligence and social nature make them popular pets.
One of the most distinctive features of cockatoos is the crest (羽冠) of feathers on their heads.The birds can raise or lower these feathers at will.If it is excited or scared，a cockatoo will raise its crest to show its emotions.
Cockatoos have powerful beaks (喙) that they use to open seeds and nuts—or rubbish bin lids.They are also versed in using tools.In the wild，some cockatoos use sticks to get insects out of tree bark. Others use small stones to crack open hard－shelled nuts.
Cockatoos are also very social. In the wild，they form large flocks of up to several hundred individuals.They make different sounds to communicate with one another. They engage in playful behaviours such as dancing and cleaning each other’s feathers.
As pets，the birds can form strong bonds with their owners and be entertaining companions.But cockatoos can be challenging pets to keep.They require a lot of attention and social interaction.If they don’t get them，they can become bored and destroy things. Cockatoos live long lives—around 70 years—making keeping one a serious responsibility.
Rather than committing to caring for one at home，enjoy the birds in the wild.Who knows what trick they will learn next!
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了鳳頭鸚鵡不僅外表美麗，還很聰明，擅長社交。它們可以和主人建立親密的關系，但它們對主人的要求很高。因此，如果沒有做好準備的話，還是讓它們在野外繼續展示自己的技能吧。
1.What is Paragraph 1 aimed at
A.Clarifying the weakness of old dogs.
B.Explaining the techniques of cockatoos.
C.Introducing a study in Sydney，Australia.
D.Confirming the intelligence of cockatoos.
答案　D　[寫作意圖題。根據第一段中的“the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs.Cockatoos proved to be smart birds and good learners.”可知，鳳頭鸚鵡能學會技能，它們非常聰明且是很好的學習者，所以第一段的寫作目的旨在展示鳳頭鸚鵡的才智。]
2.What does the underlined word “versed” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Skillful. B.Inexperienced.
C.Interested. D.Hard－working.
答案　A　[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后面的“In the wild，some cockatoos...to crack open hard－shelled nuts.”可知，一些鳳頭鸚鵡可以用木棍摳出樹皮下的昆蟲。還有一些可以用小石頭砸開堅硬的堅果。由此可見，它們非常擅長使用工具，故選A。]
3.What is the author’s attitude to keeping a cockatoo at home
A.Optimistic. B.Disapproving.
C.Indifferent. D.Unclear.
答案　B　[觀點態度題。根據最后一段中的“Rather than committing to caring for one at home，enjoy the birds in the wild”可知，與其全心全意在家里照顧鳥兒，不如在野外欣賞鳥兒。由此可見，作者不支持在家飼養鳳頭鸚鵡。]
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Pets—Trick or Treat
B.Cockatoos—Beauty and Brains
C.Pets—Dogs or Cockatoos
D.Cockatoos—Social but Shy
答案　B　[標題歸納題。本文第一段講到了鳳頭鸚鵡是“smart birds and good learners”，第二段講到了它們有“striking good looks，intelligence”，第四段講到了它們“versed in using tools”，第五段講到了它們喜歡社交，后兩段則講到了它們不太適合作為寵物被飼養。]
(2025·廣州高三調研)
Research is making surprising discoveries about insects.Honeybees have emotional ups and downs.Cockroaches have personalities and team up to make decisions.Fruit flies experience something very like fear.
We’re pretty sure other humans have feelings because they can tell us.But we don’t know whether the bee is buzzing in anger or in fear. Human babies are silent on the matter，too.It was only in the 1980s that doctors came to believe human babies felt pain.
In recent years, humans have gradually offered membership in the sentience__club not only to their own young，but to some other animals.In the last decade，many countries have begun to ban experimentation on all great apes. And some ocean creatures were recently recognized as sentient. But with insects，the question remains open.
Andrew Barron and Colin Klein are behind much of the foundational work on bees’ brains. In 2016，they published a paper arguing that insects’ brains have the capacity for subjective experience. Their argument follows on from the research of Swedish scientist Bj rn Merker，whose work suggests that the more basic forms of consciousness(意識) are located not in the cortex (大腦皮層)，which insects do not have，but in subcortical structures of the brain，which insects do have.“These subcortical structures are quite big and have a huge amount of processing power，” says Barron.They also argue that these structures may have been the earlier forms of our consciousness during evolutionary development.
Other researchers are digging into the question，too.Jessica Ware notes that she’s unsure what the similarities in these subcortical structures mean for insect consciousness.“We don’t really have enough information to distinguish between what could be consciousness or awareness of the surroundings and what could be us humans interpreting that as consciousness，”she says.
Still, Ware loves the idea of expanding the discussion of consciousness.“The doors are just opening up for further exploration，” she says.“This means we might have stopped looking at what it means to be conscious from a human－centered view.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。昆蟲是否有情感或意識？這個問題仍待確定。研究人員對此有不同的看法。
5.Why is it challenging to determine the emotional states of insects
A.Insects tend to hide their emotions.
B.Insects are not capable of communication.
C.Insects rarely experience human－like emotions.
D.Insects cannot convey their emotions to humans.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第二段的“We’re pretty sure other humans have feelings...in anger or in fear.”可知，我們很確定其他人有情感，因為他們可以告訴我們。但我們不知道蜜蜂是在憤怒還是恐懼中嗡嗡作響。也就是說我們無法確定昆蟲的情感狀態是因為它們無法像人類一樣給我們傳遞自己的情感。]
6.What does the underlined phrase “sentience club” refer to in paragraph 3
A.Animals selected for scientific research.
B.Social clubs founded to protect animals.
C.Creatures recognized as having consciousness.
D.Organizations committed to emotion management.
答案　C　[詞義猜測題。第二段的最后一句話講到嬰兒是有情感的。第三段的“In the last decade...recognized as sentient.”講到一些動物被認為是有情感的。畫線部分后的“their own young”指第二段提及的嬰兒，“some other animals”指第三段列舉的像類人猿和一些海洋生物的動物。再結合選項可推知，畫線部分與C項“被認為有意識的生物”的意思最為接近。]
7.What do Barron and Klein argue about insects’ brains
A.They have developed in similar ways as human brains.
B.They have the competence for emotions and consciousness.
C.They have the same processing power as human beings do.
D.They produce some basic forms of consciousness in the cortex.
答案　B　[細節理解題。第四段講2016年，Barron和Klein發表了一篇論文，認為昆蟲的大腦具有主觀體驗的能力。這一論點是基于瑞典科學家Bj rn Merker的研究。研究表明，更基本的意識形態并不位于昆蟲沒有的大腦皮層中，而是位于昆蟲擁有的大腦皮層下結構。他們還認為，在進化發展過程中，這些結構可能是我們意識的早期形式。由此可知，他們認為昆蟲大腦有情感和意識的能力。]
8.What is Ware’s concern about Barron and Klein’s argument
A.The lack of theoretical foundation.
B.The possibility of misinterpretation.
C.The underestimation of brain function.
D.The use of inappropriate research methods.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。倒數第二段講到Jessica Ware指出，她不確定這些皮層下結構的相似性對昆蟲意識意味著什么，人們真的沒有足夠的信息來區分什么是意識或對周圍環境的感知，以及人類將什么理解為意識。也就是說人們可能對Barron和Klein的論點有誤解。]
Ⅱ.七選五
(2025·福建泉州市高三質檢)
After my family got comfortably settled in Hotel Ramada in Bangkok，we started exploring the city.After endless hours of shopping，it was finally time to go back.
This was when the trouble started.We forgot there are two Ramada hotels in the opposite directions.Absolutely unaware of this，we started searching for the way back.Google maps suggested us the shortest route which was just 20 minutes away by walk. __1__
Bangkok felt different after sunset.Walking along the heavily－crowded roads with the dark－red sky felt beautiful.Lost in our talk，we didn’t realize that we passed onto the quieter part of the town.
__2__ It was closed for redecoration.Unluckily, nobody around us then spoke English.Worse still，we stepped in a local tuk－tuk (三輪車)，which took us to an unknown area for an enormous pay.We had no idea where we were，our mobile phones nearly out of charge.
__3__ He was a taxi driver.Recounting the day’s events proved to be a great conversation starter.We ended up talking through the way.He was so kind as to offer to drive us around for the rest of our stay.__4__ For the next four days，from floating markets to the temples of Wat Pho，our trip wouldn’t have been so trouble free without him.
Sometimes when things don’t go according to plan，I think about the stranger we met on the streets and how a tiny mistake on our part led to unexpected results.__5__
A.That was when our hero arrived.
B.Our thankfulness knew no bounds.
C.We reached a completely different Hotel Ramada.
D.We set off into the city with little research on transport.
E.We decided not to waste our money but our time instead.
F.The trip rings as a reminder that every cloud has a silver lining.
G.He then informed us that our hotel was just a few blocks away.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一家在曼谷旅游時遇到一位好心的司機的故事。
1.E　[上文“Google maps suggested us the shortest route which was just 20 minutes away by walk.”提到谷歌地圖提供了最短的路線，步行只需20分鐘，結合下一段中“Walking along the heavily－crowded roads with the dark－red sky felt beautiful.”可知，作者一家選擇了按推薦的路線步行，E項“我們決定不浪費錢，而是花費時間?！背猩蠁⑾拢蔬xE。]
2.C　[根據下一句“It was closed for redecoration.”可知，作者一家應是到達酒店后發現它關閉了，C項“我們到達了一個完全不同的華美達酒店?！背薪酉挛?。]
3.A　[上一段末句“We had no idea where we were，our mobile phones nearly out of charge.”提到作者一家身陷困境，結合下文“He was a taxi driver.”可知，空處應是提及一個幫助作者一家解決困境的人物，A項“就在這時，我們的英雄來了?！背猩蠁⑾?。]
4.B　[上文“He was so kind as to offer to drive us around for the rest of our stay.”提到那名司機帶作者一行人四處轉轉，結合下文“For the next four days...so trouble free without him.”可知，作者一家應是很感謝那位司機，B項“我們感激不盡?！背猩蠁⑾?。]
5.F　[根據上文“Sometimes when things don’t go according to plan...tiny mistake on our part led to unexpected results.”可知，事情不按原計劃發展時作者總會想起那位陌生人和那次旅行，所以空處應是總結那次旅行得出的教訓，F項“這次旅行提醒我們，黑暗中總有一線光明。”承接上文，故選F。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·杭州高三質檢)
For the past 18 years，my daughter has been around me all the time.Now that she is in college, the __1__ of our relationship has totally changed and our relationship is completely __2__.I’m not going to be there every morning to have breakfast with her.I won’t know when she’s mad or when she’s happy.Here’s a little story of our new __3__.
A week ago，my daughter wanted to __4__ so she called me during the day as I was in meetings.I __5__ her later on，but she was in class. At midnight，she reached me __6__ to ask if we could talk.Well，guess what I was __7__.I thought we would talk the next day，but she was not __8__...
Research shows that parents are __9__ when their children are grown－up，but for me that is when I start to get concerned.I am always left to __10__，how can I，as a parent，remain __11__ to my daughter to guide，support and love through life’s changes
We may have to __12__ the way we communicate.My daughter encouraged me to go digital.That’s how I ventured into the world of social media，following her updates and occasionally sharing my own experiences.Through this __13__ presence，the physical gap is __14__ and I feel I still have an active role in her life.This experience serves as a reminder that __15__，however scary, holds the promise of growth in our shared journey.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了女兒上大學后，作者與女兒的關系背景完全改變，關系也完全不同了。在女兒的鼓勵下，作者通過社交媒體重拾了與女兒的關系。
1.A.problem B.progress
C.goal D.context
答案　D　[上文講在過去的18年里，作者的女兒一直在作者身邊，而現在她上大學了。由此可知，作者與女兒的關系背景完全改變了。]
2.A.cold B.special
C.different D.casual
答案　C　[上文講作者與女兒的關系背景完全改變了；下文講作者現在不能每天早上和女兒一起吃早餐，也不知道她什么時候生氣、什么時候開心。由此可知，作者和女兒的關系也完全不同了。]
3.A.normal B.idea
C.approach D.solution
答案　A　[根據第二段的描述可知，作者講述了一個自己與女兒新常態的小故事。normal在此作名詞，意為“常態”。]
4.A.catch up B.take over
C.check out D.break away
答案　A　[根據空后的“she called me”并結合常識可知，女兒想了解作者近期的動態，所以給作者打電話。]
5.A.visited B.touched
C.tried D.emailed
答案　C　[上文講女兒給作者打電話時，作者正在開會。由此可推知，作者過后試圖聯系女兒。]
6.A.by taxi B.by text
C.in private D.in person
答案　B　[根據上文的“At midnight”并結合常識可推知，女兒在午夜給作者發短信問是否可以談一談。]
7.A.stupid B.angry
C.excited D.asleep
答案　D　[根據上文的“At midnight”和下文的“I thought we would talk the next day”可推知，女兒給作者發短信時，作者睡著了。]
8.A.available B.interested
C.ready D.guilty
答案　A　[根據上文的“I thought we would talk the next day”和but表示轉折關系可推知，作者想第二天再和女兒交流，但是女兒沒空。]
9.A.saddest B.busiest
C.happiest D.best
答案　C　[根據下文的“but for me that is when I start to get concerned”可知，空處描述的狀態與下文的“concerned”相反。再結合常識可知，此處表示研究表明，當孩子長大時，父母是最高興的。]
10.A.decide B.wonder
C.investigate D.distinguish
答案　B　[根據上文的“I start to get concerned”可知，作者開始感到不安，總是在想，作為父母，如何才能在生活的變化中始終與女兒緊密相連，引導、支持和愛她。]
11.A.kind B.appreciative
C.sensitive D.relevant
答案　D　[此處呼應第一段中的“For the past 18 years，my daughter has been around me all the time.”，表示作者想知道如何才能在女兒上大學的情況下，像過去的18年里一樣，一直和女兒緊密相連。]
12.A.voice B.ignore
C.shift D.continue
答案　C　[根據下文的“My daughter encouraged me to go digital...sharing my own experiences.”可知，作者開始改變自己和女兒之間的交流方式。]
13.A.human B.virtual
C.physical D.permanent
答案　B　[根據上文的“I ventured into the world...sharing my own experiences”可知，作者開始進入社交媒體的世界，關注女兒的更新，偶爾分享自己的經歷。由此可知，作者通過這種虛擬的存在，彌合了身體距離，覺得自己仍然在女兒的生活中扮演著積極的角色。]
14.A.widened B.formed
C.broken D.bridged
答案　D　[參見上題解析。]
15.A.college B.relationship
C.change D.communication
答案　C　[通讀全文可知，作者通過改變與女兒的交流方式重拾了與女兒的關系。所以作者通過這次經歷意識到，無論變化多么可怕，它都承載著成長的希望。]
考情速遞　詞匯難度升級的完形填空
高考完形填空重在考查詞匯的“語境化”，同時近年的高考完形詞匯難度不斷升級，本篇完形填空在詞匯考查上契合這一命題趨勢。第3題考查常見形容詞作名詞的含義，第4題考查常見動詞短語的生僻含義，第8題考查派生形容詞的不常見的含義，第12題考查常見名詞作動詞的含義，第14題考查常見名詞作動詞的生僻含義，這些題目不僅要求同學們有較強的詞匯外延能力，還對同學們靈活運用詞匯的能力提出了較高要求，無形中大大增加了試題的難度。
A篇 Para.1 prove v.證明是；證明　Para.2：striking adj.引人注目的，顯著的；嫵媚動人的；標致的，俊秀的 Para.3：at will 隨意地，任意地　Para.6：challenging adj.挑戰性的，考驗能力的　Para.7：commit to 全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
B篇 Para.1：emotional adj.情緒的，情感的　ups and downs 沉浮　team up(與某人)結成一隊，合作　Para.3：gradually adv.逐漸地　experimentation n.實驗　be recognized as... 被認為…… Para.4：foundational adj.基礎的→foundation n.基礎　Para.5：dig into 探究，探尋
B篇 譯文：他們的論點是基于瑞典科學家Bj rn Merker的研究。研究表明，更基本的意識形態并不位于昆蟲沒有的大腦皮層中，而是位于昆蟲擁有的大腦皮層下結構。第四練　人與動物
(分值：47.5分)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分，共20分)
(2025·甘肅高考診斷)
Old dogs may not have an easy time learning new tricks，but it’s not a problem for cockatoos (鳳頭鸚鵡). In fact，researchers believe they teach one another.In Sydney，Australia，these birds have learned to lift the lids of rubbish bins. Then they can enjoy the treats inside.At first only birds in a few suburbs of Sydney could do the trick. But nearly two years later，the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs. Cockatoos proved to be smart birds and good learners.
Cockatoos are some of the most fascinating birds in the world. Members of the parrot family，they live in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia. Their striking good looks，intelligence and social nature make them popular pets.
One of the most distinctive features of cockatoos is the crest (羽冠) of feathers on their heads.The birds can raise or lower these feathers at will.If it is excited or scared，a cockatoo will raise its crest to show its emotions.
Cockatoos have powerful beaks (喙) that they use to open seeds and nuts—or rubbish bin lids.They are also versed in using tools.In the wild，some cockatoos use sticks to get insects out of tree bark. Others use small stones to crack open hard－shelled nuts.
Cockatoos are also very social. In the wild，they form large flocks of up to several hundred individuals.They make different sounds to communicate with one another. They engage in playful behaviours such as dancing and cleaning each other’s feathers.
As pets，the birds can form strong bonds with their owners and be entertaining companions.But cockatoos can be challenging pets to keep.They require a lot of attention and social interaction.If they don’t get them，they can become bored and destroy things. Cockatoos live long lives—around 70 years—making keeping one a serious responsibility.
Rather than committing to caring for one at home，enjoy the birds in the wild.Who knows what trick they will learn next!
1.What is Paragraph 1 aimed at
Clarifying the weakness of old dogs.
Explaining the techniques of cockatoos.
Introducing a study in Sydney，Australia.
Confirming the intelligence of cockatoos.
2.What does the underlined word “versed” in Paragraph 4 mean
Skillful. Inexperienced.
Interested. Hard－working.
3.What is the author’s attitude to keeping a cockatoo at home
Optimistic. Disapproving.
Indifferent. Unclear.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
Pets—Trick or Treat
Cockatoos—Beauty and Brains
Pets—Dogs or Cockatoos
Cockatoos—Social but Shy
(2025·廣州高三調研)
Research is making surprising discoveries about insects.Honeybees have emotional ups and downs.Cockroaches have personalities and team up to make decisions.Fruit flies experience something very like fear.
We’re pretty sure other humans have feelings because they can tell us.But we don’t know whether the bee is buzzing in anger or in fear. Human babies are silent on the matter，too.It was only in the 1980s that doctors came to believe human babies felt pain.
In recent years, humans have gradually offered membership in the sentience__club not only to their own young，but to some other animals.In the last decade，many countries have begun to ban experimentation on all great apes. And some ocean creatures were recently recognized as sentient. But with insects，the question remains open.
Andrew Barron and Colin Klein are behind much of the foundational work on bees’ brains. In 2016，they published a paper arguing that insects’ brains have the capacity for subjective experience. Their argument follows on from the research of Swedish scientist Bj rn Merker，whose work suggests that the more basic forms of consciousness(意識) are located not in the cortex (大腦皮層)，which insects do not have，but in subcortical structures of the brain，which insects do have.“These subcortical structures are quite big and have a huge amount of processing power，” says Barron.They also argue that these structures may have been the earlier forms of our consciousness during evolutionary development.
Other researchers are digging into the question，too.Jessica Ware notes that she’s unsure what the similarities in these subcortical structures mean for insect consciousness.“We don’t really have enough information to distinguish between what could be consciousness or awareness of the surroundings and what could be us humans interpreting that as consciousness，”she says.
Still, Ware loves the idea of expanding the discussion of consciousness.“The doors are just opening up for further exploration，” she says.“This means we might have stopped looking at what it means to be conscious from a human－centered view.”
5.Why is it challenging to determine the emotional states of insects
Insects tend to hide their emotions.
Insects are not capable of communication.
Insects rarely experience human－like emotions.
Insects cannot convey their emotions to humans.
6.What does the underlined phrase “sentience club” refer to in paragraph 3
Animals selected for scientific research.
Social clubs founded to protect animals.
Creatures recognized as having consciousness.
Organizations committed to emotion management.
7.What do Barron and Klein argue about insects’ brains
They have developed in similar ways as human brains.
They have the competence for emotions and consciousness.
They have the same processing power as human beings do.
They produce some basic forms of consciousness in the cortex.
8.What is Ware’s concern about Barron and Klein’s argument
The lack of theoretical foundation.
The possibility of misinterpretation.
The underestimation of brain function.
The use of inappropriate research methods.
Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·福建泉州市高三質檢)
After my family got comfortably settled in Hotel Ramada in Bangkok，we started exploring the city.After endless hours of shopping，it was finally time to go back.
This was when the trouble started.We forgot there are two Ramada hotels in the opposite directions.Absolutely unaware of this，we started searching for the way back.Google maps suggested us the shortest route which was just 20 minutes away by walk. __1__
Bangkok felt different after sunset.Walking along the heavily－crowded roads with the dark－red sky felt beautiful.Lost in our talk，we didn’t realize that we passed onto the quieter part of the town.
__2__ It was closed for redecoration.Unluckily, nobody around us then spoke English.Worse still，we stepped in a local tuk－tuk (三輪車)，which took us to an unknown area for an enormous pay.We had no idea where we were，our mobile phones nearly out of charge.
__3__ He was a taxi driver.Recounting the day’s events proved to be a great conversation starter.We ended up talking through the way.He was so kind as to offer to drive us around for the rest of our stay.__4__ For the next four days，from floating markets to the temples of Wat Pho，our trip wouldn’t have been so trouble free without him.
Sometimes when things don’t go according to plan，I think about the stranger we met on the streets and how a tiny mistake on our part led to unexpected results.__5__
A.That was when our hero arrived.
B.Our thankfulness knew no bounds.
C.We reached a completely different Hotel Ramada.
D.We set off into the city with little research on transport.
E.We decided not to waste our money but our time instead.
F.The trip rings as a reminder that every cloud has a silver lining.
G.He then informed us that our hotel was just a few blocks away.
1.　　　　　　
2.　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小題1分，共15分)
(2025·杭州高三質檢)
For the past 18 years，my daughter has been around me all the time.Now that she is in college, the __1__ of our relationship has totally changed and our relationship is completely __2__.I’m not going to be there every morning to have breakfast with her.I won’t know when she’s mad or when she’s happy.Here’s a little story of our new __3__.
A week ago，my daughter wanted to __4__ so she called me during the day as I was in meetings.I __5__ her later on，but she was in class. At midnight，she reached me __6__ to ask if we could talk.Well，guess what I was __7__.I thought we would talk the next day，but she was not __8__...
Research shows that parents are __9__ when their children are grown－up，but for me that is when I start to get concerned.I am always left to __10__，how can I，as a parent，remain __11__ to my daughter to guide，support and love through life’s changes
We may have to __12__ the way we communicate.My daughter encouraged me to go digital.That’s how I ventured into the world of social media，following her updates and occasionally sharing my own experiences.Through this __13__ presence，the physical gap is __14__ and I feel I still have an active role in her life.This experience serves as a reminder that __15__，however scary, holds the promise of growth in our shared journey.
1.problem progress
goal context
2.cold special
different casual
3.normal idea
approach solution 4.catch up take over
check out break away
5.visited touched
tried emailed
6.by taxi by text
in private in person
7.stupid angry
excited asleep
8.available interested
ready guilty
9.saddest busiest
happiest best
10.decide wonder
investigate distinguish
11.kind appreciative
sensitive relevant
12.voice ignore
shift continue
13.human virtual
physical permanent
14.widened formed
broken bridged
15.college relationship
change communication
A篇 Para.1 prove v.證明是；證明　Para.2：striking adj.引人注目的，顯著的；嫵媚動人的；標致的，俊秀的 Para.3：at will 隨意地，任意地　Para.6：challenging adj.挑戰性的，考驗能力的　Para.7：commit to 全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
B篇 Para.1：emotional adj.情緒的，情感的　ups and downs 沉浮　team up(與某人)結成一隊，合作 Para.3：gradually adv.逐漸地　experimentation n.實驗　be recognized as... 被認為…… Para.4：foundational adj.基礎的→foundation n.基礎　Para.5：dig into 探究，探尋
B篇 譯文：他們的論點是基于瑞典科學家Bj rn Merker的研究。研究表明，更基本的意識形態并不位于昆蟲沒有的大腦皮層中，而是位于昆蟲擁有的大腦皮層下結構。(共35張PPT)
高考同源熱點練
第四練　人與動物
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2025·甘肅高考診斷)
Old dogs may not have an easy time learning new tricks，but it’s not a problem for cockatoos (鳳頭鸚鵡). In fact，researchers believe they teach one another.In Sydney，Australia，these birds have learned to lift the lids of rubbish bins. Then they can enjoy the treats inside.At first only birds in a few suburbs of Sydney could do the trick. But nearly two years later，the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs. Cockatoos proved to be smart birds and good learners.
Cockatoos are some of the most fascinating birds in the world. Members of the parrot family，they live in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia. Their striking good looks，intelligence and social nature make them popular pets.
One of the most distinctive features of cockatoos is the crest (羽冠) of feathers on their heads.The birds can raise or lower these feathers at will.If it is excited or scared，a cockatoo will raise its crest to show its emotions.
Cockatoos have powerful beaks (喙) that they use to open seeds and nuts—or rubbish bin lids.They are also versed in using tools.In the wild，some cockatoos use sticks to get insects out of tree bark. Others use small stones to crack open hard－shelled nuts.
Cockatoos are also very social. In the wild，they form large flocks of up to several hundred individuals.They make different sounds to communicate with one another. They engage in playful behaviours such as dancing and cleaning each other’s feathers.
As pets，the birds can form strong bonds with their owners and be entertaining companions.But cockatoos can be challenging pets to keep.They require a lot of attention and social interaction.If they don’t get them，they can become bored and destroy things. Cockatoos live long lives—around 70 years—making keeping one a serious responsibility.
Rather than committing to caring for one at home，enjoy the birds in the wild.Who knows what trick they will learn next!
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了鳳頭鸚鵡不僅外表美麗，還很聰明，擅長社交。它們可以和主人建立親密的關系，但它們對主人的要求很高。因此，如果沒有做好準備的話，還是讓它們在野外繼續展示自己的技能吧。
1.What is Paragraph 1 aimed at
A.Clarifying the weakness of old dogs.
B.Explaining the techniques of cockatoos.
C.Introducing a study in Sydney，Australia.
D.Confirming the intelligence of cockatoos.
解析 寫作意圖題。根據第一段中的“the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs.Cockatoos proved to be smart birds and good learners.”可知，鳳頭鸚鵡能學會技能，它們非常聰明且是很好的學習者，所以第一段的寫作目的旨在展示鳳頭鸚鵡的才智。
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2.What does the underlined word “versed” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Skillful. B.Inexperienced.
C.Interested. D.Hard－working.
解析 詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后面的“In the wild，some cockatoos...to crack open hard－shelled nuts.”可知，一些鳳頭鸚鵡可以用木棍摳出樹皮下的昆蟲。還有一些可以用小石頭砸開堅硬的堅果。由此可見，它們非常擅長使用工具，故選A。
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3.What is the author’s attitude to keeping a cockatoo at home
A.Optimistic. B.Disapproving.
C.Indifferent. D.Unclear.
解析 觀點態度題。根據最后一段中的“Rather than committing to caring for one at home，enjoy the birds in the wild”可知，與其全心全意在家里照顧鳥兒，不如在野外欣賞鳥兒。由此可見，作者不支持在家飼養鳳頭鸚鵡。
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4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Pets—Trick or Treat
B.Cockatoos—Beauty and Brains
C.Pets—Dogs or Cockatoos
D.Cockatoos—Social but Shy
解析 標題歸納題。本文第一段講到了鳳頭鸚鵡是“smart birds and good learners”，第二段講到了它們有“striking good looks，intelligence”，第四段講到了它們“versed in using tools”，第五段講到了它們喜歡社交，后兩段則講到了它們不太適合作為寵物被飼養。
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(2025·廣州高三調研)
Research is making surprising discoveries about insects.Honeybees have emotional ups and downs.Cockroaches have personalities and team up to make decisions.Fruit flies experience something very like fear.
We’re pretty sure other humans have feelings because they can tell us.But we don’t know whether the bee is buzzing in anger or in fear. Human babies are silent on the matter，too.It was only in the 1980s that doctors came to believe human babies felt pain.
In recent years, humans have gradually offered membership in the sentience__club not only to their own young，but to some other animals.In the last decade，many countries have begun to ban experimentation on all great apes. And some ocean creatures were recently recognized as sentient. But with insects，the question remains open.
Andrew Barron and Colin Klein are behind much of the foundational work on bees’ brains. In 2016，they published a paper arguing that insects’ brains have the capacity for subjective experience. Their argument follows on from the research of Swedish scientist Bj rn Merker，whose work suggests that the more basic forms of consciousness(意識) are located not in the cortex (大腦皮層)，which insects do not have，but in subcortical structures of the brain，which insects do have.“These subcortical structures are quite big and have a huge amount of processing power，” says Barron.They also argue that these structures may have been the earlier forms of our consciousness during evolutionary development.
Other researchers are digging into the question，too.Jessica Ware notes that she’s unsure what the similarities in these subcortical structures mean for insect consciousness.“We don’t really have enough information to distinguish between what could be consciousness or awareness of the surroundings and what could be us humans interpreting that as consciousness，”she says.
Still, Ware loves the idea of expanding the discussion of consciousness.“The doors are just opening up for further exploration，” she says.“This means we might have stopped looking at what it means to be conscious from a human－centered view.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。昆蟲是否有情感或意識？這個問題仍待確定。研究人員對此有不同的看法。
5.Why is it challenging to determine the emotional states of insects
A.Insects tend to hide their emotions.
B.Insects are not capable of communication.
C.Insects rarely experience human－like emotions.
D.Insects cannot convey their emotions to humans.
解析 細節理解題。根據第二段的“We’re pretty sure other humans have feelings...in anger or in fear.”可知，我們很確定其他人有情感，因為他們可以告訴我們。但我們不知道蜜蜂是在憤怒還是恐懼中嗡嗡作響。也就是說我們無法確定昆蟲的情感狀態是因為它們無法像人類一樣給我們傳遞自己的情感。
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6.What does the underlined phrase “sentience club” refer to in paragraph 3
A.Animals selected for scientific research.
B.Social clubs founded to protect animals.
C.Creatures recognized as having consciousness.
D.Organizations committed to emotion management.
解析 詞義猜測題。第二段的最后一句話講到嬰兒是有情感的。第三段的“In the last decade...recognized as sentient.”講到一些動物被認為是有情感的。畫線部分后的“their own young”指第二段提及的嬰兒，“some other animals”指第三段列舉的像類人猿和一些海洋生物的動物。再結合選項可推知，畫線部分與C項“被認為有意識的生物”的意思最為接近。
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7.What do Barron and Klein argue about insects’ brains
A.They have developed in similar ways as human brains.
B.They have the competence for emotions and consciousness.
C.They have the same processing power as human beings do.
D.They produce some basic forms of consciousness in the cortex.
解析 細節理解題。第四段講2016年，Barron和Klein發表了一篇論文，認為昆蟲的大腦具有主觀體驗的能力。這一論點是基于瑞典科學家Bj rn Merker的研究。研究表明，更基本的意識形態并不位于昆蟲沒有的大腦皮層中，而是位于昆蟲擁有的大腦皮層下結構。他們還認為，在進化發展過程中，這些結構可能是我們意識的早期形式。由此可知，他們認為昆蟲大腦有情感和意識的能力。
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8.What is Ware’s concern about Barron and Klein’s argument
A.The lack of theoretical foundation.
B.The possibility of misinterpretation.
C.The underestimation of brain function.
D.The use of inappropriate research methods.
解析 推理判斷題。倒數第二段講到Jessica Ware指出，她不確定這些皮層下結構的相似性對昆蟲意識意味著什么，人們真的沒有足夠的信息來區分什么是意識或對周圍環境的感知，以及人類將什么理解為意識。也就是說人們可能對Barron和Klein的論點有誤解。
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Ⅱ.七選五
(2025·福建泉州市高三質檢)
After my family got comfortably settled in Hotel Ramada in Bangkok，we started exploring the city.After endless hours of shopping，it was finally time to go back.
This was when the trouble started.We forgot there are two Ramada hotels in the opposite directions.Absolutely unaware of this，we started searching for the way back.Google maps suggested us the shortest route which was just 20 minutes away by walk. __1__
Bangkok felt different after sunset.Walking along the heavily－crowded roads with the dark－red sky felt beautiful.Lost in our talk，we didn’t realize that we passed onto the quieter part of the town.
__2__ It was closed for redecoration.Unluckily, nobody around us then spoke English.Worse still，we stepped in a local tuk－tuk (三輪車)，which took us to an unknown area for an enormous pay.We had no idea where we were，our mobile phones nearly out of charge.
__3__ He was a taxi driver.Recounting the day’s events proved to be a great conversation starter.We ended up talking through the way.He was so kind as to offer to drive us around for the rest of our stay.__4__ For the next four days，from floating markets to the temples of Wat Pho，our trip wouldn’t have been so trouble free without him.
Sometimes when things don’t go according to plan，I think about the stranger we met on the streets and how a tiny mistake on our part led to unexpected results.__5__
A.That was when our hero arrived.
B.Our thankfulness knew no bounds.
C.We reached a completely different Hotel Ramada.
D.We set off into the city with little research on transport.
E.We decided not to waste our money but our time instead.
F.The trip rings as a reminder that every cloud has a silver lining.
G.He then informed us that our hotel was just a few blocks away.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一家在曼谷旅游時遇到一位好心的司機的故事。
1.E [上文“Google maps suggested us the shortest route which was just 20 minutes away by walk.”提到谷歌地圖提供了最短的路線，步行只需20分鐘，結合下一段中“Walking along the heavily－crowded roads with the dark－red sky felt beautiful.”可知，作者一家選擇了按推薦的路線步行，E項“我們決定不浪費錢，而是花費時間?！背猩蠁⑾拢蔬xE。]
2.C [根據下一句“It was closed for redecoration.”可知，作者一家應是到達酒店后發現它關閉了，C項“我們到達了一個完全不同的華美達酒店?！背薪酉挛?。]
3.A [上一段末句“We had no idea where we were，our mobile phones nearly out of charge.”提到作者一家身陷困境，結合下文“He was a taxi driver.”可知，空處應是提及一個幫助作者一家解決困境的人物，A項“就在這時，我們的英雄來了?！背猩蠁⑾?。]
4.B [上文“He was so kind as to offer to drive us around for the rest of our stay.”提到那名司機帶作者一行人四處轉轉，結合下文“For the next four days...so trouble free without him.”可知，作者一家應是很感謝那位司機，B項“我們感激不盡?！背猩蠁⑾?。]
5.F [根據上文“Sometimes when things don’t go according to plan...tiny mistake on our part led to unexpected results.”可知，事情不按原計劃發展時作者總會想起那位陌生人和那次旅行，所以空處應是總結那次旅行得出的教訓，F項“這次旅行提醒我們，黑暗中總有一線光明。”承接上文，故選F。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·杭州高三質檢)
For the past 18 years，my daughter has been around me all the time.Now that she is in college, the __1__ of our relationship has totally changed and our relationship is completely __2__.I’m not going to be there every morning to have breakfast with her.I won’t know when she’s mad or when she’s happy.Here’s a little story of our new __3__.
A week ago，my daughter wanted to __4__ so she called me during the day as I was in meetings.I __5__ her later on，but she was in class. At midnight，she reached me __6__ to ask if we could talk.Well，guess what I was __7__.I thought we would talk the next day，but she was not __8__...
Research shows that parents are __9__ when their children are grown－up，but for me that is when I start to get concerned.I am always left to __10__，how can I，as a parent，remain __11__ to my daughter to guide，support and love through life’s changes
We may have to __12__ the way we communicate.My daughter encouraged me to go digital.That’s how I ventured into the world of social media，following her updates and occasionally sharing my own experiences.Through this __13__ presence，the physical gap is __14__ and I feel I still have an active role in her life.This experience serves as a reminder that __15__，however scary, holds the promise of growth in our shared journey.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了女兒上大學后，作者與女兒的關系背景完全改變，關系也完全不同了。在女兒的鼓勵下，作者通過社交媒體重拾了與女兒的關系。
1.A.problem B.progress
C.goal D.context
解析 上文講在過去的18年里，作者的女兒一直在作者身邊，而現在她上大學了。由此可知，作者與女兒的關系背景完全改變了。
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2.A.cold B.special
C.different D.casual
解析 上文講作者與女兒的關系背景完全改變了；下文講作者現在不能每天早上和女兒一起吃早餐，也不知道她什么時候生氣、什么時候開心。由此可知，作者和女兒的關系也完全不同了。
3.A.normal B.idea
C.approach D.solution
解析 根據第二段的描述可知，作者講述了一個自己與女兒新常態的小故事。normal在此作名詞，意為“常態”。
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4.A.catch up B.take over
C.check out D.break away
解析 根據空后的“she called me”并結合常識可知，女兒想了解作者近期的動態，所以給作者打電話。
5.A.visited B.touched
C.tried D.emailed
解析 上文講女兒給作者打電話時，作者正在開會。由此可推知，作者過后試圖聯系女兒。
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6.A.by taxi B.by text
C.in private D.in person
解析 根據上文的“At midnight”并結合常識可推知，女兒在午夜給作者發短信問是否可以談一談。
7.A.stupid B.angry
C.excited D.asleep
解析 根據上文的“At midnight”和下文的“I thought we would talk the next day”可推知，女兒給作者發短信時，作者睡著了。
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8.A.available B.interested
C.ready D.guilty
解析 根據上文的“I thought we would talk the next day”和but表示轉折關系可推知，作者想第二天再和女兒交流，但是女兒沒空。
9.A.saddest B.busiest
C.happiest D.best
解析 根據下文的“but for me that is when I start to get concerned”可知，空處描述的狀態與下文的“concerned”相反。再結合常識可知，此處表示研究表明，當孩子長大時，父母是最高興的。
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10.A.decide B.wonder
C.investigate D.distinguish
解析 根據上文的“I start to get concerned”可知，作者開始感到不安，總是在想，作為父母，如何才能在生活的變化中始終與女兒緊密相連，引導、支持和愛她。
11.A.kind B.appreciative
C.sensitive D.relevant
解析 此處呼應第一段中的“For the past 18 years，my daughter has been around me all the time.”，表示作者想知道如何才能在女兒上大學的情況下，像過去的18年里一樣，一直和女兒緊密相連。
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12.A.voice B.ignore
C.shift D.continue
解析 根據下文的“My daughter encouraged me to go digital...sharing my own experiences.”可知，作者開始改變自己和女兒之間的交流方式。
13.A.human B.virtual
C.physical D.permanent
解析 根據上文的“I ventured into the world...sharing my own experiences”可知，作者開始進入社交媒體的世界，關注女兒的更新，偶爾分享自己的經歷。由此可知，作者通過這種虛擬的存在，彌合了身體距離，覺得自己仍然在女兒的生活中扮演著積極的角色。
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14.A.widened B.formed
C.broken D.bridged
解析 參見上題解析。
15.A.college B.relationship
C.change D.communication
解析 通讀全文可知，作者通過改變與女兒的交流方式重拾了與女兒的關系。所以作者通過這次經歷意識到，無論變化多么可怕，它都承載著成長的希望。
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考情速遞　詞匯難度升級的完形填空
高考完形填空重在考查詞匯的“語境化”，同時近年的高考完形詞匯難度不斷升級，本篇完形填空在詞匯考查上契合這一命題趨勢。第3題考查常見形容詞作名詞的含義，第4題考查常見動詞短語的生僻含義，第8題考查派生形容詞的不常見的含義，第12題考查常見名詞作動詞的含義，第14題考查常見名詞作動詞的生僻含義，這些題目不僅要求同學們有較強的詞匯外延能力，還對同學們靈活運用詞匯的能力提出了較高要求，無形中大大增加了試題的難度。
二次精讀
A篇 Para.1 prove v.證明是；證明　Para.2：striking adj.引人注目的，顯著的；嫵媚動人的；標致的，俊秀的
Para.3：at will 隨意地，任意地　Para.6：challenging adj.挑戰性的，考驗能力的　Para.7：commit to 全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
B篇 Para.1：emotional adj.情緒的，情感的　ups and downs 沉浮　team up(與某人)結成一隊，合作　Para.3：gradually adv.逐漸地　experimentation n.實驗　be recognized as... 被認為……
Para.4：foundational adj.基礎的→foundation n.基礎　Para.5：dig into 探究，探尋
B篇
譯文：他們的論點是基于瑞典科學家Bj rn Merker的研究。研究表明，更基本的意識形態并不位于昆蟲沒有的大腦皮層中，而是位于昆蟲擁有的大腦皮層下結構。

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