資源簡介

第二練　科學發明
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2025·福建適應性考試)
Researchers at MIT created a high－tech pill that starts to vibrate (振動) once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full. The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University.
VIBES，short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator，was only recently made public in a study published in the Science journal，but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans，trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results. After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity，pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill. Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach，modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘腦) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator，which is about the size of a vitamin pill，is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down the coat around the pill，or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect，the pill exits the body with other solid waste.
The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range，and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it.
“Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low－cost，non－operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption. The device functions effectively in the stomach and leads to fullness，” said Giovanni Traverso，co－author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However，future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients.”
Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials on humans.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了麻省理工學院的研究人員研發出了一款神奇的藥丸，人吃上這種藥丸就會產生飽腹感，從而減少食物攝入量，達到減肥的效果。
1.What is the outcome of taking the pill
A.Liquid production.
B.Food storage.
C.A sensation of fullness.
D.Recovery of users.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第一段中的“once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full”可知，一旦吃上這種藥片，人就會產生飽腹感。]
2.Which aspect of the device is mentioned in paragraph 2
A.Its working principle. B.Its intelligence.
C.Its testing history. D.Its side effect.
答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“the revolutionary device works by activating...exits the body with other solid waste”可知，這種革命性的裝置的工作原理是激活胃中的牽張感受器，模擬食物的存在。這反過來又使下丘腦增加能使我們感到飽腹的激素水平。振動刺激器由被包裹的電池供電，通過胃液分解藥丸周圍的涂層，或由被包含的定時器激活。在產生預期的效果后，藥丸與其他固體廢物一起離開身體。由此可見，本段講到了該設備的工作原理。]
3.What is the researchers’ ultimate goal of the device
A.To produce gastric fluid with it.
B.To destroy the coat around it.
C.To fix it in the human body.
D.To remove solid waste from it.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it”可知，研究人員希望最終將該刺激器植入體內，從而使人們不必不斷吞下它。]
4.What is Giovanni Traverso’s attitude towards the future of the device
A.Worried. B.Cautious.
C.Doubtful. D.Confused.
答案　B　[觀點態度題。根據倒數第二段中Giovanni Traverso 所說的話“future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients”可知，在該設備上市之前還需要進行研究以探索其生理效應。據此可以推斷，Giovanni Traverso對該設備的前景持謹慎態度。]
(2025·河南適應性考試)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases. Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells. These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神經元) growth in damaged lab dish regions. This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing，and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin，Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences，and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells，capable of various functions including self－copying，for a limited number of cycles.However，it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study，Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells，with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish，facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells，without changing their DNA，can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works，and asking what else these constructs can do，” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses. These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions，posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce，have no genetic changes，and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家利用人類細胞研發出微型生物機器人，它展現出很多優點，包括優越于先前的“青蛙細胞生物機器人”，且該機器人只能在特定的實驗室條件下生存，不會引發其他風險。
5.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
A.Replace human cells.
B.Facilitate neuron growth.
C.Create new human cells.
D.Move across tissue surfaces.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第一段中的“have exhibited a remarkable healing(治愈)...damaged lab dish regions”可知，該人類細胞生物機器人通過刺激病灶區神經元的生長展現出驚人的治愈效果。由此可知，該微型機器人在治愈病人方面是通過促進神經元生長的方式來完成的。]
6.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Made. B.Divided.
C.Copied. D.Designed.
答案　A　[詞義猜測題。根據第一段第二句可知，Anthrobots可以從人類細胞中研制出來。第三段內容肯定了第一段第二句說明的事實，即“Anthrobots確實可以從人類細胞中研制出來”。畫線詞與make的含義最接近。]
7.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
A.They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
B.They can be used in many controlled environments.
C.They can avoid causing immune responses.
D.They can have genetic changes when necessary.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in...without leading to immune(免疫的) responses.”可知，這種從病人的細胞中構建的微型生物機器人執行愈合任務，不會導致免疫反應。]
8.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
A.Advanced Science. B.Sportsnet Magazine.
C.Art in America. D.National Geography.
答案　A　[文章出處題。本文主要講述科學家從人類細胞中研發了微型生物機器人，這種機器人優于先前的“青蛙細胞生物機器人”。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自《前沿科學》雜志。]
Ⅱ.七選五
(2025·福建適應性考試)
Aesthetic (審美的) education aims to enhance aesthetic perception, experience aesthetic qualities，stimulate aesthetic creativity, and promote aesthetic judgement.
If kids want to be able to appreciate natural wonders，shapes and pictures，they must be able to first notice them.This is why the development of the ability to notice the beautiful is the primary task of aesthetic education.__1__ Kids are incapable of noticing particular shapes if their ability to notice objects and forms is undeveloped.The aesthetic relationship begins with the noticing of aesthetic qualities.
__2__ This means that they generate emotional responses like excitement and joy，enriching individuals’ emotional lives and inspiring artistic expression.The ability to experience feelings aesthetically must also be developed.The cognitive (認知的) elements of the processes that we experience during noticing must also include emotional tones with which we form impressions.__3__ The aim of this task is，with the aid of aesthetic qualities，to enrich the emotional life of children and young people and the development of a sense for aesthetic values.
It is essential to allow children to participate in activities that will develop their creative abilities.__4__ Instead, it is about creativity in the creation of aesthetic values in everyday life.We are not simply born with creative abilities which have to be developed.
Judging or evaluating aesthetic qualities demands formed evaluation criteria. In order to reveal beauty’s true value，we must be familiar with its particularities.Throughout the process of aesthetic education，various types of knowledge，abilities and evaluation criteria must be applied.__5__
A.Aesthetic qualities have to be felt.
B.Beauty can be found all around us.
C.The beautiful will be likely to be created.
D.And it is these that the aesthetic experience is built upon.
E.In some way, this is the ability to perceive aesthetic qualities.
F.This way，the child will develop the foundations for assessing the beautiful.
G.This is not so much about creating aesthetic abilities in the sense of training artists.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了審美教育的目的是增強審美感知、體驗審美品質、激發審美創造力和提高審美判斷力。
1.B　[空前講到了培養發現美的能力是審美教育的首要任務，而空后講到了如果孩子們注意物體和形狀的能力不發達，那么他們就不能注意到特定的形狀，B項“美就在我們身邊。”講到了美的來源，既能承接上文，也能引出下文。]
2.A　[首段講到了審美教育的四個目的，結合上下段可知，該段對應第二個目的：體驗審美品質，A項“審美品質必須被感知。”承接上文，且能引出空后的“這意味著它們會產生興奮和快樂等情感反應，豐富個人的情感生活，激發藝術表達。”。]
3.D　[空前講到了“我們在注意美的過程中所經歷的認知元素也必須包括我們形成印象時使用的情感色彩。”，因此，空處講到的應該是必須包括情感色彩的原因，D項“它們正是審美經歷形成的基礎。”符合語境。]
4.G　[根據空后的“Instead”可知，空處與下文形成了轉折，結合空后的“相反，它是關于在日常生活中創造審美價值的創造力”可知，G項“這并不是說要培養所謂藝術家的審美能力。”符合語境。故選G。]
5.F　[結合上文中的“在整個審美教育的過程中，必須運用各種類型的知識、能力和評價標準。”可知，空處應該會講到這樣做的意義和影響，F項“這樣，孩子就能為判斷美打下基礎。”符合語境。故選F。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024·福建莆田二模)
It was like finding a needle in a haystack.Shelly Romo surveyed what was __1__ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire，hoping to find her wedding ring，expecting to leave __2__.But luckily，after three hours’ __3__ with volunteers，it finally appeared，the diamond __4__ but the band completely damaged.Romo and her husband went straight to No Ka’ Oi Jewelers—a local business that has been __5__ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge.
No Ka’ Oi owner Omi Chamdi said he was one of the __6__ ones—the fires had avoided his home and storefront.That’s why，in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action and advertised __7__ restorations.“When the fires here on Maui occurred，pretty __8__ I decided this is something I can do and I really want to do for the __9__ community.”
However，Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself；__10__ he has been paying for the restoration services.When asked if he ever __11__ that，he shook his head.“These are not just ordinary items，these are the most __12__ possessions that people go back and dig through the __13__ to find.”
__14__，Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home.But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace about __15__.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了Shelly Romo在遭受火災的房屋里找到了自己的結婚戒指，并在一家珠寶店將其免費修復。店主Omi Chamdi在火災發生后想為受災社區做點事情，于是一直在為修復服務買單。
1.A.expected B.reminded
C.left D.robbed
答案　C　[根據上文“It was like finding a needle in a haystack.(這就像大海撈針一樣。)”和下文“hoping to find her wedding ring”可知，Shelly Romo查看被燒毀的房屋殘骸，看看還留下了什么，故選C。]
2.A.bright－eyed B.light－hearted
C.absent－minded D.empty－handed
答案　D　[根據下文“But luckily”以及“it finally appeared”可知，下文提到戒指出現了，此處與下文是轉折關系，故此處指預計會空手而歸。]
3.A.talks B.journey
C.waiting D.efforts
答案　D　[結合下文“it finally appeared”可知，經過志愿者三個小時的努力，戒指被找到了。]
4.A.sound B.broken
C.solid D.gone
答案　A　[根據下文“but the band completely damaged”可知，此處和“completely damaged”意義相反，指鉆石完好無損，sound完好的。]
5.A.recycling B.restoring
C.marketing D.advertising
答案　B　[結合空后的“fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”以及下一段中“restorations”可知，此處指修復被火災損壞的珠寶。]
6.A.distinctive B.lucky
C.helpful D.anxious
答案　B　[根據“the fires had avoided his home and storefront”可知，大火沒有燒到他的家和店面，所以他是幸運的。]
7.A.perfect B.extra
C.free D.instant
答案　C　[根據上文“a local business that has been ________ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”可知，此處指店主宣傳免費修復。]
8.A.quickly B.excitedly
C.cautiously D.hesitantly
答案　A　[根據上文“in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action”可知，Chamdi很快決定做這件事。]
9.A.affected B.nearby
C.calm D.united
答案　A　[根據“When the fires here on Maui occurred”可知，此處指為受火災影響的社區做點事情。]
10.A.therefore B.otherwise
C.nevertheless D.instead
答案　D　[根據上文“Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself”可知，Chamdi自己不修復珠寶；相反，他一直在為修復服務買單。]
11.A.expected B.enjoyed
C.rejected D.regretted
答案　D　[結合“he shook his head”以及下文他談到做這件事的意義可知，此處指他被問及是否后悔。]
12.A.precious B.necessary
C.beautiful D.expensive
答案　A　[根據上文“These are not just ordinary items”可知，這些不僅僅是普通的東西，是珍貴的財產。]
13.A.items B.houses
C.ruins D.boxes
答案　C　[根據上文“Shelly Romo surveyed what was ________ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire”可知，Romo在遭受火災的房子里尋找戒指以及空前的“dig through”可知，此處指在廢墟中挖掘出自己最珍貴的財產。]
14.A.Eventually B.Originally
C.Gradually D.Naturally
答案　B　[根據下文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye”以及“But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace”可知，此處是按時間先后描寫Romo的心境，起初Romo還沒有準備好說再見。]
15.A.rising up B.moving on
C.giving in D.taking off
答案　B　[根據上文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home”以及本句中“But”可知，Romo起初沒有準備好說再見，但是找到并修復好戒指讓Romo對繼續前進感到平靜，指告別過去，繼續前進。]
A篇 Para.1：make contact with...與……接觸　Para.2：encased adj.包裝的；被包住的　activate v.使活動；激活；使活化　incorporate v.將……包括在內；包含；吸收；使并入　revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；徹底變革的；巨變的　stimulate v.刺激(身體器官)；鼓勵；刺激→stimulator n.刺激物→stimulus n.促進因素；激勵因素；刺激物　Para.4：intervene v.出面，介入；阻礙，阻撓，干擾→intervention n.干預，介入；調停　Para.5：clinical adj.臨床的；臨床診斷的　scale up增加；擴大
B篇 Para.1：innovative adj.引進新思想的，采用新方法的；革新的，創新的　transform v.使改變形態　astonishing adj.令人十分驚訝的，使人大為驚奇的，難以置信的　stimulate v.促進，激發；刺激　Para.2：originate from源于　Para.3：outperform v.做得比……更好，勝過　Para.6：be absorbed into被吸收進；被同化
七選五 Para.1：perception n.知覺，感知；看法，見解；洞察力，悟性　Para.5：criterion n.(判斷的)標準(復數criteria)　particularity n.特征，特性，細節，詳情
B篇 譯文：極其有趣而且完全出乎意料的是，正常患者的細胞，在不改變他們的DNA的情況下，可以自行移動，并促使神經元在受損區域生長。第二練　科學發明
(分值：47.5分)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分，共20分)
(2025·福建適應性考試)
Researchers at MIT created a high－tech pill that starts to vibrate (振動) once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full. The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University.
VIBES，short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator，was only recently made public in a study published in the Science journal，but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans，trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results. After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity，pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill. Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach，modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘腦) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator，which is about the size of a vitamin pill，is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down the coat around the pill，or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect，the pill exits the body with other solid waste.
The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range，and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it.
“Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low－cost，non－operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption. The device functions effectively in the stomach and leads to fullness，” said Giovanni Traverso，co－author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However，future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients.”
Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials on humans.
1.What is the outcome of taking the pill
Liquid production.
Food storage.
A sensation of fullness.
Recovery of users.
2.Which aspect of the device is mentioned in paragraph 2
Its working principle.
Its intelligence.
Its testing history.
Its side effect.
3.What is the researchers’ ultimate goal of the device
To produce gastric fluid with it.
To destroy the coat around it.
To fix it in the human body.
To remove solid waste from it.
4.What is Giovanni Traverso’s attitude towards the future of the device
Worried. Cautious.
Doubtful. Confused.
(2025·河南適應性考試)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases. Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells. These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神經元) growth in damaged lab dish regions. This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing，and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin，Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences，and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells，capable of various functions including self－copying，for a limited number of cycles.However，it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study，Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells，with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish，facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells，without changing their DNA，can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works，and asking what else these constructs can do，” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses. These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions，posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce，have no genetic changes，and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
5.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
Replace human cells.
Facilitate neuron growth.
Create new human cells.
Move across tissue surfaces.
6.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
Made. Divided.
Copied. Designed.
7.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
They can be used in many controlled environments.
They can avoid causing immune responses.
They can have genetic changes when necessary.
8.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
Advanced Science.
Sportsnet Magazine.
Art in America.
National Geography.
Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·福建適應性考試)
Aesthetic (審美的) education aims to enhance aesthetic perception, experience aesthetic qualities，stimulate aesthetic creativity, and promote aesthetic judgement.
If kids want to be able to appreciate natural wonders，shapes and pictures，they must be able to first notice them.This is why the development of the ability to notice the beautiful is the primary task of aesthetic education.__1__ Kids are incapable of noticing particular shapes if their ability to notice objects and forms is undeveloped.The aesthetic relationship begins with the noticing of aesthetic qualities.
__2__ This means that they generate emotional responses like excitement and joy，enriching individuals’ emotional lives and inspiring artistic expression.The ability to experience feelings aesthetically must also be developed.The cognitive (認知的) elements of the processes that we experience during noticing must also include emotional tones with which we form impressions.__3__ The aim of this task is，with the aid of aesthetic qualities，to enrich the emotional life of children and young people and the development of a sense for aesthetic values.
It is essential to allow children to participate in activities that will develop their creative abilities.__4__ Instead, it is about creativity in the creation of aesthetic values in everyday life.We are not simply born with creative abilities which have to be developed.
Judging or evaluating aesthetic qualities demands formed evaluation criteria. In order to reveal beauty’s true value，we must be familiar with its particularities.Throughout the process of aesthetic education，various types of knowledge，abilities and evaluation criteria must be applied.__5__
A.Aesthetic qualities have to be felt.
B.Beauty can be found all around us.
C.The beautiful will be likely to be created.
D.And it is these that the aesthetic experience is built upon.
E.In some way, this is the ability to perceive aesthetic qualities.
F.This way，the child will develop the foundations for assessing the beautiful.
G.This is not so much about creating aesthetic abilities in the sense of training artists.
1.　　　　　　
2.　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小題1分，共15分)
(2024·福建莆田二模)
It was like finding a needle in a haystack.Shelly Romo surveyed what was __1__ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire，hoping to find her wedding ring，expecting to leave __2__.But luckily，after three hours’ __3__ with volunteers，it finally appeared，the diamond __4__ but the band completely damaged.Romo and her husband went straight to No Ka’ Oi Jewelers—a local business that has been __5__ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge.
No Ka’ Oi owner Omi Chamdi said he was one of the __6__ ones—the fires had avoided his home and storefront.That’s why，in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action and advertised __7__restorations.“When the fires here on Maui occurred，pretty __8__ I decided this is something I can do and I really want to do for the __9__ community.”
However，Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself；__10__ he has been paying for the restoration services.When asked if he ever __11__ that，he shook his head.“These are not just ordinary items，these are the most __12__ possessions that people go back and dig through the __13__ to find.”
__14__，Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home.But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace about __15__.
1.expected reminded
left robbed
2.bright－eyed light－hearted
absent－minded empty－handed
3.talks journey
waiting efforts
4.sound broken
solid gone
5.recycling restoring
marketing advertising
6.distinctive lucky
helpful anxious
7.perfect extra
free instant
8.quickly excitedly
cautiously hesitantly
9.affected nearby
calm united
10.therefore otherwise
nevertheless instead
11.expected enjoyed
rejected regretted
12.precious necessary
beautiful expensive
13.items houses
ruins boxes
14.Eventually Originally
Gradually Naturally
15.rising up moving on
giving in taking off
A篇 Para.1：make contact with...與……接觸　Para.2：encased adj.包裝的；被包住的　activate v.使活動；激活；使活化　incorporate v.將……包括在內；包含；吸收；使并入　revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；徹底變革的；巨變的　stimulate v.刺激(身體器官)；鼓勵；刺激→stimulator n.刺激物→stimulus n.促進因素；激勵因素；刺激物　Para.4：intervene v.出面，介入；阻礙，阻撓，干擾→intervention n.干預，介入；調停　Para.5：clinical adj.臨床的；臨床診斷的　scale up增加；擴大
B篇 Para.1：innovative adj.引進新思想的，采用新方法的；革新的，創新的　transform v.使改變形態 astonishing adj.令人十分驚訝的，使人大為驚奇的，難以置信的　stimulate v.促進，激發；刺激 Para.2：originate from源于　Para.3：outperform v.做得比……更好，勝過　Para.6：be absorbed into被吸收進；被同化
七選五 Para.1：perception n.知覺，感知；看法，見解；洞察力，悟性　Para.5：criterion n.(判斷的)標準(復數criteria)　particularity n.特征，特性，細節，詳情
B篇 譯文：極其有趣而且完全出乎意料的是，正常患者的細胞，在不改變他們的DNA的情況下，可以自行移動，并促使神經元在受損區域生長。(共36張PPT)
高考同源熱點練
第二練　科學發明
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2025·福建適應性考試)
Researchers at MIT created a high－tech pill that starts to vibrate (振動) once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full. The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University.
VIBES，short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator，was only recently made public in a study published in the Science journal，but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans，trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results. After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity，pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill. Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach，modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘腦) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator，which is about the size of a vitamin pill，is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down the coat around the pill，or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect，the pill exits the body with other solid waste.
The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range，and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it.
“Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low－cost，non－operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption. The device functions effectively in the stomach and leads to fullness，” said Giovanni Traverso，co－author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However，future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients.”
Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials on humans.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了麻省理工學院的研究人員研發出了一款神奇的藥丸，人吃上這種藥丸就會產生飽腹感，從而減少食物攝入量，達到減肥的效果。
1.What is the outcome of taking the pill
A.Liquid production.
B.Food storage.
C.A sensation of fullness.
D.Recovery of users.
解析 細節理解題。根據第一段中的“once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full”可知，一旦吃上這種藥片，人就會產生飽腹感。
√
2.Which aspect of the device is mentioned in paragraph 2
A.Its working principle. B.Its intelligence.
C.Its testing history. D.Its side effect.
解析 推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“the revolutionary device works by activating...exits the body with other solid waste”可知，這種革命性的裝置的工作原理是激活胃中的牽張感受器，模擬食物的存在。這反過來又使下丘腦增加能使我們感到飽腹的激素水平。振動刺激器由被包裹的電池供電，通過胃液分解藥丸周圍的涂層，或由被包含的定時器激活。在產生預期的效果后，藥丸與其他固體廢物一起離開身體。由此可見，本段講到了該設備的工作原理。
√
3.What is the researchers’ ultimate goal of the device
A.To produce gastric fluid with it.
B.To destroy the coat around it.
C.To fix it in the human body.
D.To remove solid waste from it.
解析 細節理解題。根據第三段中的“it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it”可知，研究人員希望最終將該刺激器植入體內，從而使人們不必不斷吞下它。
√
4.What is Giovanni Traverso’s attitude towards the future of the device
A.Worried. B.Cautious.
C.Doubtful. D.Confused.
解析 觀點態度題。根據倒數第二段中Giovanni Traverso 所說的話“future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients”可知，在該設備上市之前還需要進行研究以探索其生理效應。據此可以推斷，Giovanni Traverso對該設備的前景持謹慎態度。
√
(2025·河南適應性考試)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases. Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells. These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神經元) growth in damaged lab dish regions. This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing，and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin，Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences，and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells，capable of various functions including self－copying，for a limited number of cycles.However，it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study，Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells，with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish，facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells，without changing their DNA，can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works，and asking what else these constructs can do，” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses. These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions，posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce，have no genetic changes，and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家利用人類細胞研發出微型生物機器人，它展現出很多優點，包括優越于先前的“青蛙細胞生物機器人”，且該機器人只能在特定的實驗室條件下生存，不會引發其他風險。
5.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
A.Replace human cells.
B.Facilitate neuron growth.
C.Create new human cells.
D.Move across tissue surfaces.
解析 細節理解題。根據第一段中的“have exhibited a remarkable healing(治愈)...damaged lab dish regions”可知，該人類細胞生物機器人通過刺激病灶區神經元的生長展現出驚人的治愈效果。由此可知，該微型機器人在治愈病人方面是通過促進神經元生長的方式來完成的。
√
6.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Made. B.Divided.
C.Copied. D.Designed.
解析 詞義猜測題。根據第一段第二句可知，Anthrobots可以從人類細胞中研制出來。第三段內容肯定了第一段第二句說明的事實，即“Anthrobots確實可以從人類細胞中研制出來”。畫線詞與make的含義最接近。
√
7.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
A.They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
B.They can be used in many controlled environments.
C.They can avoid causing immune responses.
D.They can have genetic changes when necessary.
解析 細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in...without leading to immune(免疫的) responses.”可知，這種從病人的細胞中構建的微型生物機器人執行愈合任務，不會導致免疫反應。
√
8.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
A.Advanced Science. B.Sportsnet Magazine.
C.Art in America. D.National Geography.
解析 文章出處題。本文主要講述科學家從人類細胞中研發了微型生物機器人，這種機器人優于先前的“青蛙細胞生物機器人”。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自《前沿科學》雜志。
√
Ⅱ.七選五
(2025·福建適應性考試)
Aesthetic (審美的) education aims to enhance aesthetic perception, experience aesthetic qualities，stimulate aesthetic creativity, and promote aesthetic judgement.
If kids want to be able to appreciate natural wonders，shapes and pictures，they must be able to first notice them.This is why the development of the ability to notice the beautiful is the primary task of aesthetic education.__1__ Kids are incapable of noticing particular shapes if their ability to notice objects and forms is undeveloped.The aesthetic relationship begins with the noticing of aesthetic qualities.
__2__ This means that they generate emotional responses like excitement and joy，enriching individuals’ emotional lives and inspiring artistic expression.The ability to experience feelings aesthetically must also be developed.The cognitive (認知的) elements of the processes that we experience during noticing must also include emotional tones with which we form impressions.__3__ The aim of this task is，with the aid of aesthetic qualities，to enrich the emotional life of children and young people and the development of a sense for aesthetic values.
It is essential to allow children to participate in activities that will develop their creative abilities.__4__ Instead, it is about creativity in the creation of aesthetic values in everyday life.We are not simply born with creative abilities which have to be developed.
Judging or evaluating aesthetic qualities demands formed evaluation criteria. In order to reveal beauty’s true value，we must be familiar with its particularities.Throughout the process of aesthetic education，various types of knowledge，abilities and evaluation criteria must be applied.__5__
A.Aesthetic qualities have to be felt.
B.Beauty can be found all around us.
C.The beautiful will be likely to be created.
D.And it is these that the aesthetic experience is built upon.
E.In some way, this is the ability to perceive aesthetic qualities.
F.This way，the child will develop the foundations for assessing the beautiful.
G.This is not so much about creating aesthetic abilities in the sense of training artists.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了審美教育的目的是增強審美感知、體驗審美品質、激發審美創造力和提高審美判斷力。
1.B [空前講到了培養發現美的能力是審美教育的首要任務，而空后講到了如果孩子們注意物體和形狀的能力不發達，那么他們就不能注意到特定的形狀，B項“美就在我們身邊。”講到了美的來源，既能承接上文，也能引出下文。]
2.A [首段講到了審美教育的四個目的，結合上下段可知，該段對應第二個目的：體驗審美品質，A項“審美品質必須被感知。”承接上文，且能引出空后的“這意味著它們會產生興奮和快樂等情感反應，豐富個人的情感生活，激發藝術表達。”。]
3.D [空前講到了“我們在注意美的過程中所經歷的認知元素也必須包括我們形成印象時使用的情感色彩。”，因此，空處講到的應該是必須包括情感色彩的原因，D項“它們正是審美經歷形成的基礎。”符合語境。]
4.G [根據空后的“Instead”可知，空處與下文形成了轉折，結合空后的“相反，它是關于在日常生活中創造審美價值的創造力”可知，G項“這并不是說要培養所謂藝術家的審美能力。”符合語境。故選G。]
5.F [結合上文中的“在整個審美教育的過程中，必須運用各種類型的知識、能力和評價標準。”可知，空處應該會講到這樣做的意義和影響，F項“這樣，孩子就能為判斷美打下基礎。”符合語境。故選F。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024·福建莆田二模)
It was like finding a needle in a haystack.Shelly Romo surveyed what was __1__ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire，hoping to find her wedding ring，expecting to leave __2__.But luckily，after three hours’ __3__ with volunteers，it finally appeared，the diamond __4__ but the band completely damaged.Romo and her husband went straight to No Ka’ Oi Jewelers—a local business that has been __5__ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge.
No Ka’ Oi owner Omi Chamdi said he was one of the __6__ ones—the fires had avoided his home and storefront.That’s why，in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action and advertised __7__ restorations.“When the fires here on Maui occurred，pretty __8__ I decided this is something I can do and I really want to do for the __9__ community.”
However，Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself；__10__ he has been paying for the restoration services.When asked if he ever __11__ that，he shook his head.“These are not just ordinary items，these are the most __12__ possessions that people go back and dig through the __13__ to find.”
__14__，Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home.But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace about __15__.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了Shelly Romo在遭受火災的房屋里找到了自己的結婚戒指，并在一家珠寶店將其免費修復。店主Omi Chamdi在火災發生后想為受災社區做點事情，于是一直在為修復服務買單。
1.A.expected B.reminded
C.left D.robbed
解析 根據上文“It was like finding a needle in a haystack.(這就像大海撈針一樣。)”和下文“hoping to find her wedding ring”可知，Shelly Romo查看被燒毀的房屋殘骸，看看還留下了什么，故選C。
2.A.bright－eyed B.light－hearted
C.absent－minded D.empty－handed
解析 根據下文“But luckily”以及“it finally appeared”可知，下文提到戒指出現了，此處與下文是轉折關系，故此處指預計會空手而歸。
√
√
3.A.talks B.journey
C.waiting D.efforts
解析 結合下文“it finally appeared”可知，經過志愿者三個小時的努力，戒指被找到了。
4.A.sound B.broken
C.solid D.gone
解析 根據下文“but the band completely damaged”可知，此處和“completely damaged”意義相反，指鉆石完好無損，sound完好的。
√
√
5.A.recycling B.restoring
C.marketing D.advertising
解析 結合空后的“fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”以及下一段中“restorations”可知，此處指修復被火災損壞的珠寶。
6.A.distinctive B.lucky
C.helpful D.anxious
解析 根據“the fires had avoided his home and storefront”可知，大火沒有燒到他的家和店面，所以他是幸運的。
√
√
7.A.perfect B.extra
C.free D.instant
解析 根據上文“a local business that has been ________ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”可知，此處指店主宣傳免費修復。
8.A.quickly B.excitedly
C.cautiously D.hesitantly
解析 根據上文“in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action”可知，Chamdi很快決定做這件事。
√
√
9.A.affected B.nearby
C.calm D.united
解析 根據“When the fires here on Maui occurred”可知，此處指為受火災影響的社區做點事情。
10.A.therefore B.otherwise
C.nevertheless D.instead
解析 根據上文“Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself”可知，Chamdi自己不修復珠寶；相反，他一直在為修復服務買單。
√
√
11.A.expected B.enjoyed
C.rejected D.regretted
解析 結合“he shook his head”以及下文他談到做這件事的意義可知，此處指他被問及是否后悔。
12.A.precious B.necessary
C.beautiful D.expensive
解析 根據上文“These are not just ordinary items”可知，這些不僅僅是普通的東西，是珍貴的財產。
√
√
13.A.items B.houses
C.ruins D.boxes
解析 根據上文“Shelly Romo surveyed what was ________ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire”可知，Romo在遭受火災的房子里尋找戒指以及空前的“dig through”可知，此處指在廢墟中挖掘出自己最珍貴的財產。
14.A.Eventually B.Originally
C.Gradually D.Naturally
解析 根據下文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye”以及“But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace”可知，此處是按時間先后描寫Romo的心境，起初Romo還沒有準備好說再見。
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√
15.A.rising up B.moving on
C.giving in D.taking off
解析 根據上文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home”以及本句中“But”可知，Romo起初沒有準備好說再見，但是找到并修復好戒指讓Romo對繼續前進感到平靜，指告別過去，繼續前進。
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二次精讀
A篇 Para.1：make contact with...與……接觸　Para.2：encased adj.包裝的；被包住的　activate v.使活動；激活；使活化　incorporate v.將……包括在內；包含；吸收；使并入　revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；徹底變革的；巨變的　stimulate v.刺激(身體器官)；鼓勵；刺激→stimulator n.刺激物→stimulus n.促進因素；激勵因素；刺激物　Para.4：intervene v.出面，介入；阻礙，阻撓，干擾→intervention n.干預，介入；調停　
Para.5：clinical adj.臨床的；臨床診斷的　scale up增加；擴大
B篇 Para.1：innovative adj.引進新思想的，采用新方法的；革新的，創新的　transform v.使改變形態　astonishing adj.令人十分驚訝的，使人大為驚奇的，難以置信的　stimulate v.促進，激發；刺激　Para.2：originate from源于　Para.3：outperform v.做得比……更好，勝過　Para.6：be absorbed into被吸收進；被同化
七選五 Para.1：perception n.知覺，感知；看法，見解；洞察力，悟性　
Para.5：criterion n.(判斷的)標準(復數criteria)　particularity n.特征，特性，細節，詳情
B篇
譯文：極其有趣而且完全出乎意料的是，正常患者的細胞，在不改變他們的DNA的情況下，可以自行移動，并促使神經元在受損區域生長。

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