資源簡介

系列二　不可不會的變形詞
Ⅰ.近5年高考考過的派生詞、合成詞
Day 1(詞綴派生類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (en- “使成為某種狀態(tài)”+danger“危險; 風(fēng)險”+-ed→endangered adj. 瀕臨滅絕的,瀕危的)
2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)UPCOMING EVENTS (up“向上”+come“來; 來到”+-ing→upcoming adj.即將來臨/發(fā)生的)
3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(member “成員; 會員”+-ship“集體;狀態(tài)”→membership n.會員數(shù))
4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. (multi- “很多”+task “任務(wù)”→multitask v. 同時執(zhí)行多項任務(wù))
5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.(bio- “生命;生物”+diversity“多樣性”→biodiversity n. 生物多樣性)
6.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本).(out-“勝過、超過” +number“數(shù)目, 數(shù)量”→outnumber v. 比……多)
7.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it. (likely“可能的” +-hood“表示‘情況,狀態(tài);性質(zhì)等’”→likelihood n. 可能(性))
8.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.(over- “過度;過分”+sample “樣品;標(biāo)本”→oversample v.過度采樣)
9.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.(de- “去掉” +motivate “作為……的動力;使具有……的動機(jī)”→demotivate v. 使失去動力)
10.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. (environment “環(huán)境”+-al“與……有關(guān)的”+-ist“從事某種職業(yè)的人”→environmentalist n.環(huán)保主義者)
11.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. (in- “不;無;非”+appropriate“合適的”+-ly→inappropriately adv.不合適地)
12.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.(photograph“拍照”+-y→photography n.攝影;攝影術(shù))
13.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit (ride“乘坐, 搭乘”+-er“做某事的人” +-ship“集體”→ridership n.客流量)
14.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)How are the stories categorized in the kiosk (category“種類, 類別”+-ize→categorize v.將……分類)
15.(2024·全國甲卷)Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. (modern“現(xiàn)代的”+-ize+-ation→modernization n.現(xiàn)代化)
16.(2024·全國甲卷)For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (補給).(re-“再;重復(fù);重新” +fuel“燃料”→refuel v.補充燃料,加油)
17.(2024·全國甲卷)You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. (un-+predict“預(yù)料”+-able→unpredictable adj.難以預(yù)料的)
18.(2023·全國甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.(attract“吸引”+-ant+-free“沒有……的”→attractant-free adj.沒有引誘物的)
19.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(cor-“和……一道/一起”+relate“有聯(lián)系的”→correlate v.相互關(guān)聯(lián)影響)
20.(2023·全國甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.(de-“除掉,去掉”+list“名單,清單”→de-list v.把……從名單中劃去)
Day 2(詞綴派生類)
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皺) paper.(im-“不,非”+perfect“完美的”+-ion→imperfection n.不完美)
2.(2022·天津6月卷)In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. (in-“不,非”+distinguishable“可辨認(rèn)的”→indistinguishable adj.不可辨認(rèn)的)
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)...we find today is the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and cultural evolution...(inter-“在……之間”+play“作用,影響”→interplay n.相互影響)
4.(2022·浙江6月卷)In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. (multi-“多個”+culture“文化”+-al→multicultural adj.多元文化的)
5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Participation in a post-visit survey is required. (post-“后,以后”+visit“訪問”→post-visit adj.訪問后的)
6.(2022·全國乙卷)Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15.There is no re-admission. (re-“再,回”+admission“進(jìn)入”→re-admission n.允許再次進(jìn)入)
7.(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. (self-“自身的,對自身”+employ“雇用”+-ed→self-employed adj.個體經(jīng)營的,單干的)
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We waste food unintentionally at times. (un-“非,不”+intentionally“故意地”→unintentionally adv.無意地)
9.(2022·全國乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people ...inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. (un-“非,不”+interrupt“打斷”+-ed→uninterrupted adj.不間斷的)
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
(①un-“未,不”+protect“保護(hù)”+-ed→unprotected adj.未受保護(hù)的　②in-“不,非”+consistency“一致性”→inconsistency n.不一致)
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
(un-“非,不”+thinking“思想的,有思考力的”+-ly→unthinkingly adv.不假思索地)
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)High conscientiousness is related to low job performance...(conscientious“勤勉認(rèn)真的”+-ness→conscientiousness n.勤勉認(rèn)真)
13.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. (①function“功能”+-al+-ity→functionality n.功能性　②adapt“適應(yīng)”+-ive+-ly→adaptively adv.適應(yīng)地)
14.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. (popular“普遍的,流行的”+-ize+-ation→popularization n.推廣;普及)
15.(2021·北京卷)Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet... (concept“概念”+-ual+-ize“使……化”→conceptualize v.將……概念化)
Day 3(詞綴派生類)
1.(2021·全國乙卷)The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;however, the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups. (①in-“不,非”+significant“重要的”→insignificant adj.微不足道的　②out-“超過”+perform“做,表現(xiàn)”→outperform v.做得比……好,勝過)
2.(2021·天津 3月卷)We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. (inter-“相互”+connect“聯(lián)系”+-ed+-ness→interconnectedness n.互聯(lián)性)
3.(2021·北京卷)The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics.(ir-“不,非”+regular“有規(guī)律的”+-ity→irregularity n.無規(guī)律的事物)
4.(2021·浙江6月卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.(ir-“不,非”+resistible“可抗拒的”→irresistible adj.無法抗拒的)
5.(2021·浙江1月卷)Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. (non-“無,沒有”+verbal“言語的”→non-verbal adj.非語言的)
6.(2021·全國甲卷)When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief — they were unacknowleged and rejected by others. (un-“非,不”+acknowledge“認(rèn)可,承認(rèn)”+-ed→unacknowledged adj.不被承認(rèn)的)
7.(2021·全國乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影響) travel to undisturbed places. (un-“非,不”+disturb“干擾”+-ed→undisturbed adj.未被打攪的)
8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. (dis-“不,非,相反”+qualify“使取得資格”+-cation→disqualification n.取消資格)
9.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs (em-“使處于某種狀態(tài)”+power“能量”→empower. v.給予……權(quán)力)
10.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. (multi-“多個”+generation“一代人”+-al→multigenerational adj.多代的)
11.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. (off-“不在……上,離開”+set“舞臺,攝影場”→off-set adj. 在拍攝場外的)
12.(2020·北京卷)Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. (out-“超越,超過”+pace“速度”→outpace v.(在速度上)超過,比……快)
13.(2020·天津卷)This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”. (re-“再,又,重新”+define“定義”→redefine v.重新定義)
14.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. (self-“自己”+power“驅(qū)動”+-ed→self-powered adj.自供電的)
15.(2020·北京卷)In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” (ultra-“極,超過某限度”+intelligent“智能的”→ultra-intelligent adj.超智能的)
Day 4(合成名詞類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.(data“數(shù)據(jù)” + set“套;組;集”→dataset n.數(shù)據(jù)集)
2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. (spell“拼寫”+checker“檢查程序”+-er→spellchecker n.拼寫檢查程序)
3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. (sun“太陽”+screen“掩護(hù)物”→sunscreen n.防曬霜)
4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革). (road“路” + map“地圖”→roadmap n.路線圖)
5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (down“向下” + fall“降落, 落下”→downfall n.衰落)
6.(2024·全國甲卷)Then create your own masterpiece! [master“大師”+piece“(文章、藝術(shù)品、音樂作品的)一件,一篇,一首”→masterpiece n.杰作;代表作]
7.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (spring“跳”+board“板”→springboard n.跳板;基礎(chǔ))
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. (hunter“狩獵者”+gatherer“采集者”→hunter-gatherer n.狩獵采集者)
9.(2022·全國甲卷)Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (shape“形狀”+recognition“識別”→shape-recognition n.形狀識別)
10.(2022·全國甲卷)Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. (trial“試驗”+and+error“錯誤”→trial-and-error n.反復(fù)試驗;不斷摸索)
11.(2022·浙江1月卷)The downturn hit the real estate (房地產(chǎn)) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. (down“向下”+turn“轉(zhuǎn)變”→downturn n.下降;衰退)
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter... (go“去”+getter“獲得者”+er→go-getter n.積極進(jìn)取的人;實干家)
13.(2022·北京卷)He was treated for frostbite on his hands. (frost“嚴(yán)寒天氣”+bite“咬”→frostbite n.凍傷;凍瘡)
14.(2021·天津3月卷)The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. (draw“拉”+back“向后”→扯后腿的事物→drawback n.缺點;不利條件)
15.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. (stand“站”+point“地點”→standpoint n.立場;觀點)
16.(2020·浙江卷)For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. (cure“治愈”+all“一切”→cure-all n.萬靈藥;靈丹妙藥)
Day 5(合成動詞類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (side“邊” + line“邊線”→sideline v.把……排除在核心之外;使靠邊)
2.(2024·全國甲卷)We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. (show“顯示”+case“情況”→showcase v.展示)
3.(2023·全國乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. (sky“天空”+rocket“火箭”→skyrocket v.急速增長;猛長)
4.(2022·全國甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (kick“踢”+start“開始”→用腳啟動→kick-start v.促使……開始;使……盡快啟動)
5.(2021·全國甲卷)It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. (black“黑色的”+list“名單”→blacklist v.把……列入黑名單)
6.(2021·北京卷)One’s potential cannot always be underrated. (under-“不足;未”+rate“評價,評估”→underrate v.低估)
7.(2021·北京卷)Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. (counter-“反對,對立”+act“行為”→counteract v.抵制;抵消)
Day 6(合成形容詞類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.(eye“眼” + catch“吸引” + -ing→eye-catching adj.搶眼的,引人注目的)
2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)They are becoming outdated.(out-“超過” +dated“過時的”→outdated adj.過時的)
3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. (old“古老的”+fashion“時髦, 時尚”+-ed→old-fashioned adj.(人)守舊的)
4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. (breath“呼吸”+take“帶走”+-ing→breathtaking adj.令人驚嘆的)
5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. (single“單個的”+use“使用”→single-use adj.一次性的)
6.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. (extinction“滅絕” + level“水平, 等級”→extinction-level adj.滅絕級別的)
7.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. (down“向下” + to“到”+ earth“地球,大地”→down-to-earth adj.腳踏實地的)
8.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Visit during off-peak times.(off“離開”+peak“高峰”→off-peak adj.淡季的;非高峰期的)
9.(2024·全國甲卷)The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. (government“政府”+sponsor“資助”+-ed→government-sponsored adj.由政府資助的)
10.(2023·全國甲卷)It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (back“背部”+break“使折斷”+-ing→backbreaking adj.非常繁重的;吃力的)
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
(①ground“地”+break“打破”+-ing→ground-breaking adj.開辟新天地的;開拓性的　②diet“日常飲食”+related“相關(guān)的”→diet-related adj.日常飲食相關(guān)的)
12.(2022·全國甲卷)It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away...
(jaw“下巴”+drop“使掉下”+-ing→jaw-dropping adj.令人大驚失色的)
13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. (hand“手”+free“自由的”→hands-free adj.免提的)
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. (high“高的”+intensity“強(qiáng)度”→high-intensity adj.高強(qiáng)度的)
15.(2022·全國乙卷)A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms. (hair“毛發(fā)”+raise“使直立”+-ing→hair-raising adj.使人毛骨悚然的;驚險的)
16.(2022·全國乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. (high“高的”+tension“電壓”→high-tension adj.高(電)壓的)
17.(2022·全國乙卷)Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax ... (milk“奶”+-based“以……為重要部分的”→milk-based adj.以奶為主的)
18.(2022·全國乙卷)It is a short-sighted decision. (short“短的”+-sighted“有……視力的”→short-sighted adj.目光短淺的;無遠(yuǎn)見的)
19.(2022·全國甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey the Belt and Road route (路線) by foot.
(visually“視覺地”+challenged“傷殘的”→visually-challenged adj.視覺有缺陷的)
Day 7(合成形容詞類)
1.(2022·浙江1月卷)I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals. (independent“獨立的”+-spirited“有某種精神的”→independent-spirited adj.精神獨立的)
2.(2022·浙江1月卷)She earns a basic and tax-free salary. (tax“稅”+-free“不收費”→tax-free adj.免稅的)
3.(2022·浙江6月卷)Markman also promotes off-task time. (off“不在……上,離開”+task“任務(wù)”→off-task adj.非任務(wù)的)
4.(2022·天津6月卷)Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact ... (main“主要的”+stream“溪流”→mainstream adj.主流的)
5.(2022·北京卷)Peer (同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning program available to students enrolled (注冊) in most core units of study in our business school. (peer“同伴”+facilitate“促進(jìn)”+-ed→peer-facilitated adj.同伴促進(jìn)的)
6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. (best“最好”+rate“評價,評估”+-ed→best-rated adj.評價最高的)
7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. (up“向上”+and+coming“即將到來”→up-and-coming adj.有前途的)
8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. (skill“技能”+-based“以……為基礎(chǔ)的”→skill-based adj.基于技能的)
9.(2021·浙江6月卷) Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. (like“相似的”+-minded“思維……的”→like-minded adj.想法相同的,志趣相投的)
10.(2021·浙江6月卷)Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. (down“順著”+stream“小河,溪”→downstream adj.引發(fā)的,隨之產(chǎn)生的)
11.(2021·北京卷)Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway. (under“在……過程中”+way“路線,道路”→underway adj.已經(jīng)開始,進(jìn)行中的)
12.(天津3月卷)Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. (well“好地”+live“生活,過日子”+-ed→well-lived adj.美好的)
13.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. (one“一”+off“不會再發(fā)生”→one-off adj.一次性的)
14.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them ...”(guilt“內(nèi)疚,罪責(zé)”+free“沒有……的”→guilt-free adj.沒有負(fù)罪感的)
15.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape. (realistic“逼真的,栩栩如生的”+look“相貌”+ing→realistic-looking adj.相貌逼真的)
16.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. (sea“海”+dwell“居住”+-ing→sea-dwelling adj.在海上居住的)
17.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. (well“非常”+rounded“全面的”→well-rounded adj.全面的)
18.(2020·北京卷)In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. (drug“藥”+resistant“耐……的”→drug-resistant adj.耐藥的)
Ⅱ.易錯派生詞
　　從近幾年高考來看,語法填空的派生詞主要考查較為陌生或者變形較為特殊的單詞,所以考前對這部分單詞應(yīng)該多積累,掌握扎實,做到該題不失分。在閱讀、完形等語篇中也含有大量的派生詞,要學(xué)會根據(jù)詞根和詞綴猜測這些單詞的含義。
一、名詞后綴(溫馨提示:請格外注意加點單詞。)
1.一不留神就會寫錯的名詞
Group 1
curious→curiosity　　　　 　好奇,好奇心
generous→generosity 慷慨
recognize→recognition 認(rèn)可
explain→explanation 說明,解釋
consume→consumption 消費;消耗
assume→assumption 假定;設(shè)想
describe→description 描述,描寫
pronounce→pronunciation 發(fā)音;讀音
compete→competition 競爭;比賽
qualify→qualification 資格
Group 2
apply→application 申請
tend→tendency 傾向
choose→choice 選擇
vary→variety 種類;多樣性
behave→behavio(u)r 行為
respond→response 回應(yīng)
believe→belief 信念
relieve→relief 寬慰;減輕
analyze→analysis 分析
apologize→apology 道歉
anxious→anxiety 焦慮
various→variety 種類;多樣性
Group 3
solve→solution 解決辦法
introduce→introduction 介紹
produce→production 生產(chǎn)
reduce→reduction 減少
applaud→applause 鼓掌
emphasize→emphasis 強(qiáng)調(diào)
lose→loss 失去
succeed→success 成功
laugh→laughter 笑
complain→complaint 抱怨
sell→sale 銷售
weigh→weight 重量
compare→comparison 比較
serve→service 服務(wù)
2.動詞變名詞的后綴
(1)后綴-ment
a.直接加-ment
develop→development 發(fā)展
equip→equipment 設(shè)備
employ→employment 雇用
treat→treatment 對待;治療
entertain→entertainment 款待;娛樂
agree→agreement 同意
assess→assessment 評估
astonish→astonishment 吃驚
punish→punishment 懲罰
adjust→adjustment 調(diào)整
disappoint→disappointment 失望
b.以e結(jié)尾的不去e,直接加-ment
amaze→amazement 驚奇
achieve→achievement 功績;成就
advertise→advertisement 廣告
arrange→arrangement 安排
improve→improvement 改進(jìn)
require→requirement 要求
announce→announcement 通告
encourage→encouragement 鼓舞
involve→involvement 參與
manage→management 管理
move→movement 移動
retire→retirement 退休
settle→settlement 定居;定居處
state→statement 聲明;陳述
·argue→argument 辯論;論據(jù)
·judge→judg(e)ment 意見;判斷力
(2)后綴-ion
a.直接加-ion
attract→attraction 吸引
construct→construction 建設(shè)
select→selection 選擇
reflect→reflection 反映; 思考
exhibit→exhibition 展覽,展出
interrupt→interruption 打斷
connect→connection 連接
inspect→inspection 檢查; 視察
instruct→instruction 教導(dǎo)
react→reaction 反應(yīng)
discuss→discussion 討論
b.去e加-ion
indicate→indication 象征;跡象
participate→participation 參加
calculate→calculation 計算
appreciate→appreciation 欣賞;感激
associate→association 聯(lián)想;協(xié)會
separate→separation 分離
celebrate→celebration 慶祝
congratulate→congratulation 祝賀
accumulate→accumulation 積累
accelerate→acceleration 加速
c.去e加-ion
donate→donation 捐贈
motivate→motivation 動力
concentrate→concentration 集中
frustrate→frustration 沮喪
contribute→contribution 貢獻(xiàn)
distribute→distribution 分發(fā)
promote→promotion 促進(jìn)
devote→devotion 奉獻(xiàn)
communicate→communication 交流
locate→location 地點;定位
d.去e加-ion
pollute→pollution 污染
hesitate→hesitation 猶豫
decorate→decoration 裝飾
operate→operation 操作
educate→education 教育
evaluate→evaluation 評估
graduate→graduation 畢業(yè)
(3)后綴-(a)tion
a.直接加-ation
expect→expectation 期待;期望
consider→consideration 考慮
relax→relaxation 放松;休閑
recommend→recommendation 推薦
interpret→interpretation 解釋,說明
transport→transportation 運輸
tempt→temptation 誘惑
adapt→adaptation 適應(yīng);改編本
found→foundation 創(chuàng)立
confirm→confirmation 確認(rèn)
b.去e加-ation
conserve→conservation 保護(hù)
observe→observation 觀察
organize→organization 組織
civilize→civilization 文明
realize→realization 認(rèn)識
examine→examination 考試
determine→determination 決定
invite→invitation 邀請
admire→admiration 欽佩;羨慕;欣賞
c.去e加-ation
explore→exploration 探索
declare→declaration 宣布
inspire→inspiration 靈感
imagine→imagination 想象力
starve→starvation 挨餓
combine→combination 結(jié)合
reserve→reservation 預(yù)定, 預(yù)約
prepare→preparation 準(zhǔn)備
preserve→preservation 保存
·occupy→occupation 工作,職業(yè);占領(lǐng)
(4)后綴-(s)sion
規(guī)則:-de/d/t→(s)sion
conclude→conclusion 結(jié)論
decide→decision 決定
divide→division 分配
explode→explosion 爆炸
extend→extension 擴(kuò)大,延伸
expand→expansion 擴(kuò)張
admit→admission 承認(rèn);準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)
permit→permission 許可
submit→submission 提交
emit→emission 排放
transmit→transmission 傳送;傳播
(5)后綴-ance
appear→appearance 出現(xiàn);外貌
perform→performance 表演;節(jié)目
assist→assistance 幫助,援助
accept→acceptance 接受
resist→resistance 抵制
annoy→annoyance 生氣, 煩惱
·guide→guidance 指引;指導(dǎo)
·enter→entrance 進(jìn)入
·tolerate→tolerance 容忍
(6)后綴-ence
exist→existence 存在;生存
prefer→preference 偏愛
refer→reference 參考;查閱
differ→difference 不同
·occur→occurrence 發(fā)生
(7)后綴-al(去e加-al)
approve→approval 贊成;批準(zhǔn)
arrive→arrival 到來;到達(dá)
survive→survival 幸存
revive→revival 復(fù)興;復(fù)蘇
propose→proposal 提議;建議
refuse→refusal 拒絕
·sign→signal 信號
(8)后綴-ure/-ture
press→pressure 壓力
depart→departure 離開;出發(fā)
fail→failure 失敗
mix→mixture 混合;混合物
·please→pleasure 愉快
·expose→exposure 暴露
(9)后綴-y
discover→discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)
deliver→delivery 遞送
recover→recovery 恢復(fù);痊愈
·injure→injury 傷害;傷處
·sympathize→sympathy 同情
(10)后綴-age
pack→package 包裹
pass→passage 段落;通道
·marry→marriage 婚姻
·store→storage 儲存
【注意】　形容詞+-age
short→shortage 不足;短缺
3.形容詞變名詞的后綴
(1)后綴-y
difficult→difficulty 困難
honest→honesty 誠實
modest→modesty 謙虛
·brave→bravery 勇敢
(2)后綴-ness
a.直接加-ness
rich→richness 豐富
damp→dampness 潮濕;濕氣
complete→completeness 完整;完全
tired→tiredness 疲勞;疲倦
aware→awareness 意識;明白,知道
conscious→consciousness 意識
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
dark→darkness 黑暗
eager→eagerness 渴望
helpless→helplessness 無助
kind→kindness 仁慈;好意
quiet→quietness 安靜
sad→sadness 傷心
weak→weakness 虛弱;弱點
fit→fitness 健康;適合
careful→carefulness 細(xì)心
willing→willingness 樂意,意愿
shy→shyness 羞怯
sick→sickness 疾病
ill→illness 疾病
bitter→bitterness 苦難
b.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i再加-ness
happy→happiness 幸福
lazy→laziness 怠惰;無精打采
lonely→loneliness 孤獨
crazy→craziness 瘋狂
busy→business 商業(yè);生意
friendly→friendliness 友好
(3)后綴-th
strong→strength 力氣;強(qiáng)項
warm→warmth 溫暖;熱情
young→youth 年輕人
dead→death 死亡
true→truth 真實
wide→width 寬度
deep→depth 深度
long→length 長度
【注意】　動詞+-th
grow→growth 成長
(4)后綴-ce
a.-t變?yōu)?ce
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
confident→confidence 自信心
different→difference 不同
evident→evidence 證據(jù)
patient→patience 耐心
silent→silence 沉默
important→importance 重要性
b.-t變?yōu)?ce
significant→significance 重要性
convenient→convenience 方便
indifferent→indifference 漠不關(guān)心
diligent→diligence 勤奮
violent→violence 暴力
distant→distance 遠(yuǎn)處;距離
independent→independence 獨立
innocent→innocence 天真;無辜
intelligent→intelligence 智力
excellent→excellence 優(yōu)秀
(5)后綴-dom
free→freedom 自由;自主
wise→wisdom 明智;智慧
【注意】　有些“名詞+-dom”表示“領(lǐng)域,界”
king→kingdom 王國;領(lǐng)域
film→filmdom 電影界
(6)后綴-ty
certain→certainty 必然的事
cruel→cruelty 殘酷;殘暴
safe→safety 安全
loyal→loyalty 忠誠
(7)后綴-ity
a.直接加-ity
real→reality 現(xiàn)實
equal→equality 平等
popular→popularity 流行
familiar→familiarity 熟悉
minor→minority 少數(shù)
major→majority 多數(shù)
·active→activity 活動
·sincere→sincerity 真誠
·secure→security 安全
·necessary→necessity 必要性
b.-ble變?yōu)?bility
able→ability 能力
disable→disability 無能;殘疾
capable→capability 能力
responsible→responsibility 責(zé)任
possible→possibility 可能性
probable→probability 可能性
stable→stability 穩(wěn)定性
reliable→reliability 可靠性
(8)后綴-cy(-t/-te→-cy)
proficient→proficiency 熟練;精通
efficient→efficiency 效率;功效
fluent→fluency 流利;流暢
frequent→frequency 頻繁
urgent→urgency 緊急
private→privacy 隱私;私密
accurate→accuracy 準(zhǔn)確性
4.變成“人”的名詞后綴
在某些形容詞、名詞或動詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人。常見的表示“人”的后綴有:
(1)后綴-er
a.直接加-er
report→reporter 記者
research→researcher 研究者
perform→performer 表演者
design→designer 設(shè)計師
suffer→sufferer 患病者
support→supporter 支持者
discover→discoverer 發(fā)現(xiàn)者
work→worker 工人
·clean→cleaner 清潔工;清潔劑
·law→lawyer 律師
b.以-e結(jié)尾的直接加-r;重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫其輔音字母再加-er
advise→adviser 顧問
examine→examiner 主考人;審查人
observe→observer 觀察者
strange→stranger 陌生人
consume→consumer 消費者
begin→beginner 初學(xué)者, 新手
run→runner 跑步的人
win→winner 獲勝者
(2)后綴-or(以-e結(jié)尾的去e加-or)
invent→inventor 發(fā)明者
visit→visitor 游客
direct→director 導(dǎo)演
sail→sailor 海員
conduct→conductor 售票員;指揮
instruct→instructor 指導(dǎo)者
compete→competitor 參賽者
operate→operator 經(jīng)營者;操作員
survive→survivor 幸存者
translate→translator 翻譯家
(3)后綴-ee
employ→employee 雇員
interview→interviewee 參加面試者
train→trainee 受訓(xùn)者;實習(xí)生
(4)后綴-ian
music→musician 音樂家
politics→politician 政治家
physics→physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
history→historian 歷史學(xué)家
library→librarian 圖書管理員
(5)后綴-ist(以-e結(jié)尾的去e加-ist)
art→artist 藝術(shù)家
science→scientist 科學(xué)家
novel→novelist 小說家
special→specialist 專家
cycle→cyclist 騎自行車的人
type→typist 打字員
·piano→pianist 鋼琴家
·chemistry→chemist 化學(xué)家;藥劑師
(6)后綴-ant
serve→servant 仆人
participate→participant 參加者
assist→assistant 助手;售貨員
apply→applicant 申請人
【注意】　有些-er/-or結(jié)尾的單詞表示物。
contain→container 容器
cook→cooker 炊具
draw→drawer 抽屜
dry→drier/dryer 干燥劑;干燥機(jī)
sharpen→sharpener 鉛筆刀
shave→shaver 電動剃須刀
calculate→calculator 計算器
tract→tractor 拖拉機(jī)
type→typewriter 打字機(jī)
二、形容詞后綴
1.后綴-able
(1)能……的;可……的
respect→respectable 值得尊敬的
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能適應(yīng)的
adjust→adjustable 可調(diào)節(jié)的
afford→affordable 負(fù)擔(dān)得起的
renew→renewable 可更新的
predict→predictable 可預(yù)見的
avoid→avoidable 可避免的
control→controllable 可控制的
detect→detectable 可發(fā)現(xiàn)的
bear→bearable 可忍受的
·notice→noticeable 顯著的
·rely→reliable 可信賴的;
可依靠的
·admire→admirable 可欽佩的
(2)具有……的特點
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
suit→suitable 合適的
comfort→comfortable 舒適的
fashion→fashionable 時髦的
reason→reasonable 合理的
knowledge→knowledgeable 博學(xué)的
change→changeable 多變的
agree→agreeable 愉悅的
favor→favorable 有利的
·value→valuable 寶貴的
2.后綴-ible
horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的;糟糕的
access→accessible 易得到的;易使用的
vision→visible 看得見的
3.后綴-ful/-less
(1)直接加-ful
cheer→cheerful 興高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 懷疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thought→thoughtful 周到的;深思的
peace→peaceful 和平的
success→successful 成功的
color→colorful 多彩的
event→eventful 多變故的;充滿大事的
thank→thankful 感激的
delight→delightful 使人快樂的
joy→joyful 高興的
regret→regretful 后悔的
faith→faithful 忠實的
(2)詞尾變形后加-ful;直接加-less
plenty→plentiful 充足的
gratitude→grateful 感激的
end→endless 無休止的
home→homeless 無家可歸的
aim→aimless 無目標(biāo)的
wire→wireless 無線的
limit→limitless 無限的
price→priceless 珍貴的;無價的
speech→speechless 無語的
(3)成串記詞
breath→breathless上氣不接下氣的
value/worth→valueless/worthless無價值的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 無害的;無惡意的
help→helpful 有幫助的→helpless 無助的;無能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 絕望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 無用的;無效的
power→powerful 強(qiáng)有力的→powerless 無力的
meaning→meaningful 有意義的→meaningless 無意義的
care→careful 小心的→careless 粗心的
fruit→fruitful 成果豐碩的→fruitless 無成效的
4.后綴-ive
act→active 積極的;活躍的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
effect→effective 有效的
instruct→instructive 有教育意義的
impress→impressive 給人深刻印象的
create→creative 創(chuàng)造性的
produce→productive 多產(chǎn)的
relate→relative 相關(guān)聯(lián)的
·talk→talkative 健談的
·compete→competitive 有競爭力的
5.后綴-ous
danger→dangerous 危險的
humor→humorous 幽默的
mountain→mountainous 多山的
poison→poisonous 有毒的
continue→continuous 不斷的;持續(xù)的
adventure→adventurous 愛冒險的
nerve→nervous 緊張的
·disaster→disastrous 災(zāi)難性的
·generosity→generous 慷慨的
·religion→religious 宗教的
6.后綴-ious
glory→glorious 光榮的;壯麗的
envy→envious 忌妒的
mystery→mysterious 神秘的
anxiety→anxious 憂慮的
caution→cautious 十分小心的;
謹(jǐn)慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
ambition→ambitious 有抱負(fù)的
suspicion→suspicious 可疑的
nutrition→nutritious 有營養(yǎng)的
space→spacious 寬敞的
7.后綴-y
(1)直接加-y;去e加-y;-er變成-ry
smell→smelly 有難聞氣味的
luck→lucky 幸運的
health→healthy 健康的
salt→salty 咸的
sleep→sleepy 昏昏欲睡的
thirst→thirsty 口渴的
greed→greedy 貪婪的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的;豐富的
guilt→guilty 內(nèi)疚的
·taste→tasty 美味的;可口的
·anger→angry 生氣的
·hunger→hungry 饑餓的
(2)表示“天氣”和“環(huán)境”
frost→frosty 嚴(yán)寒的;霜凍的
cloud→cloudy 多云的
wind→windy 多風(fēng)的
rain→rainy 多雨的
ice→icy 冰凍的;冰冷的
snow→snowy 多雪的
mist→misty 多霧的
fog→foggy 有霧的
sun→sunny 陽光充足的
mud→muddy 泥濘的
dirt→dirty 臟的
dust→dusty 布滿灰塵的
mess→messy 凌亂的
noise→noisy 嘈雜的;喧鬧的
8.后綴-al
(1)直接加-al
music→musical 音樂的
origin→original 最初的;獨創(chuàng)的
person→personal 個人的;私人的
tradition→traditional 傳統(tǒng)的
option→optional 可選擇的;
選修的
profession→professional 專業(yè)的;職業(yè)的
addition→additional 附加的;額外的
nation→national 國家的
education→educational 有教育意義的
region→regional 地區(qū)的
season→seasonal 季節(jié)性的
condition→conditional 條件的
·class→classical 經(jīng)典的
(2)去-e加-al或其他情況
globe→global 全球的
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的
practice→practical 實際的
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
·center→central 中央的;中心的
·grammar→grammatical 語法的
9.后綴-ial
face→facial 面部的
office→official 官方的;公務(wù)的
finance→financial 金融的
race→racial 種族的
commerce→commercial 商業(yè)的
·benefit→beneficial 有益的
·industry→industrial 工業(yè)的
10.后綴-ic
science→scientific 科學(xué)的
economy→economic 經(jīng)濟(jì)的
history→historic 歷史上著名的
class→classic 經(jīng)典的
system→systematic 系統(tǒng)的
drama→dramatic 戲劇的;巨大的
romance→romantic 浪漫的
sympathy→sympathetic 有同情心的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
11.后綴-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
12.后綴-ly
friend→friendly 友好的
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活躍的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
order→orderly 有秩序的
·day→daily 每日的;日常的
13.后綴-ed
balance→balanced 平衡的
gift→gifted 有天賦的
talent→talented 有天賦的
crowd→crowded 擁擠的
·spot→spotted 有斑點的
14.后綴-some
hand→handsome 英俊的
awe→awesome 敬畏的
trouble→troublesome 令人煩惱的
tire→tiresome 討厭的
三、副詞后綴
1.形容詞詞尾直接加-ly
hopeful→hopefully 有希望地
bright→brightly 明亮地
casual→casually 隨意地
correct→correctly 正確地
general→generally 普遍地
particular→particularly 尤其
proper→properly 恰當(dāng)?shù)?br/>main→mainly 主要地
normal→normally 正常地
real→really 真正地
rapid→rapidly 快速地
2.以“輔音字母+-y”結(jié)尾的,要變y為i,再加-ly
happy→happily 高興地
busy→busily 繁忙地
angry→angrily 生氣地
easy→easily 容易地
greedy→greedily 貪婪地
heavy→heavily 在很大程度上
healthy→healthily 健康地
noisy→noisily 吵鬧地
lucky→luckily 幸運地
3.大部分以e結(jié)尾的形容詞不去e,直接加-ly
immediate→immediately 立刻地
fortunate→fortunately 幸運地
entire→entirely 完全地,徹底地
wide→widely 廣泛地
absolute→absolutely 絕對地;完全地
polite→politely 有禮貌地;客氣地
wise→wisely 明智地;聰明地;精明地
huge→hugely 極其;非常
expensive→expensively 昂貴地
sincere→sincerely 真誠地
extreme→extremely 極度,非常
·true→truly 真正地
·whole→wholly 完全地
4.以-le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-y
simple→simply 簡單地;僅僅
gentle→gently 輕輕地;溫柔地
terrible→terribly 非常,很;極度地
possible→possibly 可能地;也許
probable→probably 大概;或許
comfortable→comfortably 舒服地;安樂地
5.以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加-ally
specific→specifically 專門地;明確地
basic→basically 主要地;基本上
dramatic→dramatically 顯著地;戲劇性地
scientific→scientifically 系統(tǒng)地;合乎科學(xué)地
academic→academically 學(xué)術(shù)上;學(xué)業(yè)上
historic→historically 關(guān)于歷史事件,從歷史觀點上說
classic→classically 傳統(tǒng)地;典雅地
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 熱情地
economic→economically 經(jīng)濟(jì)地
automatic→automatically 自動地
energetic→energetically 精力充沛地
【注意】　public→publicly 當(dāng)眾地
6.特殊情況
shy→shyly 害羞地
dry→dryly 干燥地
full→fully 充分地
dull→dully 遲鈍地;沉悶地
四、動詞前綴或后綴
1.前綴en-
able→enable 使能夠
large→enlarge 擴(kuò)大
rich→enrich 充實;使豐富
danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage 鼓勵
2.后綴-en
broad→broaden 變寬
ripe→ripen (使)成熟
sharp→sharpen (使)變得鋒利
wide→widen 加寬
short→shorten (使)變短
straight→straighten (使)變直
deep→deepen 加深
strength→strengthen 加強(qiáng)
length→lengthen (使)變長
dark→darken (使)變暗
hard→harden (使)變硬
soft→soften (使)變軟
damp→dampen 使潮濕
fright→frighten 使驚嚇
bright→brighten (使)更明亮
threat→threaten 威脅
3.后綴-ify
class→classify 把……分類
just→justify 證明……正確
simple→simplify 簡化
beauty→beautify 美化
identity→identify 識別
quality→qualify 使具備資格
diversity→diversify (使)多樣化
4.后綴-ize
apology→apologize 道歉
emphasis→emphasize 強(qiáng)調(diào)
memory→memorize 記住
real→realize 認(rèn)識到;實現(xiàn)
modern→modernize 使現(xiàn)代化
symbol→symbolize 象征;代表
normal→normalize 使正常化
standard→standardize 使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化
Ⅲ.多變動詞形式
一、動詞四種形式變化規(guī)則
第三人稱單數(shù) 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去式和過去分詞
一般規(guī)則 加－s 加－ing 加－ed
特殊規(guī)則 1.原形動詞詞尾為ch，sh，o，s，x，加－es。如：fix→fixes，teach→teaches，wash→washes 2.原形動詞詞尾為“輔音字母＋－y”時，去y后加“－ies”；若是“元音字母＋－y”，只加“－s”。如：study→studies，say→says 1.原形動詞以不發(fā)音的“－e”結(jié)尾時，去“－e” 后加“－ing”。如：live→living，make→making 2.原形動詞詞尾為“－ie”時，先把“－ie”改為“－y”后加“－ing”。如：lie→lying，die→dying，tie→tying 3.原形動詞詞尾為“元音＋l/r”并為重讀音節(jié)時，常雙寫詞尾字母后再加“－ing”。如：travel→travelling/traveling，prefer→preferring，refer→referring 4.原形動詞以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾，且為重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫最后一個輔音字母后再加“－ing”(字母組合除外)。如：plan→planning，get→getting，stop→stopping。注意：show，grow，draw，blow，know，flow等不用雙寫。 1.原形動詞詞尾為“e”時，加“－d”。如：live→lived，like→liked 2.原形動詞詞尾為“輔音字母＋y”時，去“－y”后加“－ied”；若詞尾為“元音字母＋y”，只加“－ed”。如：study→studied，play→played 3.原形動詞詞尾為“元音＋l/r”并為重讀音節(jié)時，常雙寫詞尾字母后再加“－ed”。如：prefer→preferred 4.原形動詞以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾，且為重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫最后一個輔音字母后再加“－ed”。如：chat→chatted，beg→begged，stop→stopped
二、動詞過去式和過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化
1.AAA型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 bet bet bet
2 broadcast broadcast broadcast
3 bid bid bid
4 burst burst burst
5 cast cast cast
6 cost cost cost
7 cut cut cut
8 forecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted
9 hit hit hit
10 hurt hurt hurt
11 let let let
12 put put put
13 quit quit/quitted quit/quitted
14 read read read
15 rid rid rid
16 set set set
17 shut shut shut
18 spit spit/spat spit/spat
19 split split split
20 spread spread spread
21 sweat sweat/sweated sweat/sweated
22 thrust thrust thrust
23 upset upset upset
24 wed wed/wedded wed/wedded
25 wet wet/wetted wet/wetted
2.AAB型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
beat beat beaten
3.ABA型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 come came come
2 become became become
3 overcome overcame overcome
4 run ran run
4.ABB型
(1)在原形動詞后面加字母-ed或字母-d或字母-t構(gòu)成過去式、過去分詞
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 bless blessed blessed
2 hear heard heard
3 burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
4 learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
5 dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
6 mean meant meant
7 lean leant/leaned leant/leaned
8 leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped
9 spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled
10 deal dealt dealt
(2)把原形動詞的最后一個輔音字母d改成t
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 build built built
2 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
3 lend lent lent
4 send sent sent
5 spend spent spent
6 bend bent bent
(3)原形動詞中有a則改為aught,無a則改為ought
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 catch caught caught
2 teach taught taught
3 buy bought bought
4 bring brought brought
5 fight fought fought
6 seek sought sought
7 think thought thought
(4)把-eel、-ell改成-elt
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 feel felt felt
2 kneel knelt knelt
3 smell smelt smelt
4 spell spelt spelt
(5)去掉一個e或去掉一個a或去掉一個o
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 feed fed fed
2 meet met met
3 speed sped/speeded sped/speeded
4 bleed bled bled
5 breed bred bred
6 lead led led
7 mislead misled misled
8 shoot shot shot
(6)改變元音字母(a或i變?yōu)閡;i或e變?yōu)閛)
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 dig dug dug
2 hang hung hung
3 spin spun spun
4 stick stuck stuck
5 sting stung stung
6 swing swung swung
7 shine shone shone
8 win won won
9 get got got/gotten
(7)-eep變?yōu)?ept
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 keep kept kept
2 sleep slept slept
3 oversleep overslept overslept
4 creep crept crept
5 weep wept wept
6 sweep swept swept
(8)-ay變?yōu)?aid,-ell變?yōu)?old,-and變?yōu)?ood,-ind變?yōu)?ound
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 pay paid paid
2 repay repaid repaid
3 lay laid laid
4 say said said
5 sell sold sold
6 tell told told
7 retell retold retold
8 foretell foretold foretold
9 stand stood stood
10 understand understood understood
11 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
12 find found found
13 wind wound wound
(9)其他
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 have had had
2 leave left left
3 light lit/lighted lit/lighted
4 lose lost lost
5 make made made
6 slide slid slid
7 spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt
5.ABC型
(1)原形動詞后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 draw drew drawn
2 withdraw withdrew withdrawn
3 sew sewed sewn/sewed
4 show showed shown
5 take took taken
6 overtake overtook overtaken
7 mistake mistook mistaken
8 undertake undertook undertaken
9 shave shaved shaven/shaved
10 saw sawed sawn/sawed
11 sow sowed sown/sowed
12 shake shook shaken
13 see saw seen
14 foresee foresaw foreseen
15 eat ate eaten
16 fall fell fallen
17 give gave given
18 forgive forgave forgiven
19 drive drove driven
20 rise rose risen
21 arise arose arisen
22 ride rode ridden
23 write wrote written
24 forbid forbade forbidden
(2)過去式加-n或雙寫最后一個字母加-en構(gòu)成過去分詞
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 break broke broken
2 speak spoke spoken
3 freeze froze frozen
4 wake woke woken
5 weave wove woven
6 awake awoke awoken
7 choose chose chosen
8 steal stole stolen
9 forget forgot forgotten
10 hide hid hidden
(3)ow-ew-own型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 blow blew blown
2 grow grew grown
3 know knew known
4 throw threw thrown
5 overthrow overthrew overthrown
(4)i-a-u型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 begin began begun
2 shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk
3 drink drank drunk
4 ring rang rung
5 sink sank sunk
6 sing sang sung
7 swim swam swum
8 spring sprang/sprung sprung
(5)ear-ore-orn型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 bear bore born
2 tear tore torn
3 wear wore worn
4 swear swore sworn
(6)其他
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 be(am,is) was been
2 be(are) were been
3 do did done
4 go went gone
5 lie lay lain
6 fly flew flown(共160張PPT)
朗朗晨讀
系列二　不可不會的變形詞
Ⅰ.近5年高考考過的派生詞、合成詞
Ⅱ.易錯派生詞
Ⅲ.多變動詞形式
Ⅰ.近5年高考考過的派生詞、合成詞
Day 1(詞綴派生類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (en－ “使成為某種狀態(tài)”＋danger“危險； 風(fēng)險”＋－ed→endangered adj. ____________________)
2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)UPCOMING EVENTS (up“向上”＋come“來； 來到”＋－ing→upcoming adj.__________________)
瀕臨滅絕的，瀕危的
即將來臨/發(fā)生的
3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(member “成員； 會員”＋－ship“集體；狀態(tài)”→membership n.____________)
4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. (multi－ “很多”＋task “任務(wù)”→multitask v. __________________)
會員數(shù)
同時執(zhí)行多項任務(wù)
5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.(bio－ “生命；生物”＋diversity“多樣性”→biodiversity n. ____________)
6.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本).(out－“勝過、超過” ＋number“數(shù)目， 數(shù)量”→outnumber v. ____________)
生物多樣性
比……多
7.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it. (likely“可能的” ＋－h(huán)ood“表示‘情況，狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)等’”→likelihood n. ____________)
8.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well－sampled.(over－ “過度；過分”＋sample “樣品；標(biāo)本”→oversample v._____________)
可能(性)
過度采樣
9.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.(de－ “去掉” ＋motivate “作為……的動力；使具有……的動機(jī)”→demotivate v. ____________)
10.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. (environment “環(huán)境”＋－al“與……有關(guān)的”＋－ist“從事某種職業(yè)的人”→environmentalist n.____________)
11.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. (in－ “不；無；非”＋appropriate“合適的”＋－ly→inappropriately adv.____________)
使失去動力
環(huán)保主義者
不合適地
12.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.(photograph“拍照”＋－y→photography n._______________)
13.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit (ride“乘坐， 搭乘”＋－er“做某事的人” ＋－ship“集體”→ridership n.____________)
14.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)How are the stories categorized in the kiosk？(category“種類， 類別”＋－ize→categorize v.____________)
攝影；攝影術(shù)
客流量
將……分類
15.(2024·全國甲卷)Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. (modern“現(xiàn)代的”＋－ize＋－ation→modernization n.____________)
16.(2024·全國甲卷)For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (補給).(re－“再；重復(fù)；重新” ＋fuel“燃料”→refuel v._________________)
現(xiàn)代化
補充燃料，加油
17.(2024·全國甲卷)You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. (un－＋predict“預(yù)料”＋－able→unpredictable adj.____________)
18.(2023·全國甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant－free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.(attract“吸引”＋－ant＋－free“沒有……的”→attractant－free adj._______________)
19.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(cor－“和……一道/一起”＋relate“有聯(lián)系的”→correlate v._______________)
難以預(yù)料的
沒有引誘物的
相互關(guān)聯(lián)影響
20.(2023·全國甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de－list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.(de－“除掉，去掉”＋list“名單，清單”→de－list v._____________________)
把……從名單中劃去
Day 2(詞綴派生類)
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皺) paper.(im－“不，非”＋perfect“完美的”＋－ion→imperfection n.____________)
2.(2022·天津6月卷)In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. (in－“不，非”＋distinguishable“可辨認(rèn)的”→indistinguishable adj.____________)
不完美
不可辨認(rèn)的
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)...we find today is the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and cultural evolution...(inter－“在……之間”＋play“作用，影響”→interplay n.____________)
4.(2022·浙江6月卷)In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. (multi－“多個”＋culture“文化”＋－al→multicultural adj.____________)
5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Participation in a post－visit survey is required. (post－“后，以后”＋visit“訪問”→post－visit adj.____________)
相互影響
多元文化的
訪問后的
6.(2022·全國乙卷)Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15.There is no re－admission. (re－“再，回”＋admission“進(jìn)入”→re－admission n.________________)
7.(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self－employed pet transport specialist. (self－“自身的，對自身”＋employ“雇用”＋－ed→self－employed adj.____________________)
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We waste food unintentionally at times. (un－“非，不”＋intentionally“故意地”→unintentionally adv.____________)
允許再次進(jìn)入
個體經(jīng)營的，單干的
無意地
9.(2022·全國乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people ...inviting twenty－nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty－six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. (un－“非，不”＋interrupt“打斷”＋－ed→uninterrupted adj.____________)
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
(①un－“未，不”＋protect“保護(hù)”＋－ed→unprotected adj.___________
②in－“不，非”＋consistency“一致性”→inconsistency n.____________)
不間斷的
未受保護(hù)的
不一致
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. (un－“非，不”＋thinking“思想的，有思考力的”＋－ly→unthinkingly adv.____________)
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)High conscientiousness is related to low job performance...(conscientious“勤勉認(rèn)真的”＋－ness→conscientiousness n._____________)
13.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re－evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. (①function“功能”＋－al＋－ity→functionality n.____________　②adapt“適應(yīng)”＋－ive＋－ly→adaptively adv.____________)
不假思索地
勤勉認(rèn)真
功能性
適應(yīng)地
14.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. (popular“普遍的，流行的”＋－ize＋－ation→popularization n.____________)
15.(2021·北京卷)Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet... (concept“概念”＋－ual＋－ize“使……化”→conceptualize v._____________)
推廣；普及
將……概念化
Day 3(詞綴派生類)
1.(2021·全國乙卷)The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant；however, the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups. (①in－“不，非”＋significant“重要的”→insignificant adj.____________　②out－“超過”＋perform“做，表現(xiàn)”→outperform v.____________________)
2.(2021·天津 3月卷)We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. (inter－“相互”＋connect“聯(lián)系”＋－ed＋－ness→interconnectedness n.____________)
微不足道的
做得比……好，勝過
互聯(lián)性
3.(2021·北京卷)The clock registers both short－term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics.(ir－“不，非”＋regular“有規(guī)律的”＋－ity→irregularity n.______________)
4.(2021·浙江6月卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.(ir－“不，非”＋resistible“可抗拒的”→irresistible adj.____________)
5.(2021·浙江1月卷)Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non－verbal communication. (non－“無，沒有”＋verbal“言語的”→non－verbal adj._____________)
無規(guī)律的事物
無法抗拒的
非語言的
6.(2021·全國甲卷)When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief — they were unacknowleged and rejected by others. (un－“非，不”＋acknowledge“認(rèn)可，承認(rèn)”＋－ed→unacknowledged adj.____________)
7.(2021·全國乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影響) travel to undisturbed places. (un－“非，不”＋disturb“干擾”＋－ed→undisturbed adj.____________)
8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. (dis－“不，非，相反”＋qualify“使取得資格”＋－cation→disqualification n.____________)
不被承認(rèn)的
未被打攪的
取消資格
9.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？(em－“使處于某種狀態(tài)”＋power“能量”→empower. v.____________)
10.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Four years ago they all moved into a three－storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. (multi－“多個”＋generation“一代人”＋－al→multigenerational adj._____________)
11.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off－set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. (off－“不在……上，離開”＋set“舞臺，攝影場”→off－set adj. ______________)
給予……權(quán)力
多代的
在拍攝場外的
12.(2020·北京卷)Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. (out－“超越，超過”＋pace“速度”→outpace v._________________________)
13.(2020·天津卷)This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”. (re－“再，又，重新”＋define“定義”→redefine v.____________)
14.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self－powered street lamps. (self－“自己”＋power“驅(qū)動”＋－ed→self－powered adj.____________)
(在速度上)超過，比……快
重新定義
自供電的
15.(2020·北京卷)In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra－intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” (ultra－“極，超過某限度”＋intelligent“智能的”→ultra－intelligent adj.____________)
超智能的
Day 4(合成名詞類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.(data“數(shù)據(jù)” ＋ set“套；組；集”→dataset n.____________)
2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. (spell“拼寫”＋checker“檢查程序”＋－er→spellchecker n.______________)
數(shù)據(jù)集
拼寫檢查程序
3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. (sun“太陽”＋screen“掩護(hù)物”→sunscreen n.____________)
4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革). (road“路” ＋ map“地圖”→roadmap n.____________)
5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (down“向下” ＋ fall“降落， 落下”→downfall n.____________)
防曬霜
路線圖
衰落
6.(2024·全國甲卷)Then create your own masterpiece! [master“大師”＋piece“(文章、藝術(shù)品、音樂作品的)一件，一篇，一首”→masterpiece n._______________]
7.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (spring“跳”＋board“板”→springboard n.____________)
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today. (hunter“狩獵者”＋gatherer“采集者”→hunter－gatherer n.____________)
杰作；代表作
跳板；基礎(chǔ)
狩獵采集者
9.(2022·全國甲卷)Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape－recognition abilities to a human two－year－old. (shape“形狀”＋recognition“識別”→shape－recognition n.____________)
10.(2022·全國甲卷)Where trial－and－error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. (trial“試驗”＋and＋error“錯誤”→trial－and－error n.____________________)
11.(2022·浙江1月卷)The downturn hit the real estate (房地產(chǎn)) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. (down“向下”＋turn“轉(zhuǎn)變”→downturn n.____________)
形狀識別
反復(fù)試驗；不斷摸索
下降；衰退
12.(2022·浙江6月卷)The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go－getter... (go“去”＋getter“獲得者”＋er→go－getter n.______________________)
13.(2022·北京卷)He was treated for frostbite on his hands. (frost“嚴(yán)寒天氣”＋bite“咬”→frostbite n.____________)
14.(2021·天津3月卷)The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. (draw“拉”＋back“向后”→扯后腿的事物→drawback n._________________)
積極進(jìn)取的人；實干家
凍傷；凍瘡
缺點；不利條件
15.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. (stand“站”＋point“地點”→standpoint n.____________)
16.(2020·浙江卷)For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure－all for jammed roadways. (cure“治愈”＋all“一切”→cure－all n.__________________)
立場；觀點
萬靈藥；靈丹妙藥
Day 5(合成動詞類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (side“邊” ＋ line“邊線”→sideline v.________________________________)
2.(2024·全國甲卷)We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art－making activities. (show“顯示”＋case“情況”→showcase v.____________)
把……排除在核心之外；使靠邊
展示
3.(2023·全國乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. (sky“天空”＋rocket“火箭”→skyrocket v._________________)
4.(2022·全國甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick－started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (kick“踢”＋start“開始”→用腳啟動→kick－start v.______________________________)
急速增長；猛長　
促使……開始；使……盡快啟動
5.(2021·全國甲卷)It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. (black“黑色的”＋list“名單”→blacklist v.__________________)
6.(2021·北京卷)One’s potential cannot always be underrated. (under－“不足；未”＋rate“評價，評估”→underrate v.________)
7.(2021·北京卷)Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. (counter－“反對，對立”＋act“行為”→counteract v.____________)
把……列入黑名單
低估
抵制；抵消
Day 6(合成形容詞類)
1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye－catching features.(eye“眼” ＋ catch“吸引” ＋ －ing→eye－catching adj.____________________)
2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)They are becoming outdated.(out－“超過” ＋dated“過時的”→outdated adj.____________)
3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. (old“古老的”＋fashion“時髦， 時尚”＋－ed→old－fashioned adj.____________)
搶眼的，引人注目的
過時的
(人)守舊的
4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. (breath“呼吸”＋take“帶走”＋－ing→breathtaking adj.____________)
5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single－use plastic. (single“單個的”＋use“使用”→single－use adj.____________)
6.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction－level event for humanity. (extinction“滅絕” ＋ level“水平， 等級”→extinction－level adj.____________)
令人驚嘆的
一次性的
滅絕級別的
7.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)It adopts a down－to－earth writing style. (down“向下” ＋ to“到”＋ earth“地球，大地”→down－to－earth adj.____________)
8.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Visit during off－peak times.(off“離開”＋peak“高峰”→off－peak adj.____________________)
9.(2024·全國甲卷)The Saint Lukas is one of five government－sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. (government“政府”＋sponsor“資助”＋－ed→government－sponsored adj._______________)
腳踏實地的
淡季的；非高峰期的
由政府資助的
10.(2023·全國甲卷)It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (back“背部”＋break“使折斷”＋－ing→backbreaking adj.____________________)
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground－breaking, five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
(①ground“地”＋break“打破”＋－ing→ground－breaking adj._________________________　②diet“日常飲食”＋related“相關(guān)的”→diet－related adj.________________)
非常繁重的；吃力的
開辟新天地的；開拓性的
日常飲食相關(guān)的
12.(2022·全國甲卷)It’s jaw－dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away...(jaw“下巴”＋drop“使掉下”＋－ing→jaw－dropping adj.________________)
13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands－free driving laws. (hand“手”＋free“自由的”→hands－free adj.____________)
令人大驚失色的
免提的
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) The second group did high－intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. (high“高的”＋intensity“強(qiáng)度”→high－intensity adj.____________)
15.(2022·全國乙卷)A hair－raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms. (hair“毛發(fā)”＋raise“使直立”＋－ing→hair－raising adj.________________________)
高強(qiáng)度的
使人毛骨悚然的；驚險的
16.(2022·全國乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. (high“高的”＋tension“電壓”→high－tension adj.____________)
17.(2022·全國乙卷)Fruit juices, milk－based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax ... (milk“奶”＋－based“以……為重要部分的”→milk－based adj.____________)
18.(2022·全國乙卷)It is a short－sighted decision. (short“短的”＋－sighted“有……視力的”→short－sighted adj._____________________)
高(電)壓的
以奶為主的
目光短淺的；無遠(yuǎn)見的
19.(2022·全國甲卷)A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey the Belt and Road route (路線) by foot.(visually“視覺地”＋challenged“傷殘的”→visually－challenged adj.______________)
視覺有缺陷的
Day 7(合成形容詞類)
1.(2022·浙江1月卷)I’ve always been independent－spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals. (independent“獨立的”＋－spirited“有某種精神的”→independent－spirited adj.______________)
2.(2022·浙江1月卷)She earns a basic and tax－free salary. (tax“稅”＋－free“不收費”→tax－free adj.____________)
3.(2022·浙江6月卷)Markman also promotes off－task time. (off“不在……上，離開”＋task“任務(wù)”→off－task adj.____________)
精神獨立的
免稅的
非任務(wù)的
4.(2022·天津6月卷)Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact ... (main“主要的”＋stream“溪流”→mainstream adj.____________)
5.(2022·北京卷)Peer (同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer－facilitated learning program available to students enrolled (注冊) in most core units of study in our business school. (peer“同伴”＋facilitate“促進(jìn)”＋－ed→peer－facilitated adj.____________)
6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It’s one of the best－rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. (best“最好”＋rate“評價，評估”＋－ed→best－rated adj.______________)
主流的
同伴促進(jìn)的
評價最高的
7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Most page turners are piano students or up－and－coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. (up“向上”＋and＋coming“即將到來”→up－and－coming adj._____________)
8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill－based emotional intelligence. (skill“技能”＋－based“以……為基礎(chǔ)的”→skill－based adj._____________)
9.(2021·浙江6月卷) Seeking other like－minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. (like“相似的”＋－minded“思維……的”→like－minded adj.________________________)
有前途的
基于技能的
想法相同的，志趣相投的
10.(2021·浙江6月卷)Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. (down“順著”＋stream“小河，溪”→downstream adj._________________)
11.(2021·北京卷)Of course, if you are a non－h(huán)uman species, collapse is well underway. (under“在……過程中”＋way“路線，道路”→underway adj.____________________)
12.(天津3月卷)Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well－lived life. (well“好地”＋live“生活，過日子”＋－ed→well－lived adj.____________)
引發(fā)的,隨之產(chǎn)生的
已經(jīng)開始，進(jìn)行中的
美好的
13.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one－off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. (one“一”＋off“不會再發(fā)生”→one－off adj.____________)
14.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt－free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them ...”(guilt“內(nèi)疚，罪責(zé)”＋free“沒有……的”→guilt－free adj.______________)
15.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)In this case, one of a realistic－looking ape. (realistic“逼真的，栩栩如生的”＋look“相貌”＋ing→realistic－looking adj.________________)
一次性的
沒有負(fù)罪感的
相貌逼真的
返 回
16.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)A group of sea－dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. (sea“海”＋dwell“居住”＋－ing→sea－dwelling adj.________________)
17.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well－rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. (well“非常”＋rounded“全面的”→well－rounded adj._______________)
18.(2020·北京卷)In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th－century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug－resistant virus. (drug“藥”＋resistant“耐……的”→drug－resistant adj.____________)
在海上居住的
全面的
耐藥的
Ⅱ.易錯派生詞
從近幾年高考來看，語法填空的派生詞主要考查較為陌生或者變形較為特殊的單詞，所以考前對這部分單詞應(yīng)該多積累，掌握扎實，做到該題不失分。在閱讀、完形等語篇中也含有大量的派生詞，要學(xué)會根據(jù)詞根和詞綴猜測這些單詞的含義。
一、名詞后綴(溫馨提示：請格外注意加點單詞。)
1.一不留神就會寫錯的名詞
Group 1
curious→____________ 好奇，好奇心
generous→____________ 慷慨
recognize→____________ 認(rèn)可
explain→____________ 說明，解釋
consume→____________ 消費；消耗
assume→____________ 假定；設(shè)想
curiosity
generosity
recognition
explanation
consumption
assumption
describe→____________ 描述，描寫
pronounce→_____________ 發(fā)音；讀音
compete→____________ 競爭；比賽
qualify→____________ 資格
description
pronunciation
competition
qualification
Group 2
apply→____________ 申請
tend→____________ 傾向
choose→____________ 選擇
vary→____________ 種類；多樣性
behave→____________ 行為
respond→____________ 回應(yīng)
believe→____________ 信念
relieve→____________ 寬慰；減輕
application
tendency
choice
variety
behavio(u)r
response
belief
relief
analyze→____________ 分析
apologize→____________ 道歉
anxious→____________ 焦慮
various→____________ 種類；多樣性
analysis
apology
anxiety
variety
Group 3
solve→____________ 解決辦法
introduce→____________ 介紹
produce→____________ 生產(chǎn)
reduce→____________ 減少
applaud→____________ 鼓掌
emphasize→____________ 強(qiáng)調(diào)
lose→____________ 失去
succeed→____________ 成功
solution
introduction
production
reduction
applause
emphasis
loss
success
laugh→____________ 笑
complain→____________ 抱怨
sell→____________ 銷售
weigh→____________ 重量
compare→____________ 比較
serve→____________ 服務(wù)
laughter
complaint
sale
weight
comparison
service
2.動詞變名詞的后綴
(1)后綴－ment
a.直接加－ment
develop→development 發(fā)展
equip→equipment 設(shè)備
employ→employment 雇用
treat→treatment 對待；治療
entertain→entertainment 款待；娛樂
agree→agreement 同意
assess→assessment 評估
astonish→astonishment 吃驚
punish→punishment 懲罰
adjust→adjustment 調(diào)整
disappoint→disappointment 失望
b.以e結(jié)尾的不去e，直接加－ment
amaze→____________ 驚奇
achieve→____________ 功績；成就
advertise→_____________ 廣告
arrange→____________ 安排
improve→_____________ 改進(jìn)
require→____________ 要求
announce→______________ 通告
encourage→______________ 鼓舞
amazement
achievement
advertisement
arrangement
improvement
requirement
announcement
encouragement
involve→____________ 參與
manage→____________ 管理
move→____________ 移動
retire→____________ 退休
settle→____________ 定居；定居處
state→____________ 聲明；陳述
·argue→argument 辯論；論據(jù)
·judge→judg(e)ment 意見；判斷力
involvement
management
movement
retirement
settlement
statement
(2)后綴－ion
a.直接加－ion
attract→attraction 吸引
construct→construction 建設(shè)
select→selection 選擇
reflect→reflection 反映； 思考
exhibit→exhibition 展覽，展出
interrupt→interruption 打斷
connect→connection 連接
inspect→inspection 檢查； 視察
instruct→instruction 教導(dǎo)
react→reaction 反應(yīng)
discuss→discussion 討論
b.去e加－ion
indicate→indication 象征；跡象
participate→participation 參加
calculate→calculation 計算
appreciate→appreciation 欣賞；感激
associate→association 聯(lián)想；協(xié)會
separate→separation 分離
celebrate→celebration 慶祝
congratulate→congratulation 祝賀
accumulate→accumulation 積累
accelerate→acceleration 加速
c.去e加－ion
donate→donation 捐贈
motivate→motivation 動力
concentrate→concentration 集中
frustrate→frustration 沮喪
contribute→contribution 貢獻(xiàn)
distribute→distribution 分發(fā)
promote→promotion 促進(jìn)
devote→devotion 奉獻(xiàn)
communicate→communication 交流
locate→location 地點；定位
d.去e加－ion
pollute→pollution 污染
hesitate→hesitation 猶豫
decorate→decoration 裝飾
operate→operation 操作
educate→education 教育
evaluate→evaluation 評估
graduate→graduation 畢業(yè)
(3)后綴－(a)tion
a.直接加－ation
expect→____________ 期待；期望
consider→____________ 考慮
relax→____________ 放松；休閑
recommend→_______________ 推薦
interpret→_____________ 解釋，說明
transport→_____________ 運輸
tempt→____________ 誘惑
expectation
consideration
relaxation
recommendation
interpretation
transportation
temptation
adapt→____________ 適應(yīng)；改編本
found→____________ 創(chuàng)立
confirm→____________ 確認(rèn)
adaptation
foundation
confirmation
b.去e加－ation
conserve→____________ 保護(hù)
observe→____________ 觀察
organize→____________ 組織
civilize→____________ 文明
realize→____________ 認(rèn)識
examine→____________ 考試
determine→_____________ 決定
invite→____________ 邀請
admire→____________ 欽佩；羨慕；欣賞
conservation
observation
organization
civilization
realization
examination
determination
invitation
admiration
c.去e加－ation
explore→____________ 探索
declare→____________ 宣布
inspire→____________ 靈感
imagine→____________ 想象力
starve→____________ 挨餓
combine→____________ 結(jié)合
reserve→____________ 預(yù)定， 預(yù)約
prepare→____________ 準(zhǔn)備
preserve→____________ 保存
·occupy→____________ 工作，職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)
exploration
declaration
inspiration
imagination
starvation
combination
reservation
preparation
preservation
occupation
(4)后綴－(s)sion
規(guī)則：－de/d/t→(s)sion
conclude→____________ 結(jié)論
decide→____________ 決定
divide→____________ 分配
explode→____________ 爆炸
extend→____________ 擴(kuò)大，延伸
expand→____________ 擴(kuò)張
admit→____________ 承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)
conclusion
decision
division
explosion
extension
expansion
admission
permit→____________ 許可
submit→____________ 提交
emit→____________ 排放
transmit→____________ 傳送；傳播
permission
submission
emission
transmission
(5)后綴－ance
appear→appearance 出現(xiàn)；外貌
perform→performance 表演；節(jié)目
assist→assistance 幫助，援助
accept→acceptance 接受
resist→resistance 抵制
annoy→annoyance 生氣， 煩惱
·guide→guidance 指引；指導(dǎo)
·enter→entrance 進(jìn)入
·tolerate→tolerance 容忍
(6)后綴－ence
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏愛
refer→reference 參考；查閱
differ→difference 不同
·occur→occurrence 發(fā)生
(7)后綴－al(去e加－al)
approve→____________ 贊成；批準(zhǔn)
arrive→____________ 到來；到達(dá)
survive→____________ 幸存
revive→____________ 復(fù)興；復(fù)蘇
propose→____________ 提議；建議
refuse→____________ 拒絕
·sign→____________ 信號
approval
arrival
survival
revival
proposal
refusal
signal
(8)后綴－ure/－ture
press→____________ 壓力
depart→____________ 離開；出發(fā)
fail→____________ 失敗
mix→____________ 混合；混合物
·please→____________ 愉快
·expose→____________ 暴露
pressure
departure
failure
mixture
pleasure
exposure
(9)后綴－y
discover→____________ 發(fā)現(xiàn)
deliver→____________ 遞送
recover→____________ 恢復(fù)；痊愈
·injure→____________ 傷害；傷處
·sympathize→____________ 同情
discovery
delivery
recovery
injury
sympathy
(10)后綴－age
pack→____________ 包裹
pass→____________ 段落；通道
·marry→____________ 婚姻
·store→____________ 儲存
【注意】　形容詞＋－age
short→shortage 不足；短缺
package
passage
marriage
storage
3.形容詞變名詞的后綴
(1)后綴－y
difficult→____________ 困難
honest→____________ 誠實
modest→____________ 謙虛
·brave→____________ 勇敢
difficulty
honesty
modesty
bravery
(2)后綴－ness
a.直接加－ness
rich→richness 豐富
damp→dampness 潮濕；濕氣
complete→completeness 完整；完全
tired→tiredness 疲勞；疲倦
aware→awareness 意識；明白，知道
conscious→consciousness 意識
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
dark→darkness 黑暗
eager→eagerness 渴望
helpless→helplessness 無助
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
quiet→quietness 安靜
sad→sadness 傷心
weak→weakness 虛弱；弱點
fit→fitness 健康；適合
careful→carefulness 細(xì)心
willing→willingness 樂意，意愿
shy→shyness 羞怯
sick→sickness 疾病
ill→illness 疾病
bitter→bitterness 苦難
b.以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加－ness
happy→____________ 幸福
lazy→____________ 怠惰；無精打采
lonely→____________ 孤獨
crazy→____________ 瘋狂
busy→____________ 商業(yè)；生意
friendly→____________ 友好
happiness
laziness
loneliness
craziness
business
friendliness
(3)后綴－th
strong→____________ 力氣；強(qiáng)項
warm→____________ 溫暖；熱情
young→____________ 年輕人
dead→____________ 死亡
true→____________ 真實
wide→____________ 寬度
deep→____________ 深度
long→____________ 長度
【注意】　動詞＋－th
grow→growth 成長
strength
warmth
youth
death
truth
width
depth
length
(4)后綴－ce
a.－t變?yōu)椋璫e
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
confident→confidence 自信心
different→difference 不同
evident→evidence 證據(jù)
patient→patience 耐心
silent→silence 沉默
important→importance 重要性
b.－t變?yōu)椋璫e
significant→significance 重要性
convenient→convenience 方便
indifferent→indifference 漠不關(guān)心
diligent→diligence 勤奮
violent→violence 暴力
distant→distance 遠(yuǎn)處；距離
independent→independence 獨立
innocent→innocence 天真；無辜
intelligent→intelligence 智力
excellent→excellence 優(yōu)秀
(5)后綴－dom
free→freedom 自由；自主
wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
【注意】　有些“名詞＋－dom”表示“領(lǐng)域，界”
king→kingdom 王國；領(lǐng)域
film→filmdom 電影界
(6)后綴－ty
certain→____________ 必然的事
cruel→____________ 殘酷；殘暴
safe→____________ 安全
loyal→____________ 忠誠
certainty
cruelty
safety
loyalty
(7)后綴－ity
a.直接加－ity
real→____________ 現(xiàn)實
equal→____________ 平等
popular→____________ 流行
familiar→____________ 熟悉
minor→____________ 少數(shù)
major→____________ 多數(shù)
reality
equality
popularity
familiarity
minority
majority
·active→____________ 活動
·sincere→____________ 真誠
·secure→____________ 安全
·necessary→____________ 必要性
activity
sincerity
security
necessity
b.－ble變?yōu)椋璪ility
able→____________ 能力
disable→____________ 無能；殘疾
capable→____________ 能力
responsible→____________ 責(zé)任
possible→____________ 可能性
probable→____________ 可能性
stable→____________ 穩(wěn)定性
reliable→____________ 可靠性
ability
disability
capability
responsibility
possibility
probability
stability
reliability
(8)后綴－cy(－t/－te→－cy)
proficient→____________ 熟練；精通
efficient→____________ 效率；功效
fluent→____________ 流利；流暢
frequent→____________ 頻繁
urgent→____________ 緊急
private→____________ 隱私；私密
accurate→____________ 準(zhǔn)確性
proficiency
efficiency
fluency
frequency
urgency
privacy
accuracy
4.變成“人”的名詞后綴
在某些形容詞、名詞或動詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人。常見的表示“人”的后綴有：
(1)后綴－er
a.直接加－er
report→reporter 記者
research→researcher 研究者
perform→performer 表演者
design→designer 設(shè)計師
suffer→sufferer 患病者
support→supporter 支持者
discover→discoverer 發(fā)現(xiàn)者
work→worker 工人
·clean→cleaner 清潔工；清潔劑
·law→lawyer 律師
b.以－e結(jié)尾的直接加－r；重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫其輔音字母再加－er
advise→adviser 顧問
examine→examiner 主考人；審查人
observe→observer 觀察者
strange→stranger 陌生人
consume→consumer 消費者
begin→beginner 初學(xué)者， 新手
run→runner 跑步的人
win→winner 獲勝者
(2)后綴－or(以－e結(jié)尾的去e加－or)
invent→inventor 發(fā)明者
visit→visitor 游客
direct→director 導(dǎo)演
sail→sailor 海員
conduct→conductor 售票員；指揮
instruct→instructor 指導(dǎo)者
compete→competitor 參賽者
operate→operator 經(jīng)營者；操作員
survive→survivor 幸存者
translate→translator 翻譯家
(3)后綴－ee
employ→employee 雇員
interview→interviewee 參加面試者
train→trainee 受訓(xùn)者；實習(xí)生
(4)后綴－ian
music→____________ 音樂家
politics→____________ 政治家
physics→____________ 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
history→____________ 歷史學(xué)家
library→____________ 圖書管理員
musician
politician
physician
historian
librarian
(5)后綴－ist(以－e結(jié)尾的去e加－ist)
art→artist 藝術(shù)家
science→scientist 科學(xué)家
novel→novelist 小說家
special→specialist 專家
cycle→cyclist 騎自行車的人
type→typist 打字員
·piano→pianist 鋼琴家
·chemistry→chemist 化學(xué)家；藥劑師
(6)后綴－ant
serve→____________ 仆人
participate→____________ 參加者
assist→____________ 助手；售貨員
apply→____________ 申請人
servant
participant
assistant
applicant
【注意】　有些－er/－or結(jié)尾的單詞表示物。
contain→container 容器
cook→cooker 炊具
draw→drawer 抽屜
dry→drier/dryer 干燥劑；干燥機(jī)
sharpen→sharpener 鉛筆刀
shave→shaver 電動剃須刀
calculate→calculator 計算器
tract→tractor 拖拉機(jī)
type→typewriter 打字機(jī)
二、形容詞后綴
1.后綴－able
(1)能……的；可……的
respect→____________ 值得尊敬的
accept→____________ 可接受的
adapt→____________ 能適應(yīng)的
adjust→____________ 可調(diào)節(jié)的
afford→____________ 負(fù)擔(dān)得起的
renew→____________ 可更新的
predict→____________ 可預(yù)見的
respectable
acceptable
adaptable
adjustable
affordable
renewable
predictable
avoid→____________ 可避免的
control→____________ 可控制的
detect→____________ 可發(fā)現(xiàn)的
bear→____________ 可忍受的
·notice→____________ 顯著的
·rely→____________ 可信賴的；可依靠的
·admire→____________ 可欽佩的
avoidable
controllable
detectable
bearable
noticeable
reliable
admirable
(2)具有……的特點
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
suit→suitable 合適的
comfort→comfortable 舒適的
fashion→fashionable 時髦的
reason→reasonable 合理的
knowledge→knowledgeable 博學(xué)的
change→changeable 多變的
agree→agreeable 愉悅的
favor→favorable 有利的
·value→valuable 寶貴的
2.后綴－ible
horror→____________ 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→____________ 可怕的；糟糕的
access→____________ 易得到的；易使用的
vision→____________ 看得見的
horrible
terrible
accessible
visible
3.后綴－ful/－less
(1)直接加－ful
cheer→cheerful 興高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 懷疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thought→thoughtful 周到的；深思的
peace→peaceful 和平的
success→successful 成功的
color→colorful 多彩的
event→eventful 多變故的；充滿大事的
thank→thankful 感激的
delight→delightful 使人快樂的
joy→joyful 高興的
regret→regretful 后悔的
faith→faithful 忠實的
(2)詞尾變形后加－ful；直接加－less
plenty→plentiful 充足的
gratitude→grateful 感激的
end→endless 無休止的
home→homeless 無家可歸的
aim→aimless 無目標(biāo)的
wire→wireless 無線的
limit→limitless 無限的
price→priceless 珍貴的；無價的
speech→speechless 無語的
(3)成串記詞
breath→breathless上氣不接下氣的
value/worth→valueless/worthless無價值的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 無害的；無惡意的
help→helpful 有幫助的→helpless 無助的；無能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 絕望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 無用的；無效的
power→powerful 強(qiáng)有力的→powerless 無力的
meaning→meaningful 有意義的→meaningless 無意義的
care→careful 小心的→careless 粗心的
fruit→fruitful 成果豐碩的→fruitless 無成效的
4.后綴－ive
act→____________ 積極的；活躍的
attract→____________ 有吸引力的
effect→____________ 有效的
instruct→____________ 有教育意義的
impress→____________ 給人深刻印象的
create→____________ 創(chuàng)造性的
produce→____________ 多產(chǎn)的
relate→____________ 相關(guān)聯(lián)的
·talk→____________ 健談的
·compete→____________ 有競爭力的
active
attractive
effective
instructive
impressive
creative
productive
relative
talkative
competitive
5.后綴－ous
danger→____________ 危險的
humor→____________ 幽默的
mountain→____________ 多山的
poison→____________ 有毒的
continue→____________ 不斷的；持續(xù)的
adventure→____________ 愛冒險的
nerve→____________ 緊張的
·disaster→____________ 災(zāi)難性的
·generosity→____________ 慷慨的
·religion→____________ 宗教的
dangerous
humorous
mountainous
poisonous
continuous
adventurous
nervous
disastrous
generous
religious
6.后綴－ious
glory→____________ 光榮的；壯麗的
envy→____________ 忌妒的
mystery→____________ 神秘的
anxiety→____________ 憂慮的
caution→____________ 十分小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的
curiosity→____________ 好奇的
ambition→____________ 有抱負(fù)的
suspicion→____________ 可疑的
nutrition→____________ 有營養(yǎng)的
space→____________ 寬敞的
glorious
envious
mysterious
anxious
cautious
curious
ambitious
suspicious
nutritious
spacious
7.后綴－y
(1)直接加－y；去e加－y；－er變成－ry
smell→____________ 有難聞氣味的
luck→____________ 幸運的
health→____________ 健康的
salt→____________ 咸的
sleep→____________ 昏昏欲睡的
thirst→____________ 口渴的
greed→____________ 貪婪的
smelly
lucky
healthy
salty
sleepy
thirsty
greedy
wealth→____________ 富裕的；豐富的
guilt→____________ 內(nèi)疚的
·taste→____________ 美味的；可口的
·anger→____________ 生氣的
·hunger→____________ 饑餓的
wealthy
guilty
tasty
angry
hungry
(2)表示“天氣”和“環(huán)境”
frost→____________ 嚴(yán)寒的；霜凍的
cloud→____________ 多云的
wind→____________ 多風(fēng)的
rain→____________ 多雨的
ice→____________ 冰凍的；冰冷的
snow→____________ 多雪的
mist→____________ 多霧的
fog→____________ 有霧的
frosty
cloudy
windy
rainy
icy
snowy
misty
foggy
sun→____________ 陽光充足的
mud→____________ 泥濘的
dirt→____________ 臟的
dust→____________ 布滿灰塵的
mess→____________ 凌亂的
noise→____________ 嘈雜的；喧鬧的
sunny
muddy
dirty
dusty
messy
noisy
8.后綴－al
(1)直接加－al
music→musical 音樂的
origin→original 最初的；獨創(chuàng)的
person→personal 個人的；私人的
tradition→traditional 傳統(tǒng)的
option→optional 可選擇的；選修的
profession→professional 專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的
addition→additional 附加的；額外的
nation→national 國家的
education→educational 有教育意義的
region→regional 地區(qū)的
season→seasonal 季節(jié)性的
condition→conditional 條件的
·class→classical 經(jīng)典的
(2)去－e加－al或其他情況
globe→global 全球的
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的
practice→practical 實際的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
·center→central 中央的；中心的
·grammar→grammatical 語法的
9.后綴－ial
face→____________ 面部的
office→____________ 官方的；公務(wù)的
finance→____________ 金融的
race→____________ 種族的
commerce→____________ 商業(yè)的
·benefit→____________ 有益的
·industry→____________ 工業(yè)的
facial
official
financial
racial
commercial
beneficial
industrial
10.后綴－ic
science→____________ 科學(xué)的
economy→____________ 經(jīng)濟(jì)的
history→____________ 歷史上著名的
class→____________ 經(jīng)典的
system→____________ 系統(tǒng)的
drama→____________ 戲劇的；巨大的
romance→____________ 浪漫的
sympathy→____________ 有同情心的
energy→____________ 精力充沛的
scientific
economic
historic
classic
systematic
dramatic
romantic
sympathetic
energetic
11.后綴－en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
12.后綴－ly
friend→friendly 友好的
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活躍的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
order→orderly 有秩序的
·day→daily 每日的；日常的
13.后綴－ed
balance→balanced 平衡的
gift→gifted 有天賦的
talent→talented 有天賦的
crowd→crowded 擁擠的
·spot→spotted 有斑點的
14.后綴－some
hand→handsome 英俊的
awe→awesome 敬畏的
trouble→troublesome 令人煩惱的
tire→tiresome 討厭的
三、副詞后綴
1.形容詞詞尾直接加－ly
hopeful→hopefully 有希望地
bright→brightly 明亮地
casual→casually 隨意地
correct→correctly 正確地
general→generally 普遍地
particular→particularly 尤其
proper→properly 恰當(dāng)?shù)?br/>main→mainly 主要地
normal→normally 正常地
real→really 真正地
rapid→rapidly 快速地
2.以“輔音字母＋－y”結(jié)尾的，要變y為i，再加－ly
happy→____________ 高興地
busy→____________ 繁忙地
angry→____________ 生氣地
easy→____________ 容易地
greedy→____________ 貪婪地
heavy→____________ 在很大程度上
healthy→____________ 健康地
noisy→____________ 吵鬧地
lucky→____________ 幸運地
happily
busily
angrily
easily
greedily
heavily
healthily
noisily
luckily
3.大部分以e結(jié)尾的形容詞不去e，直接加－ly
immediate→immediately 立刻地
fortunate→fortunately 幸運地
entire→entirely 完全地，徹底地
wide→widely 廣泛地
absolute→absolutely 絕對地；完全地
polite→politely 有禮貌地；客氣地
wise→wisely 明智地；聰明地；精明地
huge→hugely 極其；非常
expensive→expensively 昂貴地
sincere→sincerely 真誠地
extreme→extremely 極度，非常
·true→truly 真正地
·whole→wholly 完全地
4.以－le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加－y
simple→____________ 簡單地；僅僅
gentle→____________ 輕輕地；溫柔地
terrible→____________ 非常，很；極度地
possible→____________ 可能地；也許
probable→____________ 大概；或許
comfortable→____________ 舒服地；安樂地
simply
gently
terribly
possibly
probably
comfortably
5.以－ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加－ally
specific→specifically 專門地；明確地
basic→basically 主要地；基本上
dramatic→dramatically 顯著地；戲劇性地
scientific→scientifically 系統(tǒng)地；合乎科學(xué)地
academic→academically 學(xué)術(shù)上；學(xué)業(yè)上
historic→historically 關(guān)于歷史事件，從歷史觀點上說
classic→classically 傳統(tǒng)地；典雅地
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 熱情地
economic→economically 經(jīng)濟(jì)地
automatic→automatically 自動地
energetic→energetically 精力充沛地
【注意】　public→publicly 當(dāng)眾地
6.特殊情況
shy→shyly 害羞地
dry→dryly 干燥地
full→fully 充分地
dull→dully 遲鈍地；沉悶地
四、動詞前綴或后綴
1.前綴en－
able→enable 使能夠
large→enlarge 擴(kuò)大
rich→enrich 充實；使豐富
danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage 鼓勵
2.后綴－en
broad→broaden 變寬
ripe→ripen (使)成熟
sharp→sharpen (使)變得鋒利
wide→widen 加寬
short→shorten (使)變短
straight→straighten (使)變直
deep→deepen 加深
strength→strengthen 加強(qiáng)
length→lengthen (使)變長
dark→darken (使)變暗
hard→harden (使)變硬
soft→soften (使)變軟
damp→dampen 使潮濕
fright→frighten 使驚嚇
bright→brighten (使)更明亮
threat→threaten 威脅
3.后綴－ify
class→classify 把……分類
just→justify 證明……正確
simple→simplify 簡化
beauty→beautify 美化
identity→identify 識別
quality→qualify 使具備資格
diversity→diversify (使)多樣化
4.后綴－ize
apology→apologize 道歉
emphasis→emphasize 強(qiáng)調(diào)
memory→memorize 記住
real→realize 認(rèn)識到；實現(xiàn)
modern→modernize 使現(xiàn)代化
symbol→symbolize 象征；代表
normal→normalize 使正常化
standard→standardize 使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化
返 回
Ⅲ.多變動詞形式
一、動詞四種形式變化規(guī)則
第三人稱單數(shù) 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去式和過去分詞
一般 規(guī)則 加－s 加－ing 加－ed
特殊 規(guī)則 1.原形動詞詞尾為ch，sh，o，s，x，加－es。如：fix→fixes，teach→teaches，wash→washes 2.原形動詞詞尾為“輔音字母＋－y”時，去y后加“－ies”；若是“元音字母＋－y”，只加“－s”。如：study→studies，say→says 1.原形動詞以不發(fā)音的“－e”結(jié)尾時，去“－e” 后加“－ing”。如：live→living，make→making 2.原形動詞詞尾為“－ie”時，先把“－ie”改為“－y”后加“－ing”。如：lie→lying，die→dying，tie→tying 3.原形動詞詞尾為“元音＋l/r”并為重讀音節(jié)時，常雙寫詞尾字母后再加“－ing”。如：travel→travelling/traveling，prefer→preferring，refer→referring 4.原形動詞以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾，且為重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫最后一個輔音字母后再加“－ing”(字母組合除外)。如：plan→planning，get→getting，stop→stopping。注意：show，grow，draw，blow，know，flow等不用雙寫。 1.原形動詞詞尾為“e”時，加“－d”。如：live→lived，like→liked
2.原形動詞詞尾為“輔音字母＋y”時，去“－y”后加“－ied”；若詞尾為“元音字母＋y”，只加“－ed”。如：study→studied，play→played
3.原形動詞詞尾為“元音＋l/r”并為重讀音節(jié)時，常雙寫詞尾字母后再加“－ed”。如：prefer→preferred
4.原形動詞以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾，且為重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫最后一個輔音字母后再加“－ed”。如：chat→chatted，beg→begged，stop→stopped
二、動詞過去式和過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化
1.AAA型
bet
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 bet
2 broadcast
3 bid
4 burst
5 cast
6 cost
7 cut
bet
broadcast
broadcast
bid
bid
burst
burst
cast
cast
cost
cost
cut
cut
原形 過去式 過去分詞
8 forecast
9 hit
10 hurt
11 let
12 put
13 quit
14 read
15 rid
16 set
forecast/forecasted
forecast/forecasted
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
let
let
put
put
quit/quitted
quit/quitted
read
read
rid
rid
set
set
原形 過去式 過去分詞
17 shut
18 spit
19 split
20 spread
21 sweat
22 thrust
23 upset
24 wed
25 wet
shut
shut
spit/spat
spit/spat
split
split
spread
spread
sweat/sweated
sweat/sweated
thrust
thrust
upset
upset
wed/wedded
wed/wedded
wet/wetted
wet/wetted
2.AAB型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
beat
beat
beaten
3.ABA型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 come
2 become
3 overcome
4 run
came
come
became
become
overcame
overcome
ran
run
4.ABB型
(1)在原形動詞后面加字母－ed或字母－d或字母－t構(gòu)成過去式、過去分詞
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 bless
2 hear
3 burn
4 learn
5 dream
6 mean
7 lean
8 leap
9 spoil
10 deal
blessed
blessed
heard
heard
burnt/burned
burnt/burned
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
meant
meant
leant/leaned
leant/leaned
leapt/leaped
leapt/leaped
spoilt/spoiled
spoilt/spoiled
dealt
dealt
(2)把原形動詞的最后一個輔音字母d改成t
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 build
2 rebuild
3 lend
4 send
5 spend
6 bend
built
built
rebuilt
rebuilt
lent
lent
sent
sent
spent
spent
bent
bent
(3)原形動詞中有a則改為aught，無a則改為ought
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 catch
2 teach
3 buy
4 bring
5 fight
6 seek
7 think
caught
caught
taught
taught
bought
bought
brought
brought
fought
fought
sought
sought
thought
thought
(4)把－eel、－ell改成－elt
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 feel
2 kneel
3 smell
4 spell
felt
felt
knelt
knelt
smelt
smelt
spelt
spelt
(5)去掉一個e或去掉一個a或去掉一個o
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 feed
2 meet
3 speed
4 bleed
5 breed
6 lead
7 mislead
8 shoot
fed
fed
met
met
sped/speeded
sped/speeded
bled
bled
bred
bred
led
led
misled
misled
shot
shot
(6)改變元音字母(a或i變?yōu)閡；i或e變?yōu)閛)
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 dig
2 hang
3 spin
4 stick
5 sting
6 swing
7 shine
8 win
9 get
dug
dug
hung
hung
spun
spun
stuck
stuck
stung
stung
swung
swung
shone
shone
won
won
got
got/gotten
(7)－eep變?yōu)椋璭pt
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 keep
2 sleep
3 oversleep
4 creep
5 weep
6 sweep
kept
kept
slept
slept
overslept
overslept
crept
crept
wept
wept
swept
swept
(8)－ay變?yōu)椋璦id，－ell變?yōu)椋璷ld，－and變?yōu)椋璷od，－ind變?yōu)椋璷und
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 pay
2 repay
3 lay
4 say
5 sell
6 tell
7 retell
paid
paid
repaid
repaid
laid
laid
said
said
sold
sold
told
told
retold
retold
原形 過去式 過去分詞
8 foretell
9 stand
10 understand
11 misunderstand
12 find
13 wind
foretold
foretold
stood
stood
understood
understood
misunderstood
misunderstood
found
found
wound
wound
(9)其他
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 have
2 leave
3 light
4 lose
5 make
6 slide
7 spill
had
had
left
left
lit/lighted
lit/lighted
lost
lost
made
made
slid
slid
spilled/spilt
spilled/spilt
5.ABC型
(1)原形動詞后加－n或－en構(gòu)成過去分詞
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 draw
2 withdraw
3 sew
4 show
5 take
6 overtake
7 mistake
drew
drawn
withdrew
withdrawn
sewed
sewn/sewed
showed
shown
took
taken
overtook
overtaken
mistook
mistaken
原形 過去式 過去分詞
8 undertake
9 shave
10 saw
11 sow
12 shake
13 see
14 foresee
15 eat
undertook
undertaken
shaved
shaven/shaved
sawed
sawn/sawed
sowed
sown/sowed
shook
shaken
saw
seen
foresaw
foreseen
ate
eaten
原形 過去式 過去分詞
16 fall
17 give
18 forgive
19 drive
20 rise
21 arise
22 ride
23 write
24 forbid
fell
fallen
gave
given
forgave
forgiven
drove
driven
rose
risen
arose
arisen
rode
ridden
wrote
written
forbade
forbidden
(2)過去式加－n或雙寫最后一個字母加－en構(gòu)成過去分詞
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 break
2 speak
3 freeze
4 wake
5 weave
6 awake
7 choose
8 steal
9 forget
10 hide
broke
broken
spoke
spoken
froze
frozen
woke
woken
wove
woven
awoke
awoken
chose
chosen
stole
stolen
forgot
forgotten
hid
hidden
(3)ow－ew－own型
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 blow
2 grow
3 know
4 throw
5 overthrow
blew
blown
grew
grown
knew
known
threw
thrown
overthrew
overthrown
(4)i－a－u型
began
begun
shrank/shrunk
shrunk
drank
drunk
rang
rung
sank
sunk
sang
sung
swam
swum
sprang/sprung
sprung
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 begin
2 shrink
3 drink
4 ring
5 sink
6 sing
7 swim
8 spring
(5)ear－ore－orn型
bore
born
tore
torn
wore
worn
swore
sworn
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 bear
2 tear
3 wear
4 swear
(6)其他
返 回
was
been
were
been
did
done
went
gone
lay
lain
flew
flown
原形 過去式 過去分詞
1 be(am，is)
2 be(are)
3 do
4 go
5 lie
6 fly

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