資源簡介

(共54張PPT)
Unit 1
Knowing me, knowing you
Developing ideas
BY MICHELLE
the puppet Pinocchio
Geppetto A kindly woodcarver who wants to have a son.
Jiminy Cricket Pinocchio’s official conscience to tell him right from wrong.
A living puppet, with the help of a cricket as his conscience,
must prove himself worthy to become a real boy.
If you lie, there will be punishment.
Have you ever lied in your life
Lie
to make an untrue statement with intent to deceive
to create a false or misleading impression
For our own benefits
White lie
a harmless or trivial lie, especially one told to avoid hurting someone's feelings
For others’ benefits
Little White Lies
Pre-reading
Look at the pictures. What would you say if you were student B
A
white lies
B
Oh, sorry to hear that. But I did no better than you.
Come on. Actually you did well. I did worse than you.
Well, I did just so-so. ...
While-reading
Read the passage and find out the meaning of “white lies”.
A white lie is a little lie that we tell to protect others from the truth.
Structure of an essay
Es
s
ay
Introduction
Mainbody
Conclusion
—— The aims and an overview of the passage.
—— A series of paragraphs that explore and develop the argument.
—— A summary of the ideas without any new materials here.
While-reading
Read the passage quickly and finish the structure of the passage.
Explore and develop argument.
The aim and an overview of white lies.
A summary of white lies.
Introduction
Para._______
Main body
Para._______
Conclusion
Para.________
1 - 2
3 - 7
8
Little
White
lies
cheat
complicated situation, in which once we tell a lie,
we have to continue to tell more other lies in order to cover the previous ones.
Oh, what a tangled web we weave,
When first we practice to deceive!
tangled web
deceive
Walter Scoot
Honesty is important and lying is wrong.
However, we lie in real life.
To comfort ourselves, we say that we tell white lies.
We know lying is wrong, so why do we tell white lies
Introduction
Main
body
P3-P4
Real life experience
P5-P7
Reasons of telling
a white lie
the food someone cooked is “delicious”
someone’s new haircut is “great”
Reason 1: to make others feel better
Reason 2: to give encouragement
Reason 3: to protect others from bad news
To what extent can we justify telling white lies like these
Reason 1
To make others __________.
Example(s)
Someone’s cooking ____________________________________________.
Someone’s haircut _____________________________________________.
Analysis
Perhaps we lie to protect ourselves _______________________________________________.
feel better
a meal that we don’t like, but we say it’s delicious
is awful, but we say it’s great
from the disappointment and anger of others
Reason 2
______________________________.
Example(s)
_____________________________________________________________________________.
Analysis
Perhaps your friend wants _______________________________________
_______________________________________.
Perhaps they need to know_______________________________________.
To give encouragement
You say your friend’s singing is wonderful, despite thinking your cat
can sing better
some frank comments from you so that they
they should look for a different hobby
can improve
Reason 3
______________________________.
Example(s)
___________________________________________________________________________________.
Analysis
Perhaps your parents ___________________________________________
_________.
To protect others from bad news
You’ve had a bad day, but you hide your tears and lie to your parents
that your day was “fine”
would want to listen to you and understand your
feelings
Conclusion
Even white lies may have results we cannot predict.
So we shouldn’t tell lies even if they are white lies. Honesty is an important value and lying is wrong.
1. What does the “web” in the poem represent
2. What would you do in the situations described in the passage
3. How would you feel if you were told a white lie Share your experience with the class if this has happened to you.
Think & Share
Post-reading
Never tell lies!
Be an honest person!
Language points
...little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
……為了保護他人不被真相傷害而撒的小謊。
protect...from... 保護……免受……
It’s important to wear a mask to protect yourself from the virus.
They set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted.
【歸納拓展】
（1）protect against 防范 protect...against... 保護……免受……
（2） keep...from doing sth.
阻止……做某事 stop...（from）doing sth.
prevent...（from）doing sth.
單句語法填空
（1）What can we do to prevent these animals from 　　　　 　（die）out
（2）We must do something to protect the trees from 　　　　 　（cut）down.
完成句子
（3）It is my duty to 　　　　 　 my younger sisters 　 　（保護……免受）being hurt when they are in danger.
（4）You’d better wear a pair of sunglasses
　 (以保護眼睛免受傷害）.
dying 　
being cut
protect
from/against
to protect your eyes from/against being harmed
Language points
...we say“It’s great! ”，even if we think it’s awful.
……即使我們覺得剪得非常糟糕，也會說“棒極了！”
even if 縱然，即使
Even if you are right，that’s not the way to put it! 就算你對了，也不該那么說呀！
Even if you won’t tell me，I’ll know anyway. 即使你不說，我也會知道。
【詞語辨析】
（ 1）even if/though 意為“即使，雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。主句 若用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時表將來。
（2）as if/though 意為“好像，仿佛”，引導表語從句或方式狀語從句。
完成句子
（1）We’ll support you 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　（即使你不成功）.
（2）I won’t give up， （即使我失敗）a hundred times.
選詞填空（even if/as if）
（3）It doesn’t matter 　　　　 　 it rains.
（4）It looked 　　　　 　 the storm had an awful lot of force.
（5）Allow children the space to voice their opinions， 　　　　 　 they are different from your own.
even if/though you don’t succeed 　
even if/though I fail 　
even if 　
as if 　
even if
Language points
But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these
但是這些善意的謊言到底有多正當呢？
to what extent 在多大程度上
To what extent would you trust them 你對他們信任程度如何？
To what extent do you think he’s aware of the problem 你認為他對問題的嚴重程度了解多少？
【歸納拓展】
（1）to a certain extent 在一定程度上 to some extent 在某種程度上
（2）to a certain degree 在一定程度上 to some degree 在某種程度上 　　
單句語法填空
（1）He said he didn’t like the president，but not 　　　　 　 the extent of wanting to kill him.
完成句子
（2） 　 　　　　　　　 　　（在一定程度上）， we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
（3） 　　　　 　　　　 　　（在某種程度上） what she argues is true.
（4） 　　　　　 　　　 　　（在多大程度上）is this true of all schools
（5）It was and， 　　 　　　　　　 　　（在很大程度上），still is a good show.
to 　
To a certain extent/degree 　
To some extent/ degree 　
To what extent/degree 　
to a large extent/ degree 　
Language points
justify v. 證明（別人認為不合理的事）有道理；為……辯護
搭配:justify doing sth. 證明做某事有道理 justify oneself 為自己的行為作解釋
I can’t really justify taking another day off work.
我真的找不出理由再多休一天假了。
It was the only thing that I could do—I don’t have to justify myself to anyone.
這是我唯一能做的——我不必向任何人解釋。
【單詞積累】 just adj. 公平的，公正的 　　 justice n. 公平，公正
justified adj. 有合理解釋的，有正當理由的
【學法點撥】 beauty—beautify v. 美化 　 　 simple—simplify v. 簡化
diverse—diversify v.（使）多元化　 class—classify v. 將……分類
單句語法填空
（1）You don’t need to justify 　　　　 　（you） to me.
（2）He has been asked to justify the case 　　　　 　 the board.
（3）In my opinion，the decision was wholly 　　　　 　（justify）.
完成句子
（4）He had to 　　　　 　 　（向……為自己辯護）them.
yourself 　
to 　
justified
justify himself to 　
Language points
...perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. ……也許你的朋友就是想聽到你的真實評價，從而改進和提高。
frank adj. 坦率的，坦誠的，直言不諱的
搭配: be frank with sb. 對某人坦誠相告 be frank about sth. 對某事直言不諱
to be frank（= frankly speaking）坦率地說（在句中作獨立成分）
【學法點撥】 一些不定式短語可在句中作獨立成分，表明說話人的態度。如：
to be honest 說實話 　　 to tell（you）the truth 說實話
to be exact 確切地說 　　 to be sure 誠然
to begin/start with 首先 　　 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
單句語法填空
（1） 　　　　 　（frank）speaking，the resources in the world are very limited.
（2） 　　　　 　（be）frank，it is difficult for me to make out what he is saying.
（3）To be frank 　　　　 　 you，I feel very stressed from time to time.
完成句子
（4） 　 　　　　　　　（坦率地說）， I think what you did let us down.
（5） 　 　　　　　　　 　　（說實話），the pay isn’t attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting.
（6）It was difficult， 　　 　（ 誠然），but somehow we managed to finish the job.
Frankly 　
To be 　
with 　
To be frank/Frankly speaking 　
To be honest/To tell（you）the truth 　
to be sure 　
Language points
Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut...
或者有朋友問我們他的新發型怎么樣……
What do you think of... 你認為……怎么樣？
【歸納拓展】 你認為……怎么樣？（用于征求對方對某事或某人的看法）
What do you think of... 　　　What do you make of...
How do you like/find... 　　　How do you feel about...
一句多譯
你覺得讓他解決這個問題怎么樣？
（1）What 　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　asking him to solve the problem
（2）How 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 asking him to solve the problem
do you think of/do you make of 　
do you like/do you find/do you feel about
　
Language points
Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 也許被你評價為“很好吃”的菜肴會在你每次到訪時都出現在餐桌上。
every time 引導時間狀語從句
The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling，but in rising every time we fall. 人生最大的榮耀不在于從不跌倒，而在于每一次跌倒后都能爬起來。
【歸納拓展】 下列表示時間的短語也可以引導時間狀語從句：
the first time/the second time 第一次/ 第二次……時
（the）last time/（the）next time 上次/ 下次……
any time 任何時候
the moment/minute/instant（= as soon as）一……就……
the day/the week/the year 那一天/ 那一周/ 那一年
完成句子
（1）He is always wearing a big smile 　　　　 　　　　 　　（每次）I see him.
（2）［2020·天津卷］— 　　　　　 　（下次）you visit Bob，remember to give him a call in advance.
—Good point. I will.
同義句轉換
（3）As soon as I got home，I found I had left my jacket on the playground.
= 　　　　　 　　　 　 I got home，I found I had left my jacket on the playground.
（4）When I saw him for the first time，he was playing basketball.
= He was playing basketball 　　　　　　　　 I saw him.
every time/each time 　
Next time 　
The moment/minute/instant 　
the first time
Writing an essay
porcupine
Look at the picture. Do you know the name of the animal
Read the fable and choose the message you think it conveys.
1. Porcupines are not sociable animals.
2. The more independent you are, the better your life will be.
3. There should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
a traditional short and vivid story that teaches a moral lesson, especially one with characters
What is the “Dilemma” mentioned in the story
How do the porcupines deal with the dilemma
Make notes based on the passage with your own opinions.
Original author: _______________
Summary of the fable: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Introduction
Schopenhauer
The fable is about a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm. If they get too close, their quills hurt each other, while if they move apart they feel cold. After trying several times, they find the ideal distance. The fable tells us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships
Make notes based on the passage with your own opinions.
Viewpoint: ____________________________________________
Supporting examples in your real life: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Main body
We need boundaries with our friends.
Ma Jing is the first friend I made at senior high. At first, I thought since we were friends, she had to share the same ideas as mine. So I always followed her wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea. Soon, we started quarrelling. “You’re so annoying!” she shouted angrily after a quarrel.How could I become annoying I felt hurt and discussed it with another friend. Then I realized it was my problem. I had been getting too close to her and leaving her no room for herself. Since then, I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired.
Make notes based on the passage with your own opinions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Conclusion
We have to find the proper distance between us and our friends, close enough to understand each other, far enough to respect each other.
Now write an essay. Use the expressions in the box to help you.
This fable describes…
The fable teaches us that…
One example of this from real life is…
In conclusion, …
Useful expressions
本寫作任務要求閱讀一則寓言故事，介紹該寓言故事的內容，分析其隱含的寓意，并結合自身經歷寫一篇文章。介紹寓言故事時以一般現在時為主，講述個人經歷時以一般過去時為主，人稱多用第一和第三人稱。
我們可以將本寫作分為以下三部分：
第一部分：簡要介紹寓言故事并歸納其寓意；
第二部分；講述自身經歷；
第三部分：簡要總結。
【語言表達】
第一部分：簡要介紹寓言故事并歸納其寓意。
The fable describes …
The moral ( 寓意) of this fable lies in the fact that ...
第二部分：講述自身經歷。
It reminded me of my friend ..., who is …
When I …, it was ... who helped me out.
Since then, we have not only become friends but also taught each other what we’re good at.
第三部分：簡要總結。
In conclusion, it’s beneficial to make friends, even if …
The Porcupine Dilemma is written by German philosopher Schopenhauer. The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm. If they get too close, their quills hurt each other, while if they move apart they feel cold. After trying several times, they find the ideal distance. The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships.
Though it is an old fable, it casts a light on us even today. We all value friendship, but have you considered that we need boundaries with our friends
One example from real life is like this. Once I thought friends should get close to each other, the closer the better. Ma Jing is the first friend I made at senior high. At first, I thought since we were friends, she had to share the same ideas as mine. So I always followed her, wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea. Soon, we started quarrelling. “You’re so annoying!” she shouted angrily after a quarrel. How could I become annoying I felt hurt and discussed it with another friend. Then I realized it was my problem.
I had been getting too close to her and leaving her no room for herself. Since then, I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired. Now I have realized that friends need to have boundaries and respect each other, no matter how close we are.
In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long, we have to find the proper distance between each other, far enough to respect each other.
Edit your draft and then share your essay with the class.
Presenting ideas
Work in groups. Read the quotations and discuss their meanings.
Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.
Confucius
Good fences make good neighbours.
Proverb
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood.
Ralph G. Nichols
Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.
Confucius
Analysis of the quotation 1
The teacher often tell us, “do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. In other words, we should treat others the way we would like to be treated.
譯文：己所不欲，勿施于人。------ 孔子
Confucius (551BC-479BC) was a famous Chinese teacher, thinker, and philosopher.
Aphorisms (格言警句)concerning his teachings were compiled in the Analects《論語》.
Is it not delighful to have friends coming from distant quarters
有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？
It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!
逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜
If a man take no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.
人無遠慮，必有近憂。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
言必信，行必果
From Confucius
Good fences make good neighbours.
Proverb
Analysis of the quotation 2
譯文： 好籬笆造就好鄰居。
Similar expressions:
A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
Correct counting keeps good friendship. 親兄弟明算賬 。
a well known sentence or phrase that gives advice and says sth. that generally true.
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood.
Ralph G. Nichols
Analysis of the quotation 3
Ralph G. Nichols is an American scholar on listening behavior. His book Are you listening shows how we listen and listening and communication efficiency can be improved.
structure: S+V+P(主系表結構)
不定式to understand and be understood作后置定語修飾the need
譯文：人類最基本的需要就是理解和被理解。
More quotations for you:
1. Well begun,half done. 好的開始，成功的一半
2. Rome is not built in a day. 冰凍三尺非一日之寒
3. Look before you leap. 三思而后行
4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
5. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情
6. An idle youth, a needy age. 少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲
7. A journey of one thousand miles begins with one step. 千里之行始于足下
Choose one quotation and discuss the following points:
its main message
how it applies to everyday life, giving examples
what we can learn from the quotation
Use the expressions in the box to help you.
For example:
We have chosen to talk about the quotation “Good fences make good neighbours ”. The main message of this quotation is as follows: It is wise to have a clear responsibility/boundary between neigbours.
In daily life, for example, it is better for us to keep a certain distance between us and our friends.
Another example is “ Correct counting keeps good friendship”.
In conclusion, this quotation teaches us that we should have a clear division of work and mind your own business and do not interfere others' affairs.
Give a talk on the importance of honesty following the steps below.
Explain what honesty is.
Give reasons for the importance of being honest.
Support your reasons with examples.
End with your conclusion.
Homework
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