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(共30張PPT)
Unit 2
Making a difference
Using language
-ed as attributive
BY MICHELLE
Do you remember Ryan’s story
Ryan had trouble believing…
He cleaned windows, did gardening to...
In Uganda, he saw...and also saw...
a. ...Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken
by his teacher...
b. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well
with his own eyes.
The words were spoken by the teacher.
The teacher spoke the words.
① Look at the sentences from the reading passage.
What was spoken in sentence (a)
What was finished in sentence (b)
The well was finished by someone.
Someone finished the well.
Why does the author use -ed instead of -ing
Because “the words” were “spoken” instead of “speaking”, and “the well” was “finished” instead of “ finishing”. The words in bold show passive instead of active actions.
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
c. …Ryan had trouble believing the words which
were spoken by his teacher…
d. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the well, which was
finished, with his own eyes.
What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
Sentences (a) and (b) contain -ed as attributive while sentences (c) and (d) contain attributive clauses.
Why does the author choose to use -ed instead of an attributive clause in the reading passage
The sentences using -ed as attributive are more concise and formal.
Now look for more sentences with -ed as attributive in the reading passage.
1) What they needed was a well dug near their homes.
挖在他們家附近的井
2) Many inspired people gave him their support.
受到鼓舞的
3) He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
4) This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had…
-ed also can be used as an attribute with the meaning“……的”。
Grammar: -ed as attributive
過去分詞作定語的意義：
過去分詞是動詞的一種非限定形式，性質上相當于形容詞或副詞，在句子中可以作表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語，一般表示完成或被動的意思。
I don‘t like the book written by Martin.
That is the bike repaired by Tom.
Grammar: -ed as attributive
過去分詞作定語的意義：
不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語僅表示完成，不表示被動。
The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall.
過去分詞（短語）作非限定性定語，相當于非限定性定語從句，用來補充說明被修飾詞的情況，通常用逗號與主句隔開。
The bridge, built last year is in use now.
(=which was built last year)
Grammar: -ed as attributive
過去分詞作定語的意義：
Be+done/adj. 的短語作定語時去be
The boy dressed in blue is my cousin.
In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.
be lost in thought (陷入沉思) be seated (坐著的)
be hidden (隱藏的) be surrounded with (被環(huán)繞著)
be buried/absorbed in (沉溺于) be dressed in (穿著)
be tired of (厭煩) be faced with (面對)
be based on (以…為基礎) be accustomed to (習慣于)
Grammar: -ed as attributive
過去分詞作定語的用法：
單個分詞作定語，一般置于被修飾的名詞之前，常表示已經完成的動作（或沒有一定時間性的動作）。
In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
There are two broken cups on the ground.
(
)
(
)
(
)
Grammar: -ed as attributive
過去分詞作定語的用法：
過去分詞短語作定語，置于所修飾的名詞之后。
The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.
The old man supported by walking stick is our previous headmaster.
(
)
(
)
Grammar: -ed as attributive
過去分詞作定語的用法：
若被修飾的代詞為those, something, everything, nothing等，則過去分詞要放在其后。
He is one of those invited.
(
)
Grammar: -ed as attributive
過去分詞作定語的用法：
當過去分詞或過去分詞短語位于被修飾的名詞之后時，往往可用定語從句代替。
Most of the guests invited to the party were my classmates.= Most of the guests who were invited to the party were my classmates.
Summary
1. 單個詞做定語放名詞前，短語放名詞后。
2. 過去分詞做定語表被動完成。
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表主動進行。
3. 動詞不定式表將來。
4. 被動進行用being done.
5. 特殊用法特殊記。
6. 帶be+adj/done 請去be,剩下部分可以做定狀補。
7. 過去分詞作定語可與被動語態(tài)定語從句換而現(xiàn)在分詞可與主動語態(tài)換。
② Read the discussion between two students about Ryan’s foundation. Rewrite the underlined sentences using the
-ed form.
Ryan is a young man admired by a lot of people. The money raised by his foundation supports schools and communities in Africa.
② Read the discussion between two students about Ryan’s foundation. Rewrite the underlined sentences using the
-ed form.
As in the words spoken by Ryan, we need to not only donate money but also get new ideas. I think the support needed includes new technology for recycling water and education on how to use and save water.
③Read the passage and choose the correct form of the verbs.
v.-ing 表示正在進行中的
v.-ing修飾those, those與live之間為主動關系
Personal qualities
④ Read the descriptions and underline the words that describe personal qualities.
⑤ Put the words you underlined in Activity ④ into the table. Add any more you can think of.
Positive Neutral Negative
independent
generous
honest
confident
creative
easygoing
sensitive
serious
bookish
shy
nervous
lazy
loyal
intelligent
warm-hearted
straightforward
self-conscious
strict
short-sighted
selfish
mean
slack
⑥ Work in pairs. Talk about people’s personal qualities using the words you have learnt.
A: I think my cousin is very brave.
B: Why do you think so
…
To be a volunteer
Do You Know
Ryan’s charity work is not unusual. Many people
donate money and others volunteer to help run
charities. On most UK high streets, for example,
you will often come across people raising money
and looking for volunteers for Cancer Research UK,
the British Heart Foundation, the Royal National
Lifeboat Institution and many more. In China,
volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental
protection, disability assistance and many other fields.
Being a volunteer is very common.
Volunteers are playing an important role in many fields.
What adjectives can you think of to describe a volunteer
committed
dedicated
enthusiastic
willing
selfless
passionate
helpful
friendly
responsible
Volunteers make a difference, and can change lives!
⑦ Listen to the phone enquiry and complete the sentences with the correct ending.
a teaching children with disabilities
b when Sarah can start work
c if Sara is suitable for the work
d horses and being with children
e helping out three times a week
f taking care of old people
1 Sarah likes ____.
2 The man suggests ____.
3 Erica Marshall needs to know ____.
d
a
c
⑧ Listen again and complete the form.
working with children
riding horses
have fun
still enjoy sports
one on one
build a relationship with them
as a volunteer
reference from someone who knows you
Now talk about how Sarah makes a phone enjuiry on becoming a volunteer. Listen again if necessary.
Before making a phone enquiry, take a moment to
prepare your questions. Take notes if necessary. Also,
remember that it’s okay to ask again when you think
it’s not clear enough!
Now talk about how Sarah makes a phone enjuiry on becoming a volunteer. Listen again if necessary.
I’m interested in doing some sort of voluntary work.
Could you tell me how to become a volunteer
I enjoy working with children so…
Can you tell me a bit more about it
What should I do to get the work
Is there anything else I need to know
⑨ Work in pairs and act out a telephone enquiry.
Student A: Turn to Page 105.
Student B: Turn to Page 109.
Summarize the usage of -ed as attributive and do the relevant exercises.
Think about other voluntary work you would like to be involved in, and have a similar conversation.
Homework
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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