資源簡介

(共58張PPT)
Unit 3
The world of science
BY MICHELLE
Developing ideas
Lead-in: What can you get from the video
Galileo
Experiments on the Leaning Tower of Pisa
Newton
Gravity
Pre-reading: What do you know about him
Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.
美國的開國元?jiǎng)字?br/>政治家
作家
印刷商
出版商
發(fā)明家
外交官
科學(xué)家
起草《獨(dú)立宣言》
To encourage readers to question this experiment.
Reading Tip: We recognize the purpose by reading the title, first paragraph and last paragraph.
Pre-reading: What is the function of the question mark
明確的
隱含的
While-reading: Read the passage and find out what Franklin's experiment aimed to prove.
Franklin's experiment aimed to prove that lightning was a form of electricity.
While-reading: Read and match the main ideas.
Paragraph 1　 A. Questioning accepted ideas.
Paragraph 2 B. Benefits of the stories about exploring science.
Paragraph 3 C. Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment.
Paragraph 4 D. Summing up the theme the text.
Paragraph 5 E. Introduction of the theme of the text.
Paragraph 6 F. Not everything about the experiment is true.
While-reading: Read and fill in the experiment report.
Aim
Materials
Result
Procedures

Experiment Report
To prove if lightening was really produced by electricity or something else.
A kite with a string and a metal key.
Lightning was a form of electricity.
A flash of lightning hit the kite. Electricity was conducted to the key.
Franklin got an electric shock.
Franklin touched the key.
Franklin raised the kite.
1
2
3
4
1
Read and retell the experiment.
2
3
4
He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it.
A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
While-reading: What inspiration can we get from Franklin’s experiment
We are inspired by his _____________ and his _________________________________________________.
He also taught us _________________________________________________.
bravery
scientific approach to looking for the truth
the importance of scientific experiments
While-reading: What makes this experiment not scientific
Humans can’t withstand lightning.
Franklin touched the key.
Franklin couldn’t have touched the key.
＋
=
What the text says
What we know
An inference

Reading Tip: Make an inference to discover untold information.
lightning flash: 300 million Volts
household: 120 Volts
touched the key
got an electric shock
was conducted through the string
raised the kite
hit the kite
How much is true
touched the key
Not 100% true

While-reading: Why is questioning so important to scientists
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit them on the head.
accepted ideas
question
facts
Scientists question accepted ideas to ________________________________.
establish facts.
Number the statements to show how people's attitudes towards Franklin's experiment have changed.
Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration is still
considered an inspiration.
People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin's experiment.
Scientists question what really happened in Franklin's experiment.
2
1
3
Post-reading: Think & Share
1. Do you think it matters that Franklin's experiment might not be true Why
No. Although it might not be true, we are still inspired by his spirit of scientific exploration.
Yes. In science, facts should be more important than fiction.
Post-reading: Think & Share
2. What is your opinion about the statement “...We should not always believe everything we read or hear- even if it is a good story
I think the statement is right. From a scientific standpoint, people should stick to the facts and the facts should be proved by experiments and research. A great story is fiction which is often more interesting than the truth.
Post-reading: Think & Share
3. What qualities do you think a great scientist should have
A great scientist should have more than one good quality, such as being smart, intelligent, honest, objective, persistent, brave, creative, and imaginative...
Post-reading: Think & Share
4. In what ways do scientists contribute to society
Firstly, scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.
Secondly, the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our life span.
Thirdly, scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
Work in groups. Explain your understanding of the saying “Seeing is believing”, and then give a talk about it. You may use information in the passage as examples.
Make notes about your understanding of the saying and list supporting details.
Organise your talk following the steps below.
Start your talk by explaining how you understand this saying.
Explain why you think this way. Use the notes you have made to support your ideas.
End your talk by summarising your points.
Give your talk to the class.
Language points
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.本杰明·富蘭克林(1706—1790)是美國的開國元?jiǎng)字?并幫助起草了《獨(dú)立宣言》和美國憲法。
◆ declaration n.聲明,宣告;申報(bào);申報(bào)單,聲明書
【詞匯拓展】
declare vt.　　　　 宣布;聲明;表明;宣稱
declaration of... 宣告……
declare for/against 表示贊成/反對(duì)……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣戰(zhàn)
Language points
Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science.本杰明·富蘭克林的有名的閃電實(shí)驗(yàn)讓一代代的孩子們了解了科學(xué)。
◆ experiment n.實(shí)驗(yàn)　v.實(shí)驗(yàn)
【詞匯拓展】
experiment in　　　　做……方面的實(shí)驗(yàn)
experiment on　　　 在……上做實(shí)驗(yàn)
experiment with 以/用……做實(shí)驗(yàn)
Don’t experiment with such dangerous drugs.
不要用這種危險(xiǎn)的藥物做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
Language points
A metal key was attached to the string.一把金屬鑰匙被綁在了繩子上。
◆ attach v.系上;(使)與……有聯(lián)系;認(rèn)為……重要;把……附在……上
【詞匯拓展】
attach...to...　　　　將……附在……
attach importance/significance/value to..
認(rèn)為……有重要性/意義/價(jià)值(to為介詞)
attached adj. 依戀的;附屬的;喜歡的 be attached to 喜歡;依附于;隸屬于
Society,schools and families should attach great importance to hardship education for all students.
社會(huì)、學(xué)校和家庭都應(yīng)該重視對(duì)全體學(xué)生的艱苦教育。
Language points
A flash of lightning hit the kite,and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 一道閃電擊中了風(fēng)箏,電通過繩子傳到了鑰匙上。
◆ conduct v.傳導(dǎo)(熱、電);實(shí)施;進(jìn)行;指揮;引導(dǎo)　n.行為;舉止;管理
【詞匯拓展】
conductor n.　　　　(樂隊(duì)等)指揮;列車長;售票員
conduction n. 傳導(dǎo)
bad/good conduct 惡劣的行為/良好的行為
under the conduct of 在……指導(dǎo)/管理下
conduct oneself 做人
The core of education is to solve the problem of how to conduct oneself.
Under the conduct of our English teacher,our English scores have improved rapidly.
【遷移應(yīng)用】
翻譯句子
(1)教育的核心是解決如何做人的問題。
(2)在英語老師的指導(dǎo)下,我們的英語成績迅速提高。
Language points
But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key,he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科學(xué)家們都認(rèn)為如果富蘭克林真接觸了鑰匙,他肯定早就死于電擊了。
◆ die from 死于
die from 由外部原因造成的死亡
die of 用于死因存在于人身體之內(nèi)
【詞匯拓展】
die away (尤指聲音、光、風(fēng))逐漸消失,停止;自行消失
die out 滅絕,消失
from　
of　
away　
out
【遷移應(yīng)用】
用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?副詞填空
(1)Many villagers die every year 　　　　　snake bites.
(2)The animals died 　　　　　starvation in the snow.
(3)The sound of the car died 　　　　　in the distance.
(4)Many old customs are dying 　　　　　.
Language points
But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key,he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科學(xué)家們都認(rèn)為如果富蘭克林真接觸了鑰匙,他肯定早就死于電擊了。
【句式剖析】agree后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,賓語從句中包含了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。賓語從句使用了虛擬語氣,表示對(duì)過去情況進(jìn)行不切實(shí)際的假設(shè)。表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”,主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+ have +過去分詞”。
If you had taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.
假若你聽從我的建議,你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。
Language points
【句式拓展】
(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí) (be的過去式通常用were),主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
(2)表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“were to/should+動(dòng)詞原形”,或用一般過去時(shí),主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形”。
(3)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),通常被稱為“錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣”;動(dòng)詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
Language points
(4)在條件句中,可以省略if,把系動(dòng)詞were、助動(dòng)詞had或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should提到句首,成為倒裝句式。
(5)有時(shí),虛擬語氣中并不出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句,而用其他形式(比如without,but for)來代替條件句,通常稱之為“含蓄虛擬語氣”。
had　
would be
If　
had known
【遷移應(yīng)用】
單句填空
(1)If I 　　　　　(have) a lot of money,I would buy a big house with a swimming pool.
(2)If he had taken my advice,he 　　　　　(be) a scientist now.
(3)　　　　　 he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.
(4)Steve said that if he 　　 　　　(know) how it worked,he would have told me what to do.
Language points
Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.
有些人甚至質(zhì)疑那個(gè)蘋果的故事,故事中,蘋果砸中了牛頓的頭,從而促使他提出了他的重力理論。
◆ come up with 提出
【詞匯拓展】
come up　　 走近;上來;發(fā)芽;發(fā)生;被提出 come about 發(fā)生
come across 穿過(路、橋);(偶然)遇見;發(fā)現(xiàn) come out 出來;(書等)出版
come to 蘇醒;總計(jì);達(dá)到;談到 when it comes to... 當(dāng)談到……
with　
across　
up
【遷移應(yīng)用】
用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?副詞填空
(1)No one has come up 　　　　　a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
(2)When walking down the street,I came 　　　　　David who I hadn’t seen for years.
(3)As soon as the project came 　　　　　at the meeting,it attracted many people’s attention.
Language points
In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事實(shí)上,不止一種說法表明,雖然牛頓的靈感確實(shí)來自一個(gè)掉落的蘋果,但沒有證據(jù)表明它擊中了他的頭部。
◆ account n.論述,描述;賬戶;賬目;考慮　v.認(rèn)為,看作;解釋,說明
【詞匯拓展】
accountant n. 會(huì)計(jì);會(huì)計(jì)師
keep an account of 記錄 on account of 因?yàn)?由于
take account of/take...into account 考慮 on no account 絕不
account for 說明/解釋……的原因;(數(shù)量、比例上)占
accounts for
On no account can
take account of
【遷移應(yīng)用】
完成句子
(1)缺錢是她輟學(xué)的原因。
Lack of money　　　　　　　her discontinuing her studies.
(2)你絕不能向任何人提我的名字。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　you mention my name to anyone.
(3)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),我們必須考慮到許多因素。
In developing a design,we must　　　　　　　　　　　　　many factors.
In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事實(shí)上,不止一種說法表明,雖然牛頓的靈感確實(shí)來自一個(gè)掉落的蘋果,但沒有證據(jù)表明它擊中了他的頭部。
【句式剖析】suggests后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,在從句中包含了while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句和that(第二個(gè))引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。while在此處意為“雖然;盡管”,表示讓步,相當(dāng)于although,通常位于句首。
While/Although I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.
雖然我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但我還是能看到他的缺點(diǎn)。
Language points
Language points
【句式拓展】
while作連詞的用法:
(1)while意為“而,然而”,作并列連詞用,表示前后兩者的對(duì)比。
(2)while意為“只要”,表示條件。
(3)while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,從句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一般是持續(xù)性的。
(4)while從句中的省略。當(dāng)while從句中的主語與主句的主語一致,且含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí),從句中的主語連同be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略。
【遷移應(yīng)用】
翻譯句子
(1)I’d like to study law at university while my cousin prefers geography.
(2)While I really don’t like art,I find his work impressive.
(3)Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
(4)While in Spain,I experienced a lot of strange customs.
我想在大學(xué)學(xué)法律,而我的表哥喜歡地理。
盡管我的確不喜歡藝術(shù),但我覺得他的作品讓人印象深刻。
別人在工作時(shí),請(qǐng)不要高聲談話。
在西班牙的時(shí)候,我體驗(yàn)過很多奇怪的習(xí)俗。
Writing an experiment report
Read the instructions for the experiment and answer the questions.
1. What do you think the results of this experiment will be
2. What can you learn from this experiment
1.What do you think the results of this experiment will be
The egg will squeeze into the bottle.
2. What can you learn from this experiment
The experiment shows us the effects of air pressure. Air pressure indeed exists, and it is very powerful.
Check the answers
Watch Egg in a Bottle Experiment
Complete the boxes with the information in Activity 5. Do further research if necessary.
prove whether air pressure really exists
Complete the boxes with the information in Activity 5. Do further research if necessary.
a boiled egg, a glass bottle whose neck is a bit smaller than the egg, and some hot water
First, I removed the shell of the egg. Then, I carefully poured some hot water into the bottle, and shook the bottle gently. After a few minutes, I poured out the hot water. Just at the same time, I quickly placed the egg on top of the bottle
Complete the boxes with the information in Activity 5. Do further research if necessary.
air pressure indeed exists, and it is very powerful. It is the force of the air that pushed the egg into the bottle
Summary
Three parts
Introduction
Introduce the aim of the experiment.
Main body
Describe the materials used in the experiment and explain the procedures.
Conclusion
Report the results and what you have learnt.
The experiment is designed / aimed to...
I prepared..., including...
First..., then..., after...
After the experiment, I can draw a conclusion that...
Useful expressions
Now write a report of the experiment.
Reference Text
The experiment is designed to prove whether air pressure really exists.
At the beginning of the experiment, I prepared the materials, including a boiled egg, a glass bottle whose neck is a bit smaller than the egg, and some hot water. With all the things prepared, the experiment began.
目的是
水煮雞蛋
（物體的）頸部
Reference Text
First, I removed the shell of the egg. Then, I carefully poured some hot water into the bottle, and shook the bottle gently. After a few minutes, I poured out the hot water. Just at the same time, I quickly placed the egg on top of the bottle. To my amazement, the egg squeezed into the bottle at once.
傾倒，倒出
輕輕地
倒出
放置，安放
擠入
Reference Text
After the experiment I can draw the conclusion that air pressure indeed exists, and it is very powerful. It is the force of the air that pushed the egg into the bottle.
結(jié)論；推論
存在
強(qiáng)有力的
力量
Presenting ideas
Work in groups. Look at the pictures and discuss how these objects have changed over the years.
Recorder
Telephone
Computer
Choose one of the objects in Activity 1 or an object that you use every day. Predict how it will further change over the next 50 years.
Make notes about your ideas.
My object:
__________________________________
How it will change: __________________________________
Why it will change: __________________________________
Present your ideas to the class. Use the notes in Activity 2 and the expressions in the box to help you .
It will become…
People will use … instead of …
It will be … for people to …
There will be no … because …
Useful expressions
Review the language points.
Complete your report.
Finish your presentation.
Homework
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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