資源簡介

(共34張PPT)
Using language
BY MICHELLE
If you want to express your ideas clearly and completely, which one will you choose, using words or sentences
used to modify a word or sentence
main elements
subject
主語
predicate
謂語
object
賓語
attribute
定語
predicative
表語
adverbial
狀語
complement
補足語
What makes a sentence
主語
謂語
賓語
定語
狀語
什么 +怎么樣
句子是一個完整的意義單位，由不同的句子成分(parts of speech)構成。其中，最重要的成分就是主語(S)和謂語(V)，分別表明句子的主體和主體的動作或狀態。此外，句子成分還包括賓語(O)、表語(P)、狀語(A)、賓語補足語(C)等，它們共同組成了英語中的基本句型，并承擔不同的表意功能。
一個英文句子就是在表達：
主語S+謂語動詞V （主語可以獨立完成的動作）
1
謂語是主語所做的動作。這種句型的動詞是不及物動詞（即該動作可以獨立發生，不牽涉到別的人或物。動詞后不可以直接接賓語,本身句子意思已經完整）。常見的不及物動詞有：work, jump, arrive, come, disappear, cry, happen, die等。
She sleeps.
I arrived.
He will come.
He is working.
I am crying.
Basic Sentence Structures
【謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有特征或狀態】
【句子說明的人或事物，即：什么】
Jay Chou is a famous singer.
He likes singing best.
The young show great interest in his music.
It’s hard for him to lose weight.
Doing more exercise is helpful to keep fit.
What he really needs is a cup of bubble tea.
（名詞）
（代詞）
（The+adj.作名詞）
（句子）
（to do不定式作真正主語）
（動名詞）
主語（subject)【句子說明的人或事物】
主語S+謂語動詞V+賓語O （有1個動作承受者）
2
【動作作用的對象】
此句型的謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面必須跟賓語，這樣句子意思才完整。賓語是動作作用的對象。
She likes you.
I admire them.
He read books.
I play basketball.
We love our motherland.
Basic Sentence Structures
Show your passport, please.
She didn’t say anything.
I found it interesting to learn English.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Can you write down what I said
（名詞）
（代詞）
（形式賓語）
（不定式）
（動名詞）
（句子）
賓語（object)【動作的對象或承受者——及物動詞/介詞后】
Mindy is a beautiful girl.
The shouting girl has beautiful eyes.
Mindy is a teacher who teaches English.
The students invited to the party were from Chengdu.
（形容詞）
（現在分詞、形容詞）
（句子）
（過去分詞）
定語（attribute）【用來修飾限定名詞或代詞的品質特征】
主語S+謂語動詞V+間接賓語IO +直接賓語DO （有2個動作承受者）
3
【give 給，要做“給”的動作，首先要有給的東西，還得有人接受】
有些謂語動詞需要跟兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。直接賓語通常是物，間接賓語通常是人。
*兩個賓語并不相等
He gives me a pen.
She shows us care.
She teaches us English.
△常見的接雙賓語的動詞有：buy, bring, give, lend, make, show, send, tell等。
△間接賓語前加上介詞to/for，可將其放在直接賓語后面。
如：He gives a pen to me.
Basic Sentence Structures
主語S+謂語動詞V+賓語O+賓語補語OC （只有1個動作承受者，但需要補充信息才完整）
4
【補充說明賓語的狀態，使句意完整、明確。即賓語“怎么樣”】
He considers you clever.
She called the girl baby.
They found the door open.
The food made me sick.
It made me excited.
Mom asked me to open the door.
Basic Sentence Structures
主語S+連系動詞V+表語P （賦予主語某種狀態或性質）
5
【表語是對主語特征、身份的描述】
He is a teacher.
He is tall.
Zhong Nanshan is our hero.
He always keeps positive.
He looks tall.
The dinner smells good.
【把主語和表語連起來】
連系動詞：12355
一“be”: am, is, are
二“看來”：appear, seem
三“保持”: keep, stay, remain
五“變”: get, become，turn, grow, fall
五“感官”: smell（聞起來）, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）,
taste（嘗起來）, feel（感覺）
Basic Sentence Structures
主語S+謂語動詞V+狀語A
6
【狀語修飾動詞，形容詞、副詞或整個句子】
He talked too much.
I woke up early.
He eat happily.
I breathed deeply.
1.Mindy speaks English very well.
2.When she was 12 years old, she could speak five languages.
3.Everyone can greet others by saying “Hello”.
（副詞）
（句子）
（介詞短語）
Basic Sentence Structures
主語S+謂語動詞V+賓語O+狀語A
7
I looked at them in panic.
You’ll make the most of your time at senior high.
I had pictured it over and over again in my mind.
I had my first maths class at senior high school.
【狀語修飾動詞，形容詞、副詞或整個句子】
Basic Sentence Structures
區分
主語S+謂語V+賓語O+賓補OC
主語S+謂語V+賓語O+狀語A
賓補是補充說明賓語，缺了賓語，句子意思不完整（邏輯語義-O是OC）
狀語是修飾成分，修飾謂語動詞/形容詞/整個句子，缺了狀語，句子意思仍然完整
I found him ill.
I want you to know two things.
I made John a monitor.
The boy needs a pen very much.
S + V (主+謂）
S + V + O (主+謂+賓）
S + V + IO + DO (主+謂+間賓+直賓）
S + V + O + OC　　　　　 (主+謂+賓+賓補）
S + V + P (主+系+表）
S + V + A （主+謂+狀）
S + V + O + A (主+謂+賓+狀）
Summary: Basic Sentence Structures
基本句型分析步驟
找主語
找謂語
找賓語
找其他
☆一個句子一定有的成分
☆系動詞-SVP
☆謂語動詞
△無賓語無其他成分-SV
△無賓語有其他成分-SVA
☆一個賓語-SVO
☆兩個賓語-SVIODO
☆修飾賓語-SVOOC
☆修飾成分-SVOA
1. They work hard.
主語
謂語
表語
2. The flower is dead.
主語
系動詞
狀語
Analyze the following sentences.
3. Plants need water.
主語
謂語
間賓
4. He gives me some seeds.
主語
謂語
賓語
直賓
5. We should finish homework in class.
主語
謂語
賓語
6. We found her in tears.
主語
謂語
賓語
賓補
狀語
I saw a white-haired man.
I replied.
He gave me a smile.
I breathed deeply.
I looked at them in panic.
I was embarrassed.
His words made me a lot more relaxed!
主+謂+賓 +賓補
主+謂+狀
主+系+表
主+謂+賓+狀
主+謂+間賓+直賓
主+謂
主+謂+賓
Analyze the following sentences.
Review: basic sentence structures
Match the sentences that share the same structures.
I saw a white-haired man.
I replied.
He gave me a smile.
I breathed deeply.
I looked at them in panic.
I was embarrassed.
His words made me a lot more relaxed!
a He was friendly.
b The exam made me quite nervous.
c I passed him a book.
d She agreed.
e He wrote a long letter.
f He talked loudly.
g She looked after her sister patiently.
Review: basic sentence structures
Look at the picture and tell the story with your own ending. Try to use different basic sentence structures.
For example:
① He makes a mistake.
(I saw a white-haired man.)
② The player is not working now.
(I replied.)
③ The teacher has told us the rules.
(He gave me a smile.)
(Come on! It’s your turn to give us more!)
……
Review: basic sentence structures
Complete the posters with the correct form of the words in the box.
badminton drama band debate gym piano stage photography science
Badminton
gym
Drama
stage
piano
band
Debate
Science
Photography
Discussion：
Work in groups. Talk about the school clubs you would like to join and the activities you can do in them.
After-school Activities:
advantages; disadvantages; solution
Tip: Make notes of key information---names, numbers, facts and instructions.
Listen to the conversation and decide what the speakers are mainly talking about.
List
the time (it takes)
do one thing
important things
Listen again and complete the plan.
Maisie: Hi, Bruno, how are you finding life at senior high
Bruno: Oh,hi, Maisie.Well, it’s OK,I guess.The one problem is that I just don’t seem to
have enough time for everything. There are basketball games, the music club, the school party...
Maisie: Wow! you’ve got a lot on.But it’s more or less the same for me.And I find I always forget something.
Bruno: Me too. We need to do something about it. My father told me that I should make a
to-do list. What do you think
Maisie: It’s a good idea to list the things we’re going to do.
Bruno: And how about recording the time it takes to do the activities We can then see
what takes up most of our time and make better plans. What’s your opinion
Maisie: Great idea.And I’ve got two more ideas.Number one, only do one thing at a
time. That way, you’ll get things done more quickly. For example, if you do your homework while watching TV, it will just take longer to finish your homework. Number two, do important things first.
Bruno: Nice ideas!
Maisie: How about we try all of them for a week and see if things get better
Work in pairs.
Act out the conversation to discuss ideas for a weekend study plan for English.
Student A: Turn to Page 105.
Student B: Turn to Page 108.
1. What’s the point of making a plan
2. Do you know some other time management methods besides making a plan
Stay focused.
Finish what you’ve started.
Minimize distractions.
Improve working efficiency.
No procrastination. [pr kr st 'ne ( )n]
Think & Share.
Review what we learned, especially the key parts;
Understand all the key parts of “sentence components” and “sentence structures”;
Preview “developing ideas”.
Homework
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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