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Unit 6 Earth First
DEVELOPING IDEAS
BY MICHELLE
Watch and think
What is the clip mainly about
In your opinion, which lines impress you most
Warming up
When I thrive, you thrive. When I falter, you falter, or worse.
How you choose to live each day, whether you regard or disregard me, doesn’t really matter to me. Your actions will determine your fate, not mine. I am nature. I will go on. I am prepared to evolve. Are you
What’s really green
Lead in
Look at the questions about “green living” and tick your answers.
1. Which shopping bag is more environmentally friendly
A plastic bag .
A paper bag.
Neither of these.
Lead in
Look at the questions about “green living” and tick your answers.
2. What should you do to save energy when leaving your home
Turn off a device
Unplug a device
Neither of these.
Lead in
Look at the questions about “green living” and tick your answers.
3. What food is better for the environment
Food produced near to where you live.
Food produced far from where you live.
It depends.
Lead in
Look at the questions about “green living” and tick your answers.
4. Which uses less water
Taking a bath.
Taking a shower.
It depends.
Now work in groups and see if other people share your ideas.
Pre-reading
Read the four subheadings in the passage and decide if they are true or false. Then read the passage and check your answers.
Paper shopping bags are better
than plastic ones.
When you turn off a device, it
stops using power.
Eating local food is good for the
environment.
It's better to take a shower than
a bath.
While-reading
The majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.
Why do people think plastic bags are bad for the environment
Why are paper bags not good for the environment
What kind of bag is a better choice
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Because plastic bags cause litter & are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. And it takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down.
Making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. What`s more, the process also produces more greenhouse gases.
A reusable bag is a better choice.
×
What else can be reused in our daily life
shopping bag
thermos
coffee cup
meal box
When you turn off a device, it stops using power.
Why does the device still use power when it’s turned off
Why is the word “off” put into a quotation mark
Because electricity continues to leak from the device even when it is turned “off”.
Because the appliance is not really off, and it goes into stand-by mode and still uses power.
×
What can you learn from this “green truth”
What else can we do to save energy (electricity or water)
We need to remove our cellphone charger from the power supply, and also unplug other household appliances, for example, washing machine, television, reading lamp and so on.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
Why do people think eating local food is better for the environment
Why is eating local food not always better for the environment
The production of food uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
It seems like common sense: Because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.
×
It’s better to take a shower than a bath.
Why is it not always better to take a shower than a bath
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is . If you spend more than eight minutes on shower, you will use as much water as in a bath---about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
×
Read the effects and complete the causes of these according to the passage.
1　Making a paper bag uses more energy and water than making a plastic bag. It also produces more greenhouse gases.
Paper bags are not good for the environment.
2
3
4
Turning off a device won’t stop it from using power.
Eating local food isn’t always better for the environment.
It’s not always better to take a shower than a bath.
Devices turned off go into stand-by mode and still use power.
Local produce sometimes might use more energy and produce more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.
If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower，you’ll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water.
How much do you know about a green lifestyle, after reaing the text
Take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
To make sure the appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
Eating local food isn't always better for the environment.
Keep your shower time as short as possible.
Post-reading
Which of the “green truths” surprises you most Give your reasons.
When you turn off a device，it stops using power. Usually I just turn off my television before going out，thinking it is a safe and green way. I don’t know it’s still a waste of energy.
Post-reading
Are you aware of any other “green truths” that are not true Share them with the class.
Bike-sharing is a green method of transportation and provides a user-friendly experience. However，it causes the energy to be wasted if the bikes are thrown away by the roadside.
Post-reading
How “green” are you Share your “green actions” with the class.
refuse to buy
over-packaged products
donate clothes to others
Post-reading
What can you do to become “greener”
Use reusable bags
Reuse items
Spend less time on electronics
Carry a reusable water bottle
Everyone can't do everything, but everyone can do something.
Post-reading
Work in groups. Give a talk about one of the “green truths” in the passage.
1　Use these questions to help plan your talk.
·Which“green truth”are you going to talk about
·Why do people believe it is “green”
·Why is it not completely true
·What can you do to become “greener”
2　Organise your talk following the steps below.
·Start your talk by stating the topic.
·Describe your chosen“green truth”in more detail.
·Explain why it is not completely“green”.
·End your talk by encouraging your audience to become “greener”.
3　Give your talk to the class.
Post-reading
Work in groups. Give a talk about one of the “green truths” in the passage.
I’m going to talk about one of the “green truths”—Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. As we all know，plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals，which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper. Because of this，we think paper bags are the better environmental choice. However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. In fact，both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So，why not take a reusable bag to become “greener”when going shopping
Language points
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. 我們大多數(shù)人都知道，我們必須保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們大多數(shù)人都采取措施，以節(jié)省能源，減少浪費(fèi)和污染。
major adj.&n.較大的；主要的；主修，專(zhuān)攻
a/the majority of... ……大多數(shù) in the majority占大多數(shù)
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①All but one of the deaths and the majority of those infected _________(be) in Germany.
②Among the members of the committee those who favour the changes are ___________ the majority.
have been
in
Language points
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. 我們大多數(shù)人都知道，我們必須保護(hù)環(huán)境，大多數(shù)人都采取措施，以節(jié)省能源，減少浪費(fèi)和污染。
take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事 step by step 逐漸地，一步一步地
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We must take ________ (step) to help the families of those who were hurt.
②Our listening ability needs improving step _____ step.
一句多譯
③是時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止空氣被污染了。
It’s high time that we ____________________ to keep the air from being polluted.
→It’s high time that we ________________ to prevent the air from being polluted.
→It’s time for us to ________________ to stop the air from being polluted.
steps
by
should take measures
took action
take steps
Language points
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一個(gè)紙袋所需的能量是制造一個(gè)塑料袋的四倍，所消耗的水量是一個(gè)塑料袋的三倍還多。
a large/vast amount of 大量的 amounts of 大量的 the amount of ...……的數(shù)量
注意：(1)a large/small/huge amount of＋不可數(shù)名詞(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式)
(2)large/vast amounts of＋不可數(shù)名詞 (作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式)
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Because of ____________ large amount of mail we receive，we may not be able to reply to your letter.
②A large amount of money ________________ on the bridge since last year.
③The amount of training you need ____________ (depend)very much on your goals.
a
has been spent
depends
Language points
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一個(gè)紙袋所需的能量是制造一個(gè)塑料袋的四倍，所消耗的水量是一個(gè)塑料袋的三倍還多。
【分析】 four times as...as...為倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式；three times＋the amount of也是倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式。
【拓展】
(1)...times＋形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)＋than...
(2)...times＋as＋形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)＋as...
(3)...times＋the＋名詞(如： size，height，weight，length，width 等)＋of...
(4)...times＋more＋名詞＋than...
(5)...times＋as many (或 much )＋名詞＋as...”
Language points
補(bǔ)全句子
①But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried ________________on the earth and fell over.
但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。
②This dictionary is _______________________ the one you borrowed from the library.
這本詞典的厚度是你從圖書(shū)館借的那本(厚度)的 5 倍。
③We’ve produced _________________________________ (we did) ten years ago.
今年我們生產(chǎn)的棉花比十年前多了一倍。
twice as far as
five times as thick as
twice as much cotton this year as
Language points
To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply.
為了確保你的電器實(shí)際上是關(guān)閉的，從電源上拔下插頭。
remove...from... 把……從……移開(kāi)/撤掉 remove one’s doubt 消除某人的疑慮
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Of the three columns concerning health，entertainment and culture，my suggestion is that the column of entertainment ____________ (remove).
②The company has removed the manager _______ his post due to his poor performance.
補(bǔ)全句子
③Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work，the little girl helps her to _______________________________.
意識(shí)到媽媽工作一天后肯定很累，小女孩幫助媽媽把包從肩上拿下來(lái)。
be removed
from
remove the bag from her shoulder
Language points
It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.
它敦促人們不要浪費(fèi)餐桌上的任何東西來(lái)節(jié)省食物。
urgent adj.緊急的 urgency n.緊迫；急迫；急事
urge sb to do/into doing sth 敦促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth 極力主張；強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth 堅(jiān)決要求做某事
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Our teacher urges us ____________(study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
②There is no sense of ____________(urge) to do my school work immediately.
③The report urged that all children ________________(teach) to swim.
to study
urgency
be taught
Language points
We are concerned that... 我們擔(dān)心……
concern v.涉及，與……有關(guān)； 使擔(dān)心，使擔(dān)憂(yōu) n.擔(dān)心，憂(yōu)慮，焦慮
as far as...be concerned 就……而言
be concerned with... 與……有關(guān)，涉及……
be concerned about/for 為……擔(dān)心
單句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①The meeting was concerned ______ reforms and everyone present was concerned ___________ their own interests.
②________________________，you can forget about it.
依我看，你可以把這事忘了。
with
for/about
As far as I’m concerned
Language points
Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.Add any more you can think of.
看看有助于碳足跡的三個(gè)項(xiàng)目，再加上你能想到的東西。
contribution n.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；稿件
(1)contribute sth to...把某物捐獻(xiàn)給…… contribute to 有助于；導(dǎo)致；投稿
(2)make a contribution /contributions to 對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Located where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more ____ the Belt and Road construction.
②Eating too much fat ____________ (contribute) to heart disease and causes high blood pressure.
③Your ____________ (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
④In conclusion，everyone should make contributions to ____________ (protect) the environment.
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
⑤He made such a great contribution to the university that the new library was named after him.
→He ________________ the university so the new library was named after him.
to
contributes
contribution
protecting
contributed to
Language points
The average score of our group is... 我們組的平均分?jǐn)?shù)是……
the/an average of ...……的平均數(shù)
above/below(the)average 在一般水準(zhǔn)以上/下
on(the/an)average 按平均數(shù)計(jì)算
up to(the)average 達(dá)到水準(zhǔn)
補(bǔ)全句子
①__________________________ are absent each day.
平均每天有10個(gè)學(xué)生缺席。
②The amount of snow this year has been ________________.
今年的降雪量低于平均水平。
An average of 10 students
below average
Language points
in some cases 在某些情況下
(1)in that case 既然那樣，如果那樣的話 in some cases 在某些情況下
in any case 無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣 in most cases 在多數(shù)情況下 in no case 決不
(2)in case 萬(wàn)一；假使 in case of 萬(wàn)一；如果發(fā)生；假設(shè)
用case相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①_____________(在某些情況下)noise pollution can actually help some animals while harming others.
②_____________(在大多數(shù)情況下)，these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing.
③Meanwhile，my horse got frightened，jumped up，and ran around wildly.I held the rope tightly __________(以防) I might fall off.
④________________(無(wú)論如何都不) should you lend him any money.
In some cases
In most cases
in case
In no case
Language points
In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport. 在某些情況下，本地農(nóng)產(chǎn)品可能比在很遠(yuǎn)的地方生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消耗更多的能源，產(chǎn)生更多的溫室氣體——甚至要考慮到其運(yùn)輸。
take into account/consideration 考慮，體諒 take account of 考慮到
一句多譯
做計(jì)劃的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該把每一件事情都考慮進(jìn)去。
→_____________________________________________________________________
→_____________________________________________________________________
→_____________________________________________________________________
We should take everything into account/consideration when making a plan.
We should take account of everything when making a plan.
Everything should be taken (take) into account when making a plan.
Language points
In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport. 在某些情況下，本地農(nóng)產(chǎn)品可能比在很遠(yuǎn)的地方生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消耗更多的能源，產(chǎn)生更多的溫室氣體——甚至要考慮到其運(yùn)輸。
【分析】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“might＋have done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)。
【拓展】 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”用法歸納
(1)should have done 過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做(而實(shí)際上未做)；
(2)shouldn’t have done 過(guò)去本不該做(而實(shí)際上做了)；兩者都含有責(zé)備或后悔的口氣。
(3)must have done (過(guò)去)一定做過(guò)
(4)could have done (過(guò)去)本能夠做而未做；(過(guò)去)可能做過(guò)
(5)can’t/couldn’t have done (過(guò)去)不可能做過(guò)
(6)needn’t have done (過(guò)去)本沒(méi)必要做而做了
Language points
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①His room was dark last night.He ______________________ (go) to bed.
②You ___________________(set) down his telephone number yesterday，but you didn’t.
③You ____________________(go) without telling us.We were really concerned about you.
④It _________________(rain) last night，for the ground is wet.
⑤I ___________________(buy) so much wine—only five people came.
might/may have gone
should have set
shouldn’t have gone
must have rained
needn’t have bought
Writing a persuasive letter
What is “a persuasive letter”
persuade: to make someone decide to do something, especially by giving them reasons why they should do it, or asking them many times to do it
persuasive: able to persuade sb to do or believe sth
Persuasive Letter is a letter written to persuade audiences or individual towards accepting the writer's issue, interest or perspective. The motive of the persuasion letter is to ‘Get your work done’ in layman terms.
Dear Friends，
We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign. It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. You may not know over 30% of the world’s food is wasted，while many people in poor areas do not have enough to eat. In order to save food，we propose：
1　Do not order more than you need in the school canteen.
2　Order less and take leftover food home when dining in restaurants.
3　Call on family members and friends to take part in the campaign.
Reducing daily food waste by just 5% could save millions of people from starvation. Let’s start doing what we can to make the world a greener，cleaner place!
With best wishes，
Class 8
Read the letter and answer the questions.
1 What is the purpose of the letter
2 What is the existing problem
3 What are the proposed actions from Class 8
The structure of the persuasive letter.
the purpose of a letter
the existing problem (causes-effects)
the proposed actions (measures)
an appeal for participation
Read for persuasive devices.
imperatives
modal verbs
using evidence
adjectives or adverbs
involving the reader
persuasive devices
Group work
Discuss another environmental issue about which
to write a persuasive letter and make notes.
Problem：
Cause（s）：
Solution（s）：
Now write a persuasive letter. Use the expressions in the box to
help you.
Share your letter with the class.
□Useful expressions
·We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of...
·We are concerned that...
·We would like to suggest...
·We hope that you will consider...
·One of the reasons for this is...
·In order to improve the situation，we should...
Writing a persuasive letter
Dear Friends，
We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of the need to protect our planet. You can help simply by participating in the No Bottled Water campaign.
People tend to think bottled water is cleaner and more convenient. However，they may not know that according to scientific research，millions of tons of plastic is used worldwide to make water bottles each year. The plastic can take hundreds of years to break down.
If you are worried about the effects of bottled water on the Earth，we would like to suggest you take the following steps：
1 Carry your water in a sustainable，reusable bottle. In this way，you don’t need to buy bottled water.
2 If you have to purchase a plastic bottled beverage，recycle the bottle after use.
3 Call on your family members and friends to take part in this campaign.
Everyone is responsible for making our planet cleaner and better by doing what we can. Let’s start NOW.
With best wishes，
Class 11
Presenting ideas
Work in groups. Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint. Add any more you can think of.
rubbish smoking printing
Create a carbon footprint survey. Think of two questions and possible answers for each topic. Give each answer a score from 1（a low carbon footprint）to 3（a high carbon footprint）.
Carry out the survey and use the results to come up with ways to reduce carbon footprint.
Carbon footprint survey
1　How often do you walk，cycle or take public transport to school
Never（3） □ One to three times a week（2） □ Almost every day（1） □
...
Report the results of your survey and your ideas to the class. Use the expressions in the box to help you.
□ Useful expressions
·The average score of our group is...
·The results show that...
·The biggest problem is...
·We’re glad to see that...
·In order to...，we suggest...
Reflection
After completing this unit，I can rate my performance 1（excellent），
2（good）or 3（in need of improvement）.
□ talk about environmental issues
□ interrupt someone politely
□ write a persuasive letter to raise awareness of an environmental issue
□ challenge views or assumptions and make informed decisions
□ live a greener life at home and at school
I’ve learnt to make use of the following words and expressions：___________
_________________________________________________________________
I still need to improve：______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Read the passages again,understand these passages better.
Complete the exercises.
Use logical thinking and critical thinking to sort out and judge common viewpoints in life.
Write a letter of advocacy related to environmental protection with what they have learned.
Homework
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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