資源簡介

(共46張PPT)
Unit 5
Revealing
nature
Starting out & Understanding ideas
BY MICHELLE
Starting out
What do you know about these animals What makes them special
What other similar animals do you know about Share your knowledge with the class.
Look at the page from a science magazine and answer the questions.
The Komodo dragon is the largest lizard in the world. It can grow to three metres in length and can weigh about 135 kilograms. Despite its size and weight, it can run for short distances at up to 20 kilometres per hour.
The duck-billed platypus is a small egg-laying mammal (up to 60 cm in length) found only in Eastern Australia including Tasmania. As its name suggests, it has a mouth that looks like a duck’s bill, while its thick fur and flat tail are similar to those of a beaver.
As one of the oldest sea animals in the world, the nautilus has hardly changed in about 500 million years, and that is why it is often given the name “living fossil”.
They are all species that survived for thousands of years on earth; They are old and rare (unusual).
Jellyfish are soft-bodied，free-swimming aquatic animals with an umbrella-shaped bell.They are found in every ocean.
How can seeds travel How can this benefit plants
2. Can you think of another example of seeds travelling Share
it with the class.
Watch the video and answer the questions.
Plants can have a better chance at life.
by the wind
by water
by animals
How can seeds travel How can this benefit plants
2. Can you think of another example of seeds travelling Share it with the class.
Seeds Traveling
by itself
by the wind
by the water
by the birds
by the animals
by the insects
Undesrtanding ideas
Look at the evolutionary tree and answer the questions.
evolutionary
tree
What species do you recognise in the picture
What factors can cause the process of evolution
paramecium 草履蟲（單細胞生物）
jellyfish 水母（腔腸動物）
flatworm（扁形動物）
earthworm 蚯蚓（環節動物）
snail 蝸牛（軟體動物）
crab 螃蟹（節肢動物）
starfish（棘皮動物）
fish（魚類）
frog 青蛙（兩棲動物）
turtle 海龜（爬行動物）
bird（鳥類）
zebra 斑馬（哺乳動物）
human（人類）
algae（藻類）
moss（苔蘚）
fern (蕨類)
gymnosperms（裸子植物）
angiosperm（被子植物）
horsehair worm（線形動物）
evolutionary
tree
The ever-changing environment of nature;
genetic mutation...
population immigration;
natural competition；
A Journey of Discovery
Pre-reading
Who made this discovery
What is the discovery
How did he make the discovery
Charles Robert Darwin
The theory of evolution
The Origin of Species
The British biologist, naturalist and the founder of Theory of Evolution. In his early years, he sailed around the world on the Beagle for five years, and observed and collected a lot of animals, plants and geological structures. He published the Origin of Species and put forward the theory of biological evolution.
Charles Robert Darwin
Feb 12th, 1809—Apr 19th, 1882
Darwin's Theory of Evolution is one of the basic foundations of modern science. It shows that plants and animals can change over time. The changes are usually small and difficult to detect, but they add up over many generations and can result in new species.
How did he make the discovery
Introduction
On his journey
Generate ideas
Look for more evidence
Develop ideas
Propose a theory
Conclusion
Para.1
Para.7
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6
Para_____
Para______
Para_____
While-reading
The structure
1
2-5
The text is organized in order of ______.
time
Before
the journey
During
the journey
After
the journey
6-7
What's the genre of the passage
Exposition
Argumentation
Narration
What
Where
Who
Why
How
A Journey of Discovery
Darwin
Question: How did different species come to exist
England → South America
Galapagos
Islands
By ship — the Beagle
1831
1835
1839
On the Origin of Species
Choose the main idea of the passage and give your reasons.
Darwin’s interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.
Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
1. What is the function of para. 1
To praise Charles Darwin
To arouse readers’ interests
To introduce Charles Darwin’s achievements
To inform readers of Charles Darwin’s life
2. Which of the following statements about Charles Darwin is True
Darwin wanted to benefit from visiting little-known countries
Darwin quitted medical school due to his lack of money
Darwin’s father was satisfied with Darwin
Darwin’s made a significant scientific discovery thanks to his adventures on the ship Beagle
Para. 1: Introduction
Para. 2: On his journey
very similar to each other
various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collected
ON HIS JOURNEY
Darwin studied ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He noticed that some species of animals were ____________________________________
Para. 3: Generate ideas
GENERATE IDEAS
Darwin asked the questions:
How did different species_____________？
____________________________________________________________________
come to exist
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments？
premise All species were created by ________. Some species of animals were very __________ to each other.
The environment was ___________.
conclusion All species had appeared on Earth _________________, and had not ________ since. Maybe animals _________ as they ____________ their changing environments.
God
at the same time
changed
similar
changing
evolved
adapted to
Para. 4: Look for more evidence
LOOK FOR EVIDENCE
On the Galápagos Islands:
He noticed ____________________________________________________________________________
It seemed the beaks ____________________________________________________________________________
had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island
that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands
Para. 5: Develop ideas
DEVELOP IDEAS
Darwin suspected that the finches ________________________________________________________________________________________________
and it had ________________________________________________.
had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before
slowly evolved into many new species
A _________ ancestor
__________ into different species
common
evolve
Para. 6: Propose a theory
PROPOSE A THEORY
The Theory of Evolution: living things, including humans,
____________________________________________.
had evolved from lower forms of life
_______ to believe
people were _______
______ to believe
refused
shocked
started
Develop Ideas
Propose a theory
Look for
more evidence
Generate Ideas
On his journey
studied ___________________ and noticed some species were very ___________ to each other
Animals _________ as they adapted to their _________ environments
_______ of finches ________
Species________
The Theory of _________
various living things
similar
evolved
changing
Beaks
evolved
evolved
evolution
A Journey of Discovery
Para. 7: Conclusion
Journey on the ___________
Journey to discover _______________
The Theory of Evolution
ship Beagle
A Journey of Discovery
asked himself a question(generated an idea)
answered the question(developed an idea)
published the book (proposed a theory)
started his journey
Post-reading
Why were many people “shocked” by Darwin’s theory？
At that time, many people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since, but Darwin’s theory proposed that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life, which, as a result, shocked many people.
What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
Darwin was a determined man. He had strong curiosity and interests in science and was good at thinking and making discoveries.
How do you think the human species will evolve in the future
What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration How can this spirit help you in your life and studies
Be a real explorer not just in study, but also in your life!
Language points
The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. 這次旅行使他有機會在自然環境中研究各種生物。
various adj. 各種各樣的; 多方面的; 許多的
【語塊積累】
vary 　　　　　　　　vi. 變化; 不同; [生]變異
vary from . . . to 從……不同
variety n. 不同; 種類; 變化, 多樣化 復數: varieties
a variety of=varieties of 各種各樣的, 種種
【即學活用】
(1)To join the Party, he took an active part in __________ activities.
為了入黨, 他積極參加各種活動。
(2)These data have been collected from _______ sources.
這些數據是從各方面搜集來的。
(3)Typing patterns _________ person to person.
打字模式因人而異。
a variety of
various
vary from
Language points
His room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. 他船上的房間里堆滿了他收集的動植物標本。
be crowded with 擁塞; 擠滿; 充滿
【語塊積累】
crowd in　　　　　(想法、問題等) 涌上心頭; 涌入腦海
be crowded with. . . 擠滿了……
crowd into/out of 擠進/擠出
crowd around 聚集在……的周圍
a crowd of 一群; 一伙; 一堆
crowds of 成群的……; 許多
【即學活用】
(1)語法填空。
①The landscape of public health is ________ (crowd) with an ever growing
number of partnerships, initiatives, and implementing agencies.
②When species crowd ____ an area, they compete for resources and become
efficient at using them.
(2) ____________ gathered on a square outside the Kremlin walls.
一大群人聚集在克里姆林宮墻外的廣場上。
crowded
into
A huge crowd
Language points
As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist 當他研究這些物種時, 他問了自己一個問題: 不同的物種是如何形成的
come to exist存在, 形成
【語塊積累】
come across (偶然)遇見; 碰見 come into being 形成
come to/into power 上臺執政, 當權 come to an end 結束
come to a conclusion 得出結論 come to the point 說到要點, 切中要害
come to life 蘇醒過來, 變得活躍起來
come out 出現; 開花; 發行; 發表
【即學活用】
(1)語法填空。
①President Trump has cracked down on Chinese trade since he came ____
power.
②Quite by accident, she came up ____ a brilliant and simple solution to the
challenging problem.
(2) _______________China’s economic development, most countries in the world have great expectations for our development prospects. 當談到中國經濟發展的時候, 世界上大多數國家都對我們的發展前景抱有很大期望。
into
with
When it comes to
Language points
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments 也許動物是在適應不斷變化的環境時進化的
adapt vi. 適應于, 適應不同情況(或環境)(to)
【知識延伸】
adaptation 　　　n. 適應, 順應; 改編, 改編本
adapted adj. 適合的 v. 使適應, 改編(adapt的過去式)
adaptable adj. 可適應的; 有適應能力的; 適合的; 可改編的
【語塊積累】
adapt to　　　　(使)適合; (使)適應
adapt from 根據……改寫(或改編); 改自
【易混辨析】
adopt與adapt
adopt是及物動詞, 接名詞或代詞作賓語。作“采用, 采納, 采取”解時, 后面常接方法、方針、步驟、政策、意見、態度、計劃之類的名詞; 作“正式通過或接受”解時, 后面常接報告、議案、決議、方案、計劃之類的名詞。
adapt vt. 改編; 使適應 vi. 適應。adapt的基本意思是通過必要的改動以適應新的條件或適于某事物。用作及物動詞時意思是“使適應, 使適合”, 接sb. /sth. 作賓語, “適應”的客體常可用介詞to引出。adapt還可特指“改編”“改寫”, 這時其客體須由介詞for或from 引出。
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
【即學活用】
(1)語法填空。
①She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman _______ (adopt)her.
②These styles can be _______ (adapt) to suit individual tastes.
③She refused to give the child for ________ (adopt).
(2)It took him a while to ______________ the cold weather.
他過了好一陣子才適應了寒冷的天氣。
(3)Children ________ a new environment more easily than adults.
兒童比成人更容易適應新的環境。
(4)It is well known that the film Red Sorghum is ____________ the novel of the same title by Mo Yan.
眾所周知, 電影《紅高粱》改編自莫言的同名小說。

adopted
adapted
adoption
adapt himself to
adapt to
adapted from
Language points
When the Beagle reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. 當貝格爾號在1835年到達加拉帕戈斯島時, 達爾文看到了各種各樣的新物種, 但最讓他感興趣的是鳥類。
【句式解構】
　　該句為復合句, when 引導時間狀語從句, it was . . . that. . . 為強調句。
*(2018·天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 當汽車停在我們家前面時, 我們才看到莉莉坐在副駕駛座上。
快速掌握強調句
(1)強調句常用來突出說話人要強調的語言信息, 給對方以強烈的印象和感受。譯成漢語時, 常加上 “正是”等字眼。
其基本結構: It + be的適當形式 + 被強調成分 + that (who) + 其他成分
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (強調主語he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (強調賓語the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (強調地點狀語in this shop)
【注意】
①在該強調結構中, It無任何意義但不可以換成this或者that等。
It is (was). . . that (who). . . 為結構詞, 假如去掉, 剩下部分在語法結構和句子含義上均完整, 這一點正是它和定語從句等的本質區別。
②關于that與who
當被強調部分指人時, 可以用who/that; 當被強調部分指物時通常用that; 當被強調部分既包括人又包括物, 用that不用who。
It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.
(2)特殊形式的強調句結構
強調句型的否定形式、一般疑問句形式、特殊疑問句形式:
①否定形式: It is/was not+被強調部分+that+其他成分.
It was not in England that Olympic Competitions first started.
②一般疑問句形式: Was/Is it + 被強調部分 + that+其他成分
Is it the girl in red that is your sister
③特殊疑問句形式: 特殊疑問詞 + was/is it + that + 其他成分
What is it that you want me to do
Who was it that told you the news
When was it that he first came to China
Where was it that you met her
How was it that he solved the problem
【即學活用】
(1)語法填空。
①It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
②It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what
you are.
(2) ______during the Second World War ____ he died
他是在第二次世界大戰期間死的嗎
(3) _____________she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a
famous film star.
直到她摘下墨鏡, 我才意識到她是一位著名的電影明星。
that
that
Was it
that
It was not until
that
Language points
But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是達爾文的科學研究是如此有說服力, 以至于越來越多的人開始相信他的理論。
convincing adj. 令人相信的; 有說服力的
【語塊積累】
convince vt. (convinced; convinced)　使相信, 說服; 使確信
convince sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
convince sb. that. . . . 使某人相信……
be convinced of sth. /that 確信; 承認……
【即學活用】
(1)語法填空。
①He tried to convince them __ the safety of traveling by airplane.
②We are _________ (convince)that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games
will be a great success.
③There is now __________(convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
(2)The acting is ________________ it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.
這表演如此有說服力以至于使你相信這是他吃過的最可口的飯菜之一了。
of
convinced
convincing
so convincing that
Review language points.
Do further research with your friends about why Darwin did not publish his Theory of Evolution until 1859, about twenty years after his discovery.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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