資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共30張PPT)
Unit 2
Onwards and upwards
BY MICHELLE
Using language
-ing and to-infinitive as object
Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
0,000 people reading my blog! b I love to photograph the rising sun, …
a. J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school, ...
b. J.D.Salinger started to write short stories in high school, ...
Q1. Do sentences (a) and (b) have the same meaning
Yes, they do.
0,000 people reading my blog! b I love to photograph the rising sun, …
c. Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop trying.
d. Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop to try.
Q2. Do sentences (c) and (d) have the same meaning
No, they don’t.
Activity 1
0,000 people reading my blog! b I love to photograph the rising sun, …
e. These are the words that every writer dreads
receiving, ...
Q3. Can “receiving” in sentence (e) be changed into “to receive”
No, it can’t.
Now Look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
1. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We're delighted to inform you...”
2. ...three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print.
3. However, this was a time when women were not encouraged to become writer.
4. ...but later struggled to get his works published.
5. .. became an immediate best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.
“trying” can not be replaced by “to try”
”Seeing” can not be replaced by “to see”
“to become” can not be replaced by “becoming”
“to get” can not be replaced by “getting”
“to sell”can not be replaced by “selling”
In what situation is a verb followed by the -ing form as object, and in which situation is a verb followed by to infinitive as object
-ing as object
-ing form 是由動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)，它一方面保留著動(dòng)詞的某些特征，具有動(dòng)詞的某些變化形式，用以表達(dá)名詞所不能表達(dá)的較為復(fù)雜的意念，另一方面它在句子里的用法及功能與名詞類同：在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。-ing form的否定形式在前面之間加not, 即not -ing form。
They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend.
在尋找工作和結(jié)交朋友方面，他們不斷地受到歧視。
Living in digs means having one room in someone’s house.
寄居的意思是在別人的家里借住一間房間。
-ing form作賓語(yǔ)的用法一
在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)（這些動(dòng)詞后不能接to infinitive)
acknowledge承認(rèn) admit承認(rèn) advise建議 advocate倡議 allow允許 appreciate欣賞 avoid避免 consider考慮 delay推遲 deny否認(rèn)
enjoy喜歡 escape逃避 excuse原諒 fancy想象 feel like想要finish完成 forgive原諒 can‘t help禁不住 hinder阻礙 imagine想象involves涉及 keep保持 mean意思是 mind介意 miss錯(cuò)過(guò)
pardon原諒 postpone推遲 practice練習(xí) prevent阻止 recall回憶report報(bào)告 resent怨恨 resist抵制 risk冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn) suggest建議
-ing as object
-ing form作賓語(yǔ)的用法二：
在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，如：
On leaving school, he went into business.
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work （get down to中的to是介詞）
-ing form作賓語(yǔ)的用法三：
在形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)，如：
The music is well worth listening to more than once.
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.
-ing as object
注意，有些動(dòng)介詞搭配中的介詞為to, 常常會(huì)被誤以為是to infinitive, 常見(jiàn)的帶介詞to的動(dòng)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)為：
be used to 習(xí)慣 be related to 與……有關(guān)
get down to 著手做 adapt to 適應(yīng)
put one’s mind to 全神貫注于 give rise to 引起
be equal to 勝任 ；等同于 devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于
lead to 導(dǎo)致 be opposed to 反對(duì)
look forward to 盼望 object to 反對(duì)
stick to 堅(jiān)持 pay attention to 注意
look up to 欽佩，羨慕 make contributions to 做出貢獻(xiàn)
adjust to 調(diào)整 attend to 照看
refer to 指代 see to 確保
1. They went on ___________(walk) and never stopped __________(talk).
3. Mark often attempts to escape ___________(fine)being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
4. He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk _______（lose) the good opportunity.
5. —Robert is indeed a wise man .
—Oh, yes. How I have regret ___________(not take) his advice !
6. Shortly after ___________(suffer) from a massive earthquake and _____________
(reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new book.
walking
talking
being fined
losing
not taking
suffering
being reduced
1.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble___________(think) of the right things
to say.
2. While shopping, people sometimes can't help ________________ (persuade) into buying s
something they don't really need.
3. I'm looking forward to _________ (see) you this summer vacation.
4. I had great difficulty _________ (find) the suitable desk in that restaurant because there
were so many people.
5. —Mr and Mrs White bought a tent just now.
—Oh，they are considering_________ (go)camping this weekend.
6. I can’t imagine Tom _______ (do) the work alone.
thinking
being persuaded
seeing
finding
going
doing
to-infinitive as object
to infinitive 動(dòng)詞不定式是指動(dòng)詞中的一種不帶詞形變化從而不指示人稱、數(shù)量、時(shí)態(tài)的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，表示的意義多為“打算”“計(jì)劃”“希望”“將要做某事”等表示未來(lái)的或未做的事，而-ing form表示正在進(jìn)行，一般性或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的行為。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式在前面之間加not, 即not to infinitive。
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
to infinitive 作賓語(yǔ)的用法一
在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)（這些動(dòng)詞后不能接-ing form)
afford付得起 agree同意 aim力求做到 appear顯得 arrange安排
ask要求 attempt 試圖 want想要 choose決定 claim聲稱
decide決定 demand要求 determine決心 endeavor竭力 expect期待
fail未能夠 hesitate猶豫 hope希望 learn學(xué)會(huì) manage設(shè)法
neglect疏忽 offer主動(dòng)提出 plan計(jì)劃 prepare準(zhǔn)備 pretend假裝
promise答應(yīng) prove證明 refuse拒絕 resolve決心 seem覺(jué)得好像
swear發(fā)誓 tend往往會(huì) threaten威脅 wish希望 volunteer自愿做
to-infinitive as object
to-infinitive as object
to infinitive 作賓語(yǔ)的用法二
動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式，如：
Please show us how to do that.
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
to infinitive 在以下動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do)
advise建議 allow允許 believe相信 cause導(dǎo)致 challenge挑戰(zhàn)
compel強(qiáng)迫 declare宣布 encourage鼓勵(lì) forbid禁止 force強(qiáng)迫
hire雇傭 induce引誘 instruct指導(dǎo) invite邀請(qǐng) like喜歡
order命令 permit允許 persuade說(shuō)服 remind提醒 request要求
require要求 select挑選 send派遣 suppose認(rèn)為 tell告訴
train訓(xùn)練 urge敦促
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
We believe him to be guilty.
to-infinitive as object
-ing form 和to infinitive在同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
1. 在start，begin，love，like，prefer，hate，intend這些動(dòng)詞后面既可以接-ing form也可以接to infinitive,意義沒(méi)有區(qū)別。
2. 在以下動(dòng)詞后面既可以接-ing form也可以接to infinitive，意義有區(qū)別：
　　　
remember to do 記得去做某事
remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事
forget to do 忘記去做某事
forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事
stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 繼續(xù)做某事（另外一件事）
go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事（同一件事）
regret to do 遺憾地去做某事
regret doing 后悔做過(guò)某事
try to do 盡力去做某事
try doing 嘗試做某事
mean to do 打算去做某事
mean doing 意味著/意思是做某事
can't help to do 不能幫忙做某事
can't help doing 禁不住做某事
1. I can't think of __________(go) to visit her in hospital without _____________(buy) some flowers.
2. The examiner gave the students some time___________(think).
3. The play is programmed ____________ (start) at 7 a.m, so we have decided ___________(meet) at 6:30.
4. I am looking forward to ___________ (see) the film again.
5. I intend ___________ (study) English ___________ (understand) American business methods.
6. She still plans ___________ (marry) him even afte he refused ___________ (buy) her an engagement ring.
7. I can not resist ___________(eat) fish and chips when I am in England.
8. She enjoys ___________(go) to parties and ___________ (dance) in the discos all the night long.
9. I stopped ___________(live) in London when I realized it was time for me ___________ (move).
10. Don't forget ___________(turn) off the heating before ___________(leave) the house.
going
buying
to think
to start
to meet
seeing
to study
to understand
to marry
to buy
eating
going
dancing
living
to turn
to move
leaving
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Activity 2
to live
to use
to swim/swimming
swimming
to learn
practising
playing
Write a report based on the interview with the words in the box.
Activity 3
admit decide enjoy
fail regret want
admit decide enjoy fail regret want
Jamie Wells _____________ the Boy Scouts because he _________ __________ himself as well as meeting new friends. He thought scout camp was fun, but not without its challenges! Each day began with a 5-kilometer cross-country run - at 6 am! At first he _____________ the whole route. On the fourth day, he was so tired that he even didn’t ___________________. Feeling homesick, he _________________ the scout camp and wanted to phone his dad to take him home. But he didn’t give up. Things soon got better. He became stronger and more confident and made new friends. He _____________ a scout had its challenges, but it was worthwhile.
failed to finish
decided to join
enjoyed
want to get out of bed
challenging
regretted attending
admitted being
Work in pairs. Share a story of your own about overcoming challenges using the words and structures in this section where appropriate.
Activity 4
1________ to change your life by starting to be a
better person or stopping a bad habit
2 ________ someone who is extremely enthusiastic
and enjoys working extremely hard
3 ________ to not make any effort
4________very calm and relaxed, especially in a difficult situation
5 ________to do something very slowly because you do not really want to do it
6 ________ someone who refuses to join in, or wants to stop other people having fun
Looking on the bright side
Activity 5
Listen to the conversations and match the expressions to their meanings.
e　
c 　
a 　
f 　
d 　
b　
重新開(kāi)始，改過(guò)自新
工作賣力的人
袖手旁觀
泰然自若
故意拖拉，磨磨蹭蹭
掃興的人
Activity 6
Put the expressions into the boxes. Add any more you can think of.
Positive
Negative
an eager beaver
turn over a new leaf
cool as a cucumber
like a duck to water
...
not lift a finger
a wet blanket
drag one’s feet
a fish out of water
...
Activity 7
Read the passage and answer the questions.
With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. Nevertheless, looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others. A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people. So if someone you know is feeling low, lend them an ear and try to cheer them up. Remember, your attitude is contagious, so make sure you pass on a good one!
1. Why is it important to “l(fā)ook on the bright side”
2. How can our attitude affect others
Because looking on the bright side is a type of good attitude, which can have a positive effect on other people.
Our attitude is likely to spread to and affect others. If we have a good attitude, others will also feel it and be cheered up by it.
Activity 8
Listen to the conversation and number the pictures according to the sequence of events.
1
2
3
4
Activity 9
Listen again and complete the journal entry.
Friday　10 May
Today I came across my friend Dawei. He looked sad, so I asked him what was wrong. He said that he failed in a 1________________________contest. Before the contest, he competed against a girl at school. He won, but he said it was because 2________________. He thought the girl should have gone to 3________________________ instead. If she had, the school would have been 4________________. I tried to make him look on the bright side, and he admitted that he had a good time at the national contest. He met some 5________________ and he liked the city. He also said his parents felt 6_________________. I think I made him feel better.
national English speaking
he was lucky
the national competition
well-known
fantastic people
proud of him
Now act out a conversation between Dawei and Jack, and think about how you would comfort Dawei if you were Jack.
Activity 10
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Are you OK
I don’t mean to be nosy, but are you sure
Why don’t you tell me what’s up
I’m sure you did your best.
You should be proud of yourself.
Why are you so upset
I know this is hard for you, but you should cheer up.
Showing concern 　
Comforting people
Are you OK
I don’t mean to be nosy, but are you sure
Why don’t you tell me what’s up
Why are you so upset
I’m sure you did your best.
You should be proud of yourself.
I know this is hard for you, but you should cheer up.
Activity 11
Work in pairs. Choose one situation and act out a conversation to show concern for people and comfort them. Use the expressions in this section.
1 You ran for Head of the Student Committee but weren’t elected.
2 You feel annoyed because a group member doesn’t want to contribute to your group’s work.
Now think about what language in this section you used to show concern and comfort others.
Review how to use -ing and to-infinitive as object.
Think about what language in this section you used to show concern and comfort others.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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