資源簡介

(共45張PPT)
Unit 5
Learning from nature
Using language
Review: non-finite forms as subject, object and predictive
BY MICHELLE
Grammar
01
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，...
b ...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
c Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
d Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
Look at the “to do” structures in sentences（a）and（b）. Do they serve the same function in each sentence
In sentence（c），is the -ed form used as an adjective or a past participle Why does the author use the -ed form other than the -ing form
What is the function of the -ing form in sentence（d）
No，they don’t. “To explore” in sentence（a）serves as object and “to float” in sentence（b） serves as predicative.
The -ed form is used as an adjective. The author wants to describe the visitors’ feeling，so the -ed form is used.
The -ing form is used as subject.
Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t...
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
Review：non-finite forms as subject，object and predicative
非謂語動詞
非謂語作主語
非謂語作賓語
非謂語作表語
非謂語作定語
非謂語作補足語
非謂語作狀語
不定式to do
動名詞/
現在分詞doing
過去分詞done
學會判斷何時使用非謂語動詞
The girl_____________ (dance) in the classroom now.
The girl___________ (dance) in the classroom now and she looks very confident.
The girl _________（dance) in the classroom now looks very confident.
_________(bear) in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural college in 1953.
總結：
當所給提示詞是動詞時, 若句中已有謂語動詞, 又不是并列謂語時, 則要考慮填非謂語動詞。
is dancing
is dancing
dancing
Born
不定式 動名詞/ 現在分詞 過去分詞
一般式 to do doing done
一般式 被動 to be done being done 無
完成式 to have done having done 無
完成式 被動 to have been done having been done 無
非謂語動詞的所有形式
非謂語動詞作主語
Look at the sentences and answer the questions：
1. To protect the environment is everyone’s duty.
2. It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
3. Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth.
4. It is no use asking me. I know no more than you know.
劃線部分充當的句子成分為： 。
非謂語中可充當其成分的有： 和 。
主語
不定式 to do
動名詞 doing
非謂語動詞作主語
不定式作主語，一般表示具體某一次的動作。常用 it作形式主語。
It is +adj + for sb + to do（側重修飾事）
It is +adj + of sb + to do(側重修飾人)
ing形式作主語表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主語。
It's a waste of time doing...
It's no use/good doing...
It is useless doing...
There is no doing...
Practice
①His (come)late made the teacher very angry.
②It is no use (cry)over spilt milk.
③ (see)is to believe.
④It is important (respect)people.
⑤It is necessary for you (give) up smoking.
coming
crying
To see
to respect
to give
非謂語動詞作賓語
Look at the sentences and answer the questions：
We agreed to meet here but so far she has not turned up yet.
David suggested selling your house and car to pay the debt.
I forgot to close the door.
I forgot writing the letter.
劃線部分充當的句子成分為： 。
非謂語中可充當其成分的有： 和 。
賓語
不定式 to do
動名詞 doing
非謂語動詞作賓語
只能用不定式作賓語的動詞：
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish； refuse，manage，
wait，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help
此外，afford，strive/struggle，happen, threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。
決心學會想希望，拒絕設法等假裝。
主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。
非謂語動詞作賓語
只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞：
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to；excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，設想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape
考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。
避免錯過繼續練，否認完成就欣賞。
禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡。
非謂語動詞作賓語
下列動詞短語后也要用 ing形式作賓語：
look forward to，be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，contribute to , stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand ，give up，feel like，insist on，thank...for，apologize for，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)
It’s time you got down to reading or the other students will leave you behind．
I can't stand sitting and doing nothing.
非謂語動詞作賓語
動詞后面既可以接to do 也可以接doing, 意思不一樣
后接不定式 后接動名詞
regret to do sth.遺憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做過某事
forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘記已做過某事
remember to do sth.記得要去做某事 remember doing sth.記得做過某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味著做某事
try to do sth.努力/企圖去做某事 try doing sth.試著做某事
can't help (to)do sth.不能幫助做某事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
stop to do 停止做原來的事情 stop doing 停下去做另外一件事
go on to do 繼續做另外一件事 go on doing 繼續做同一件事
Practice
①David refused (accept)my invitation.
②I had great difficulty (find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
③Bill suggested (hold)a meeting on what to do during the vacation.
④I had meant (give)you this book today，but I forgot.
⑤Missing this train means (wait) for another hour.
to accept
finding
holding
to give
waiting
非謂語動詞作表語
Look at the sentences and answer questions：
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
My job is teaching.
The news is exciting.
We felt excited.
劃線部分充當的句子成分為： 。
非謂語形式中可充其成分的有：
; ； ； 。
表語
不定式 to do
動名詞 doing
現在分詞 doing
過去分詞 done
非謂語動詞作表語
動詞不定式
表示主語的具體內容，目的（可與主語互換位置）-具體的一次性的動作
現在分詞
形容詞化，說明主語的性質或特征，譯為“令人....”
動名詞
表示抽象性的，習慣性的動作，表示主語的內容（可與主語互換位置）-經常性的一般性的動作
過去分詞
形容詞化，說明主語的狀態或感受，譯為“感到.....”
非謂語動詞作表語
動詞不定式作表語
說明主語內容，具體、特定、未來，主語通常是抽象名詞：
aim/ purpose/ idea/ intention/ plan/ wish/ decision/ choice/need
My real intention is not to hurt her best friend.
My job is to promote the new product.
動名詞作表語
說明主語內容，一般或習慣性的動作
His job is collecting folk songs.
As friends, our duty is caring about each other.
非謂語動詞作表語
現在分詞作表語
說明主語的特征，翻譯為”令人……的”
The spy story was thrilling.
The news is shocking.
過去分詞作表語
說明主語的感受或狀態，翻譯為“感到……的”常跟在以下連系動詞后作表語：be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become
He was thrilled at the suggestion.
The door remained locked.
非謂語動詞作表語
過去分詞作表語
過去分詞作表語和被動語態的區別“be+過去分詞”：
表示狀態時，是系表結構，分詞形容詞化；
表示動詞時，是被動語態，動詞執行者由介詞by引出。
The book is well written.
The book was written by Mo Yan.
Practice
①His work is (sell) cars.
②The purpose of education is (develop)a fine personality in children.
③The next step is (make)sure that you know exactly what is required.
④His ambition is (go)Harvard University.
⑤The novel is (fascinate)
⑥She is (fright) of any animals without feet.
selling
to develop
to make
to go
fascinating
frightened
非謂語動詞作表語
如何判斷是否是表語？除了 be 動詞, 還有哪些系動詞呢？
表語常位于系動詞之后
除了 be 動詞, 其他的系動詞（半系動詞）大致可分為四類：
感官動詞類：look(看起來)，feel(感到、摸上去)，smell(聞起來) ,
taste(嘗起來)，sound(聽起來)
主觀判斷類：seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、好像)，prove(證明是)，
turn out (結果是, 證明是)等
保持不變類：remain(保持), keep(保持), stay(保持)
非謂語動詞作表語
如何判斷是否是表語？除了 be 動詞, 還有哪些系動詞呢？
狀態變化類：
become, get（常用來指人或物的狀態的變化）
turn (變成… +顏色,年齡,時間等）
grow（表成長,發展中的變化，常+ strong, tall, old ,etc.)
go (多指朝壞的方面變化， 常+ wrong, bad, mad, blind etc)
come (表事物的發展轉向好的狀態，常+ true, alive etc.)
fall（表進某種入狀態 常+ ill, sick, silent, asleep etc.)
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Drawing
to recreate / recreating
astonished
to explore
Read the information below and write a paragraph introducing the 24 Solar Terms with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
learn　determine　show　amaze　use
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms…
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms，which were based on observation of changes of seasons，
astronomy and other natural phenomena. Indicating changes in weather conditions，the 24 Solar Terms remain of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices. The first term is known as “ Beginning of Spring”，and marks when days become longer and the temperature begins to increase. Nowadays, the 24 Solar Terms not only apply to farming，but also guide Chinese people in everyday life. So varied are the functions of the Solar Terms and their contributions to cultural identity，that in 2016，they were added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Work in pairs. Talk about one of the Solar Terms using the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
Vocabulary
Building
02
Inspiration from animals
Read the passage about biomimicry and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
What are the types of biomimicry mentioned in the passage What else do you know about them
What other examples of biomimicry can you think of Share them with the class.
One is copying form and shape. Another one is taking inspiration from the abilities of animals.
Many major inventions are derived from the types of biomimicry.
Wind turbines modeling on Humpback whales；Antimicrobial films mimicking sharkskin.
風力渦輪機: 創意來自駝背鯨
模仿鯊魚皮的抗菌薄膜
Complete the information with the words and expressions in Activity 5.
1 taking inspiration from
2 Copying
3 observing
4 inspired by
5 seeking solutions to
Talk about in what other ways we can learn from animals.
Give examples.
Listening&
Speaking
03
Read the passage and answer the questions.
One of the outstanding features of traditional Chinese martial arts is the way they imitate animal movements. This came about because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts，senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild.
The first set of animal-imitating exercises came into being about 2，000 years ago. It was called Wu Qin Xi，or Five-animal Exercises，created by Hua Tuo（ca 145-208）. As a physician during the Han Dynasty，Hua Tuo is often credited with being the first in China to use anesthesia during surgery. He was known as the best physician of his time，and was an expert in acupuncture.
Why were Chinese martial artists inspired by animal movements
What were Hua Tuo’s achievements
Because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts，senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild.
Hua Tuo created Wu Qin Xi. He was the first physician to use anesthesia during surgery in China. He was known as the best physician of his time and he was an expert in acupuncture.
Listen to the conversation about Wu Qin Xi and tick the topics mentioned by the speakers.
Listen again and complete the introduction to Wu Qin Xi.
1 identified with a form of exercise
2 the / their organs to work better
3 does good to
4 the heart to work well
5 deer exercise
6 good for the lung
7 to live to an advanced age
8 more than 90 years of age
9 mental benefits
10 to relax the mind and improve concentration
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Talking about benefits
Showing interest
By…, you learn…
It helps people to…
…is good for…
Really
That’s interesting!
That’s very impressive.
Sounds great!
Work in pairs. Think about other exercises inspired by animals. Discuss how they were created and their benefits，using the words and expressions in this section.
Review non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative.
Think about other exercises inspired by animals. Talk with your friends how they were created and their benefits，using the words and expressions in this section.
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