資源簡介

(共60張PPT)
Unit 3
War and peace
Developing ideas
BY MICHELLE
Reading
01
Lead in
Guess which university it is.
A lot of famous graduates once studied in this university.
Yang Zhenning
Li Zhengdao
Deng Jiaxian
Some prominent professors ever taught in this university.
It was founded by 3 universities (PKU, THU, & NKU) and lasted for only 8 years.
Zhu Ziqing
Qian Zhongshu
Hua Luogeng
Liang Sicheng
Lianda
National Southwest Associated University
Pre-reading
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
What kind of university do you think it is What do you know about it
How is it different from today’s universities
What kind of university do you think it is What do you know about it
How is it different from today’s universities
As I know, it is a university that came into being under extremely poor conditions during the War of Resistance against Japan. I also learn that it produced many of China’s most outstanding scientists and intellectuals.
Not like today’s most universities, Lianda was made up of three established universities — that’s how it got its name.
Prediction
What aspects of Lianda will be mentioned
The reason of setting up Lianda.
The famous professors and talented students.
The development of Lianda.
The contributions of Lianda.
The everlasting spirits of Lianda.
√
√
√
√
Now read the passage and find out what is so special about Lianda.
While-reading
Read for structure
Para.___
Para.___
Para.___
1-2
3-5
6-7
To introduce the topic --- the establishment of Lianda.
To give more information about Lianda
( hardships, academic achievements and contributions).
To stress the everlasting spirit of Lianda.
establishment of Lianda
information about Lianda
spirit of Lianda
Lianda
Read for general idea
Choose the ideas that are conveyed in the passage. Find evidence to support your choices.
1. Lianda was the best university in Chinese history.
2. The story of Lianda shows Chinese intellectuals’ academic pursuit and
patriotism.
3. Only under difficult circumstances can students succeed.
4. Lianda has nurtured many outstanding scholars.
5. Lianda was a great success only because it had prominent professors
and talented students.
6. People today still admire the spirit of Lianda.
Read for details
Part 1：The establishment of Lianda
What’s the definition of “war”
For most of the great thinkers, their academic struggles have often been romantically referred as being like “war”, which has been purely symbolic.
Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges.
Part 1：The establishment of Lianda
Time Universities Reason
In 1937
Peking University, Tsinghua
University, Nankai Universiy
To save their educational and
Intellectual heritage
Lianda:
National
Southwestern
Associated
University
Part 2：Information about Lianda
hardships
What difficulties did the professors and students encounter？
What made the nations intellectual heritage not only Guarded but also fortified？
What kind of spirit drove students to join the army to resist
the Japanese invaders
academic achievements
contributions
hardships
journey
conditions
life and study
an epic journey
more than 2000 kilometres
most of them on foot
“中國教育史上最偉大的長征”
live in rough buildings
dire shortages of food, books, and equipment
classes were frequently disrupted
a strong spirit of perseverance
academic achievements
2 are nobel prize winners
5 are our national science and technology award winners
8 are the key persons of the “Two bombs. One satellite” project
9 are party and state leaders
More than 100 became famous teachers and masters and a large number of them are world renowned pillars
passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda
contributions
A great many students at Lianda joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.
a sense of commitment / dedication
許先生從事文學翻譯工作長達六十多年，在國內外出版中、英、法文著譯數本，包括《詩經》《楚辭》《李白詩選》《西廂記》《紅與黑》《包法利夫人》《追憶似水年華》等中外名著，被譽為“詩譯英法唯一人”。
查良錚是穆旦先生的本名，于1940畢業于西南聯大外文系。他有個叔伯兄弟叫查良鏞，也就是大名鼎鼎的武俠小說家金庸。
作為詩人的穆旦現在被推為現代詩歌第一人，一首《哀國難》驚醒了無數同胞。
從 1954 年開始，他用業余時間進行詩歌翻譯工作并署名查良錚，翻譯了普希金、濟慈、雪萊等詩人經典作品，并被認為是“迄今為止中國詩歌翻譯史成就最大的一人”。
Zha Liangzheng
查良錚
Xu Yuanchong
許淵沖
SOFTLY, ON THE HILLSIDE FORGOTEN BY ALL,
A MISTY RAIN FALLS IN A GENTLE BREEZE;
THERE IS NO TRACE OF THE FOOTPRINTS OF HISTOY;
WHERE BRAVE SOULS ONCE STOOD, BREATHING NEW LIFE INTO THE TREES.
Read the poem with emotion.
What is your understanding of the poem written by Zha Liangzheng
Part 3：The spirit of Lianda
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
The 80th anniversary of its founding
Deep thinking
The Spirit of Lianda
a sense of commitment
passion and belief of the worthy academic
a strong spirit of peserverance
never give up
hard-working
The love of CPC and motherland
(愛黨愛國)
down-to-earth
As a teenager, how can you apply the spirit of Lianda into your study and life
Similes and metaphors are two commonly used，but easy to confuse，figures of speech. Similes compare and show similarities in typically different things. Similes usually use connecting words such as like ，as ，so and resemble . For example，He is as cool as a cucumber . Unlike similes，metaphors make direct comparisons without using connecting words. For example，She has a heart of a lion .
Here are some examples of similes and metaphors:
Life is like a box of chocolates.
My life is an open book.
That baby is as cute as a button!
Baby, you’re a firework.
Simile
Metaphor
Simile
Metaphor
1 Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, …
2 They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.
Find out what figures of speech are used in the sentences and discuss how they help to express the author’s emotions.
Metaphor is used in this sentence. It helps to describe how difficult it was for professors and students in the three universities to make the journey.
Simile is used in this sentence. It helps to express the hardships and challenges that they went through.
Post-reading
What difficulties did the professors and students of Lianda encounter How did they deal with these
They had to travel a long distance to reach Lianda. Throughout the journey, they had no accommodation and had to survive extreme conditions. Also, the conditions in Lianda itself were very harsh. They did not have enough food and studied in rough buildings. Furthermore, their study was often interrupted by air attacks. They had to adapt to these challenges, for instance, by holding their classes when they were not likely to be bombed.
What contribution did Lianda make to the education of the nation
In what ways is the theme of war and peace presented differently in the two reading passages in this unit
Many of China’s leading scholars and scientists came from Lianda, including two Nobel Prize winners. Lianda’s spirit has become the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
The passage on the D-Day landings focuses on war as a military operation, and on how dead soldiers are memorialised. The passage on Lianda focuses on how war affected China’s students and academics, and how they were able to achieve excellence in spite of the great difficulties.
Give a talk about the spirit of Lianda.
1 Discuss the questions below.
How can you describe the spirit of Lianda
What examples support your ideas
What can you learn from the story of Lianda
Strong，persistent，determined and outstanding.
Despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges，they never gave up their dreams. Many of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda.
From the story，we can learn to face difficulties bravely and pursue the truth persistently.
2 Complete the diagram with your ideas and the examples that support them.
Give your talk to the class.
Throughout history，the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”. 縱觀歷史，世界上偉大的思想家們常常以一種浪漫的說法把他們的學術之爭比喻為“戰爭”。
academic adj. 學術的；學業的
an academic career 學術生涯
academic subjects/qualifications學科 / 學術資歷
the start of the new academic year 新學年的開始
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do
his academic research. 不會使用電腦使他的學術研究更加困難。
【單詞積累】
academy n. 研究院；學會；專科學院
單句語法填空
（1）Perhaps you are not __________ academic person but you see the same kind of attitude in other areas.
完成句子
（2）The students return in September for the start of ____________________________ （新學年）.
（3）He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his ________________________（學術背景）.
an
the new academic year
academic background
Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky，often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. 他們以塵土飛揚的道路為床，以開闊的、經常被日軍的炸彈照亮的天空為屋頂。
light up 照亮；變得明亮；（使）流露出喜悅/ 興奮
【注意】
（ 1）light 的過去式或過去分詞有兩種形式 lighted 或 lit，但在通常情況下lit 比lighted 用得更多。
（ 2）若轉化成形容詞，作表語時常用 lit，而作定語時常用 lighted。
The match is lit. 火柴點燃了。
He was holding a lighted match. 他手里拿著根點燃的火柴。
單句語法填空
（1）There was an explosion and the whole sky_______________（light） up.
（2）As the screen lit __________，he typed in his password.
（3）Lily was frightened，with the ____________（light） match in her hand.
完成句子
（4）She drew back the curtain，and a brilliant sun__________（照亮） their rooms.
（5）看到禮物的時候羅茜滿臉興奮。
Rosie’s whole face ____________with excitement when she saw the presents.
lit/lighted　
up
lighted
lit up
lit up
It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda... 難怪即使不是大多數，但也有許多中國領先的學者和科學家都是聯大出身……
emerge v. 出現
The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮從云層后露了出來。
She finally emerged from her room at noon.中午，她終于從屋里出來了。
We emerged into bright sunlight. 我們來到明媚的陽光下。
【單詞積累】
emergence n. 出現；顯現
emergency n. 緊急情況，不測事件
in an emergency 在緊急情況下
in case of emergency 萬一遇到緊急情況
單句語法填空
（1）She was worrying about him when he___________（emerge） from the lake.
（2）In case of __________（emerge），press the button and break the glass.
（3）We tend to overlook some significant events that emerged _______ the net until months later.
（4）Language emerges and develops with the_____________（emerge） and development of society.
emerged
emergency
from
emergence
It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda... 難怪即使不是大多數，但也有許多中國領先的學者和科學家都是聯大出身……
It is no wonder (that)... ……不足為奇，難怪……
【歸納拓展】
No wonder（that）...=It is no wonder that... 難怪……
It is a wonder（that）... 令人驚奇的是……
No wonder that she misunderstood him. His spoken English is poor.
It’s a wonder that no one got hurt in the accident.
單句語法填空
（1）_________was no wonder Lucy was so upset. She failed maths.
（2）It is no wonder ___________ many retired people are escaping from crowded cities.
完成句子
（3）He is the cleverest and works hardest.
_________________________________________（難怪）he is always getting first place in his class.
（4）__________________（令人驚奇的是） he could finish such a hard task in such a short time.
It　
that　
It is no wonder（that）/No wonder（that）
It is a wonder that
On windy days，we had to hold down the paper on the desk...在刮風的日子里，我們不得不把紙按在桌子上……
hold down 控制住，固定住；抑制（價格等）的上升；保住（工作、職位）
It took three men to hold him down.
The rate of inflation must be held down.
He was unable to hold down a job after his breakdown.
【歸納拓展】
hold on 等會兒；別掛斷電話；堅持下去　　
hold on to 守住，保住；緊緊抓住　　
hold back 阻擋；控制；隱瞞
hold out 伸出（手）；維持，堅持　　
hold up 舉起，支撐；耽擱，阻礙
hold together（使）團結，（使）不分裂
單句語法填空
（1）A strong wind blew and he immediately held ________ the book in front of him.
（2）The method helps hold _________ the prices of imports，for such things as oil and food.
（3）I will hold on _______ my dream and never give it up.
（4）No one can hold ________ the wheel of history.
（5）I’d thought I could hold ________till my dentist came back from holiday，but the pain
was really unbearable.
（6）The roof is held ________ by wood.
down
down
to
back
out
up
In 2017，representatives from Peking University...gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. 2017 年，北京大學……的代表們齊聚一堂，共同紀念聯大建校80 周年。
representative n. 代表　adj. 典型的；有代表性的
搭配：be representative of 代表……的
a representative of the UN 聯合國代表
a union representative 工會代表
【單詞積累】
represent v. 代表；表示，象征；描繪，展示
單句語法填空
（1）Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly________________ （represent） of the population as a whole
（2）He is the ideal person ______________（represent）our class.
完成句子
（3）Do remember that you are the people’s　 _____________________（選出的代表）and you ____________________________（代表） the people.
representative
to represent
elected representative
represent/are representative of
Writing
02
Writing about a war hero
Watch the video, and tell what a war hero is.
A war hero is a person who is admired for bravery in war.
Read the introduction to Yang Jingyu and answer the questions.
Yang Jingyu，an anti-Japanese hero，was born in Henan Province in 1905. He joined the Communist Party of China（CPC）in 1927. In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In 1938，the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. In early 1940，facing a critical lack of supplies，Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups，but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. After these men were killed，Yang fought on alone for five days. He was eventually tracked down on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops. He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before dying in a hail of machine gunfire. When the Japanese cut open his body，they discovered only tree bark，cotton and grass roots，but not a single grain of rice in his stomach.
Yang’s death was a huge blow to his loyal troops，but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders. After the People’s Republic of China（PRC）was established，Yang was reburied with full military honours，in Tonghua，Jilin Province.
Who was Yang Jingyu
Why did Yang decide to let small groups of his men break through the encirclement
What did the Japanese find when they killed Yang
How would you describe Yang’s spirit in your own words
Yang Jingyu was an anti-Japanese hero, who died in a fight against Japanese troops.
Because at that time there was a critical lack of supplies.
They found only tree bark, cotton and grass roots, instead of rice in his stomach.
Yang Jingyu’s heroic spirit of killing himself rather than surrender moves us most. He never yielded to the aggressors and fought to the death. In order to safeguard national dignity， Yang Jingyu led his troops to fight bloody battles，setting an example to the Chinese people to fight the enemy with loyalty and courage，and showing the Chinese people’s heroic spirit of not fearing violence and resolute determination to save the country in front of Japanese invaders.
The structure of the passage
A war hero
Major events about
Yang Jingyu
A brief introduction
to Yang Jingyu
People’s opinions of
Yang Jingyu
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
Talk about other war heroes and choose one to write about. Organise your ideas by completing the notes below. Do more research if necessary.
Writing about a war hero
此類作文是記敘文的一種，以人物為中心組織材料，圍繞人物來寫。
第一段中應簡要進行人物介紹，包括人物基本信息；第二段應進一步描述人物性格特點、主要事件，說明此人值得尊敬/愛戴/學習的地方。文章結尾還應說明人們對該人物的印象或評價。
寫此類文章之前先列出文中要提到的人物的主要信息，以及備用的描述性詞語。人物描寫重在描述，描述時應準確生動、詳略得當、層次分明、主體完整。
1. 確定文體：以人物描寫為主，可輔以敘述和評論。
2. 主體時態：文章以一般過去時或一般現在時為主。
3. 主體人稱：第三人稱。
4. 內容要點：①人物簡介；②人物事跡；③人物成就；④人物評價及其他。
5. 可有選擇性地對人物進行肖像描寫、語言描寫、動作描寫、心理描寫或神態描寫等等。
【注意事項】
此類短文雖屬于描述性寫作范疇，但寫作內容涉及描寫、敘述和議論等多個方面，在寫此類英語短文時應注意以下兩點：
1. 介紹人物基本信息。正如本題題目所要求，文章宜開門見山，對所描寫的人物進行總體介紹。文中還應遵循一定的時間和邏輯順序來介紹人物的主要事跡。盡管人物描寫可以從外貌、心理、行動等多方面展開，但“以事寫人”依然是此類短文寫作中應遵循的基本思路。
2. 主題鮮明，重點突出。在人物描寫（characterization）中，具體生動的描寫能夠“再現”人物的性格特點和思想感情，使得讀者印象深刻，甚至如見其人。這就要求寫作時精挑細選、合理編排，圍繞主線選取人物的典型事跡和代表性話語等等，在有限的篇幅內進行重點描寫，實現效果的最大化。
背景：
... was born in / into a poor / rich family in ..., when ... was young, spent one’s childhood in ...
外貌：
beautiful, pretty, good-looking, ordinary-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin
品質和個性：
kind, determined, gentle, considerate, optimistic, easy-going, warm-hearted, hard-working, responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous
愛好：
be good at, have a gift for, be interested in, be fond of, be crazy about
教育背景：
graduated from, got a ... degree, majored in, studied hard at, took an active part in class
經歷和事跡：
devote oneself to do sth., with great determination and perseverance, fight for, make up one’s mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, try one’s best to do sth.
評價：
one of the best, most important, set a good example to, ... is the pride of ..., make great contributions to, be regarded as
Dong Cunrui was born into a poor peasant family in Huailai County, He Bei Province on 15 October 1929. In 1945 he joined the Eighth Route Army and in March 1947 he joined the Communist Party of China.
On 25 May 1948, the battle for the liberation of Longhua began, and the soldiers of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) flooded towards Longhua Middle School, the Headquarters of the enemy.
Six jets of fire from a bridge blocked the path of the PLA troops. The bridge was a fortress built by the enemy, and the PLA troops were stuck under a small slope.
At the critical moment, they needed a soldier to blow up the bridge and open a new road for the whole army. “Captain, let me blow it up!” Dong Cunrui said, and his request was granted. Under the cover of another soldier, he rushed to the bridge, but could not find a place to put the explosives. Dong Cunrui then lifted the explosives in his left hand, lit the blasting fuse and blew up the enemy’s fortress. In doing so, he died a hero.
The story of Dong Cunrui, who gave his life to create a way forward, has been told all over China until today, and has inspired thousands of young people to make sacrifices in defence of our country’s and people’s interests.
Presenting
ideas
03
Work in groups. Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What can you see in each picture
In picture one，a distressed child is crying in front of a destroyed building.
In picture two，a dead or injured soldier is carried away by his comrades.
In picture three，there are many graves of the dead.
2 What do the pictures tell you about war
The pictures tell us the brutal nature of war.
Think about the topics and complete the table. Add examples or details to support your points. Do more research if necessary.
Why people go to war
Effects of war on people
How we can maintain peace around the world
To protect their country.
Deaths and injuries.
Solve problems peacefully.
Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. Consider the following：
1 the structure of your presentation
2 useful words，expressions and structures
Give your presentation to the class.
Write a short passage about the spirit of Linda with 100 words.
Write an introduction to the war hero you chose.
Make improvements to each other’s writings and share them with the class.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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