資源簡介

(共42張PPT)
Unit 2
A life's work
Using language
Predicative clauses
BY MICHELLE
Grammar
01
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a This is what makes them so special.
b A simple restaurant was where he usually had the
same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
What form does the predicative take in sentences (a) and (b)
The predicative in sentences (a) and (b) takes the form of a clause.
Why is “what” used in sentence (a) and “where” used in sentence (b)
“What” is used in sentence (a) because it acts as the subject of “makes” in
the predicative clause. “where” is used in sentence (b) because it acts as the
adverbial in the predicative clause.
What other words do you know that can lead a predicative clause
Other words are who, when, how, why, etc.
Now look for more sentences with predicative clauses in the reading passage，and summarise their uses in your own words.
More sentences with predicative clauses in the reading passage：
This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.
Bill Cunningham was an observer... and this was how he wanted it.
Predicative clauses 表語從句
Read and Analyze
That he did not come to speak with you was what surprised me most.
What surprised me most was that he did not come to speak with you.
主語（從句）
subject
連系動詞
linking verb
表語（從句）
predicative
The definition of predicative clause.
The question is who will do it.
The question is difficult.
在復合句中充當表語的從句叫表語從句。位于主句的系動詞之后，對主語進行解釋、說明，使主語的內容具體化。表語從句必須用陳述語序。
（ 表 ）
（ 表 ）
表語從句
The structure of predicative clause.
主語 + 系動詞 + 引導詞 + 簡單句
This is why he did it.
What I want to say is that I am tired.
表語從句
Conjunction words 引導詞
連接詞
從屬連詞: that, whether, as if, as though, because …
連接副詞: when, where, how, why
（在從句中不作成分）
（在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語）
（在從句中作狀語）
連接代詞: what, who, whom, whose, which, …+ever
表語從句引導詞的選擇
The fact is _____ inevitably she took out her frustrations on her son.
that不做成分,沒有意義，連接作用，不能省略
從屬連詞： that、whether (不能用if)、as if/though、because
that
The question is ___________ they could handle the problem.
whether
whether不做成分,但有意義，表“是否”
表語從句引導詞的選擇
He looked ________ he had seen a ghost.
與事實不符，表示對過去的虛擬，用過去完成式
從屬連詞： that、whether (不能用if)、as if/though、because
as if
Dark clouds are gathering. It seems ________ it is going to rain.
as if
與事實相符，用正常的陳述語氣
表語從句引導詞的選擇
He felt frustrated. That's __________he failed in the exam.
because 不做成分,但有意義，表“因為”
從屬連詞： that、whether (不能用if)、as if/though、because
because
表語從句引導詞的選擇
that在從句中不做成分，也沒有實際意義，但不可省略；whether也不能省略，意思為：是否。as if / though，在句子中不充當任何成分，但有意義。譯為：似乎，好像。
1. My belief is ______________I will succeed by working hard.
2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________one can be
entirely free from dust.
3. The problem is ______________we can find them there.
4. It sounds _________________someone is knocking at the door.
that
as if/though
whether
從屬連詞： that、whether (不能用if)、as if/though、because
that
表語從句引導詞的選擇
連接代詞: what, who, whom, whose, which, …+ever
What makes us curious is ______ led to EDG's achieving fame.
做成分（主語），有意義，不能省略
what
This is ______ my mother has taught me --- to face my fault bravely.
what
做成分（賓語），有意義，不能省略
表語從句引導詞的選擇
連接代詞: what, who, whom, whose, which, …+ever
The question is ______ was suspected of stealing the money.
做成分（主語），有意義，不能省略
who
The most important thing is ________ telescope can find the suitable planet to live in.
whose
做成分（定語），有意義，不能省略
表語從句引導詞的選擇
連接代詞: what, who, whom, whose, which, …+ever
who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。
1. You can be __________ you want to be.
2. The question is ____________ caused the accident.
3. The most important thing is ____________ responsibility it is.
whoever
whose
what
表語從句引導詞的選擇
連接副詞: when, where, how, why
What the authority wants to know is _______ the fire broke out.
做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略
when
That is ________ the jet took off.
where
做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略
表語從句引導詞的選擇
連接副詞: when, where, how, why
The question is ______ she can transform her son into a strong-willed boy.
做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略
how
He failed in the exam. That's _______ he felt frustrated.
why
做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略
表語從句引導詞的選擇
when、where、why、how引導表語從句，在從句中作狀語，表示時間、地點、原因、方式。
1. This is ____________I don't agree with you.
這就是我不同意你的地方。
2. The question is __________we can get in touch with him.
問題是我們怎樣才能和他聯系上。
3. That is _________ I got wet through.
那就是為什么我被淋濕了。
where
why
how
連接副詞: when, where, how, why
表語從句和其他從句一樣都用陳述語序：連詞+主語+謂語（連主謂）。
One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
that引導表語從句時, 在句中只起連接作用, 不充當句子成分, 無實際意義, 不能省略。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
表語從句的引導詞沒有if !
只用whether ,不用if的情況
whether to do
whether……or not
介詞后的賓語從句。（介詞后不用if)
從句：句首的主語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句。(if不能位于句首）
表語從句的虛擬語氣
1)在表示“一堅持（insist)二命令(order, command)三建議(advise, suggest, propose) 四要求(ask, require, request, demand)”的名詞 advice, suggestion, request, proposal,idea 等后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”，should可省略
My proposal is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
My advice is that we (should) get there by train.
表語從句的虛擬語氣
2)as if/as though 引導的表語從句常跟在look, seem, sound, feel等后面
語氣： 若表示真實情況，用陳述語氣。
若表示非真實情況，用虛擬語氣。
若跟現在事實不符：過去式（be動詞用were）
若跟過去事實不符：had done
若跟將來事實不符：would/could+動詞原形
Summary
表語從句的結構
主語 + 系動詞 + 引導詞 + 簡單句
引導詞
｛
從屬連詞：that,whether,as,as if/though,because
連接代詞：who,what,which,whom,whose...+ever
連接副詞：when,where,how,why,...+ever
注意點
if 不引導表語從句。
表語從句的虛擬語氣。
語序: 連主謂。
that引導表語從句時不能省略。
表語從句
Listen to the story of Ruth Bancroft and complete the sentences with predicative clauses. Listen again if necessary.
Ruth Bancroft was the creator of the Ruth Bancroft Garden in Walnut Creek, California. Bancroft was born in Brockton to Swedish parents, who relocated when she was a baby. As a child, she loved to explore the Californian flora, and establishing a garden grew out of her own personal interest in plants and wildflowers. Her garden was the first to be preserved by The Garden Conservancy, and has been welcoming visitors since 1992. Bancroft lived to the incredible age of 109.
1. One reason why the garden is unique is
______________________________________________________________.
2. Another reason for its uniqueness is
______________________________________________________________.
3. The drought-resistant plants with thick, fleshy leaves became
______________________________________________________________.
4. Although Walnut Creek was not ________________________, Ruth managed to grow them by much trial and error.
5. It seemed ____________________________________________________.
that it comprises an array of plants adapted to dry conditions
that it is the life’s work of only one woman：Ruth Bancroft
what she was most interested in
where they grew naturally
as though nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work
Rewrite the underlined sentences using predicative clauses.
Mei Lanfang（1894—1961）
Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Peking and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894. At the age of eight，he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis. When he was 17， he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high. Every day Mei watched them as they flew，which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art. His hard work and dedication made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.
Mei was also an innovator. In addition to new stage designs and singing styles，his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of
female characters. This contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.
Until he passed away in 1961，Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. This lifelong devotion has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.
The age of eight was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.
Watching the pigeons as they flew every day was how he developed the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art.
His hard work and dedication were what made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.
His innovations in make-up and costume design, which allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters, were what contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.
This lifelong devotion was what has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.
Think of another artist and write about their devotion to their art. Use predicative clauses where appropriate.
Xu Beihong was one of the most influential art educators and painters in the 20th century. One of his contributions is that he insisted on the innovation and improvement of Chinese painting all his life. His realistic painting theory is what influenced a new generation of painters most.
Listening&
Speaking
02
The spirit of craftsmanship
Listen to the radio programme and choose its purpose.
1　To introduce famous traditional crafts to the audience.
2　To raise the audience’s awareness of preserving traditional crafts.
3　To replace traditional crafts with modern technology.
4　To tell the stories of some famous craftworkers.
Listen again and complete the table.
Basket making with oak
The demand for these crafts
mass-produced with modern technology
the materials involved
not interested in learning traditional skills
Now work in pairs. Talk about how to keep traditional crafts from dying out.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the radio programme.
What do you know about...
Did you know that...
One reason is simply that...
Another factor is that...
Giving reasons
Checking knowledge
One reason is simply that...
Another factor is that...
What do you know about...
Did you know that...
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Traditional crafts have long been disappearing from countries
across the world. With many crafts having been，or about
to be， lost forever，people have realised the importance of
preserving those that remain. In fact，after a long period of
decline，traditional crafts have recently undergone a renaissance.
There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，
as well as a desire for high-quality products. Such objects are produced through a combination of skill，respect for materials，devotion to tradition，and focus on the task. Craftsmanship speaks to the human need for skilled and socially useful work；the sort of work that can be admired and valued by society.
What is currently happening to traditional crafts
Why are people starting to engage more with traditional crafts
Traditional crafts have recently undergone a renaissance.
People are starting to engage more with traditional crafts because there is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，as well as a desire for high-quality products. Furthermore，craftsmanship reflects people’s desire for skilled and socially useful work.
Vocabulary
Building
03
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
In October 1964，China exploded its first atomic bomb，marking a successful
start of the“two bombs，one satellite”project，in which more than 17，000
scientists and researchers participated. Of those，23 were awarded for their
extraordinary contributions.
One of the 23 scientists was Deng Jiaxian，who was among the founders of China’s nuclear programme. After coming back from the US，Deng devoted himself whole-heartedly to the development of the “two bombs”. Spending years apart from his family and enduring the extreme conditions of the Gobi desert，he refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on conducting scientific research. After the successful development of the atomic bomb，he worked closely with Yu Min，another leading scientist at the cutting edge of nuclear technology. Together，they thought outside the box and broke new ground，leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb. This was a remarkable achievement by the Chinese team of scientists，in such a short space of time.
Another respected scientist among the 23 award-winners was Qian Xuesen，
who was experienced in rocketry and highly accomplished in his field. He
had been working in the United States，where his crack hand at jet
propulsion had won him acclaim . However，he sought no fame and shunned the spotlight，returning to China with great resolution. He played a key role in China’s missile and aviation programmes，helping fast-track the development by decades.
The 23 scientists and many more like them overcame harsh conditions and
dedicated much of their lives to their work. Their expertise in science，
perseverance，integrity and innovation have inspired generations of
scientific researchers to work towards a more powerful and prosperous China.
What were the 23 scientists honoured for
What challenges did they meet How did they overcome them
They were honoured for their extraordinary contributions to the “two bombs，one satellite” project.
They endured extreme conditions and being apart from their families for years.
To overcome these challenges，they focused on their responsibilities and dedicated much of their lives to their work.
Put the expressions that show different qualities in Activity 9 into the boxes. Add any more you can think of.
Perseverance
Integrity
Innovation
Expertise
refused to back down
kept on
with great resolution
dedicated much of their lives to
sought no fame
shunned the spotlight
thought outside the box
broke new ground
leading to the breakthrough of
was experienced in
highly accomplished
his crack hand at
won him acclaim
Work in pairs. Talk about other people who show the spirit of craftsmanship using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
Review predicative clauses.
Write a short passage about someone who shows the spirit of craftsmanship using the words and expressions you’ve learnt.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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