資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共28張PPT)
Unit 2
Improving
yourself
Using language
Past perfect passive
BY MICHELLE
01
Past perfect passive
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) is from the reading passage.
a　At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
b　At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards
What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)
Why does the author choose to use a passive form instead of an active form
The students were persuaded before the detox started.
They differ in voice. The passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b).
Maybe the author doesn’t know who had persuaded students to stop using social media, or it is unnecessary to say who the persuaders were.
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect passive in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
Past perfect passive
過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
① 基本含義
② 基本結(jié)構(gòu)
③ 基本用法
過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
The pen had been broken by the boy before it was found.
The task had been completed before noon yesterday.
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者
2. 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者
基本含義
過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式,主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者。使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要因?yàn)閮煞N情況：
1. 肯定句：__________________________
2. 否定句：__________________________
3. 疑問句：___________________________
_____________________________
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.
主語＋had been done＋其他.
The movie hadn't been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema.
主語＋had not been done＋其他.
Had＋主語＋been done＋其他
疑問詞＋had＋主語＋been done＋其他
Had the movie been on for half an hour when you got to the cinema
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
基本用法
By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
By the end of last year, 120 bridges had been built.
1. 當(dāng)before, when, by the time, until 等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的謂語是一般過去式，以及by, before后接過去的時(shí)間時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作或過去的時(shí)間之前且表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，若表示動(dòng)作已被做完時(shí)，用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
They said the production costs had been reduced.
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
基本用法
基本用法
3. 在 “It was the first / second / third … time that …”句型中，that從句中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
It was the first time that the painting had been displayed to the public.
It was the second time that his bike had been stolen.
基本用法
4.根據(jù)語意可以判斷動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
He did what he had been told to.
1
2
3
肯定句
否定句
疑問句
1
2
3
4
當(dāng)before, when, by the time, until 等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語以及by, before后接過去的時(shí)間時(shí);
在 told, said,
knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中;
在 “It was the first / second / third … time that …”句型中;
根據(jù)語意可以判斷出動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2
1
強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者
不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出
基本
結(jié)構(gòu)
基本
用法
過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
使用
情況
Complete Jack’s blog post with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
had been met
doing
had been cleaned
had been put
had been left
avoiding
to make
Work in pairs. Describe the pictures using the past perfect passive.
Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week. This is what his room looked like yesterday morning.
The floor was clean. The sheet was laid flat on the bed. All the books and clothes were placed neatly and tidily. The pictures on the wall were straight.
Work in pairs. Describe the pictures using the past perfect passive.
But two weeks ago, Jack's room was like this:...
Jack's room had been an awful mess. His clothes had been thrown everywhere; the pictures had not been hung straight; and all the drawers had been opened. It had been a very disorderly sort of room, with books and papers lying around everywhere.
Work in pairs. Talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of your own. Use the past perfect passive where appropriate.
02
Improving
behaviour
Match the sentences to the signs. Pay attention to the
words and expressions in bold.
□1 Do not litter.
□2 Do not talk loudly in public.
□3 Do not spit in public.
□4 Do not walk on the grass.
□5 Do not smoke.
□6 Do not take photos.
a
b
e
f
c
d
Complete the conversations with the correct form of the words and expressions.
1. A: What do you do when people _________________
B: I put my headphones on. I don’t want to hear other people’s
conversations.
2. A: How can we stop people _____________________
B: We should tell them it’s dirty and it can spread diseases.
3. A: What would you do if you saw people ________
B: I would go up to them and ask them to put the litter into a rubbish bin.
talk loudly in public
(from) spitting in public
littering
Complete the conversations with the correct form of the words and expressions.
4. A: How can we prevent people from ____________________
B: If we keep the grass looking really neat, maybe people will realise
they shouldn’t walk on it.
5. A: What would you do if you saw someone ________ where it’s not
allowed
B: I’d politely remind them it’s not permitted, and that they should be
considerate of others.
6. A: What would you do if you saw someone ___________ in a museum
B: I’d ask them to stop, because it can damage the exhibits.
walking on the grass
smoking
taking photos
Think of more types of inappropriate behaviour and talk about what you think is the right thing to do when faced with them.
Listen to the interview and choose a topic for it.
1. How to promote values education.
2. How to inspire students to work hard.
3. How to introduce school programmes.
4. How to fairly distribute books and umbrellas.
Listen again and complete the newspaper report.
A school in our city came up with an innovative programme to promote the traditional value of 1__________. School principal Ms Wu gave several examples of how the programme works.
To begin with, the school introduced an activity called the “unsupervised examination” for some of the classes. That means during this examination, there is no teacher 2_________________________. Before taking this examination, students first need to 3_________________________. Students generally expressed that it’s good to feel 4__________ and they quite enjoyed 5_____________________ in the examination. In turn, they developed 6________________.
The school also introduced what is called the 7“_______________”. Printed on each umbrella was a short statement about 8_______________________. At the end of the term, all the umbrellas were returned 9_____________. None of them had been lost or damaged.
Now Ms Wu and her colleagues plan to introduce the programme to 10_________________________. Everyone needs to work together to build a culture of honesty. They hope more teachers and students will get involved .
honesty
present to oversee the students
sign a letter of commitment
trusted
the relaxed atmosphere
greater self-control
honesty umbrella
honesty and other values
in one piece
another branch of the school
Now work in pairs. Talk about the significance of promoting values education in schools.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
Clarifying what you mean Giving examples
I can give a couple of examples.
That is …
Let me clarify …
For instance, …
I mean …
Take … as an illustration.
To put it another way, …
That is …
Let me clarify …
I mean …
To put it another way, …
For instance …
Take … as an illustration.
I can give a couple of examples.
Work in groups. Discuss how to promote values education at your school using the words and expressions in this section.
Review the past perfect passive.
Write down your ideas about how to promote values education at your school using the words and expressions in this section.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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