資源簡介

Unit 5
Into the unknown
Developing ideas
BY MICHELLE
Reading
01
Look at the picture and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
Lead in
What different zones are there in the ocean?
Which parts of the ocean do you think have been explored?
What do you know about the deepest part of the ocean?
200 m
1000 m
4000 m
6000 m
0 m
≈20℃
5-10℃
0-4℃
<0℃
Epipelagic Zone - The surface layer of the ocean is known as the epipelagic zone and extends from the surface to 200 metres (656 feet). It is also known as the sunlight zone because this is where most of the visible light exists. With the light comes heat. This heat is responsible for the wide range of temperatures that occur in this zone.
Mesopelagic Zone - Below the epipelagic zone is the mesopelagic zone, extending from 200 metres (656 feet) to 1,000 metres (3,281 feet). The mesopelagic zone is sometimes referred to as the twilight zone or the midwater zone. The light that penetrates to this depth is extremely faint. It is in this zone that we begin to see the twinkling lights of bioluminescent creatures. A great diversity of strange and bizarre fishes can be found here.
Bthypelagic Zone - The
next layer is called the
bathypelagic zone. It is
sometimes referred to as
the midnight zone or the dark zone. This zone extends from 1,000 metres (3,281 feet) down to 4,000 metres (13,124 feet). Here the only visible light is that produced by the creatures themselves. The water pressure at this depth is immense, reaching 5,850 pounds per square inch. In spite of the pressure, a surprisingly large number of creatures can be found here. Sperm whales can dive down to this level in search of food. Most of the animals that live at these depths are black or red in color due to the lack of light.
Abyssopelagic Zone - The next
layer is called the abyssopelagic zone,
also known as the abyssal zone or
simply as the abyss. It extends from 4,000 metres (13,124 feet) to 6,000 metres (19,686 feet). The name comes from a Greek word meaning “no bottom”. The water temperature is near freezing, and there is no light at all. Very few creatures can be found at these crushing depths. Most of these are invertebrates such as basket stars and tiny squids. Three-quarters of the ocean floor lies within this zone. The deepest fish ever discovered was found in the Puerto Rico Trench(海溝) at a depth of 27,460 feet (8,372 metres).
What different zones are there in the ocean?
Which parts of the ocean do you think have been explored?
What do you know about the deepest part of the ocean?
The different zones in the ocean are Sunlight Zone, Twilight Zone, Midnight Zone and Abyssal Zone.
Sunlight Zone, Twilight Zone.
The deepest part of the ocean is Abyssal Zone. It is an area where the water depth is about 2,000–5,000 metres. The trench can be lowered to 6,000 metres. These very deep areas are sometimes called “Super-abyssal zones”.?Actually it is the largest ecological region on earth.
Look at the pictures and guess what it is for.
Pre-reading
Read the picture and discuss with your partner what information you get.
China’s new deep-sea manned submersible?Fendouzhe, or Striver, set a national diving record of 10,909 metres in the Challenger Deep, a 11,000-metre chasm located at the bottom of the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean.
The successful sea trial verified the various functions and performances of the submersible as well as China’s breakthroughs in deep-sea equipment and technologies. It marked China’s entry into the first echelon of deep-sea scientific research and provided strong technical support for the country’s subsequent deep-sea research.
Read the passage and find out what has been discovered in the ocean depths.
DIVING
DEEP
Skim the passage and match the main idea.
While-reading
Read for main idea
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
We are entering a new age of oceanic discovery.
We have little knowledge of Earth’s sea bed.
Many archaeological finds are made in shallow waters.
There are extraordinary creatures in the deep sea.
The oceans are a valuable source of natural resources.
Read for structure
Para. 1: Introduce the topic.
Para. 2-4:
Ocean
__________.
Para. 2: the _______ of Neapolis
Para.3: amazing __________ discoveries
Para. 5: ___________ is entering a new age of oceanic discovery.
Humankind
ruins
Para.4: __________ of natural resources
biological
discovery
exploration
Diving deep
Read for details
Scan the passage and complete the diagram.
OVER THE CENTURIES:
sailing across oceans to explore Earth’s furthest corners
Ocean exploration
MODERN AGE: exploring 1___________
deep sea
2______________ exploration
Finding ancient ruins in 3________________.
Working to overcome challenges and make
discoveries at 4______________.
Example:
5__________________________
Archaeological
shallow waters
vast depths
the ruins of Neapolis
6 _____________exploration
Containing about 90 per cent of 7_______________.
Helping comprehend 8__________________________.
Examples:
9 _______________
10 _______________
11___________________________________________
_________________
Biological
the planet’s fish
bone-white coral
the capacity for life on our planet
the barreleye
life to be found even around the deep-sea volcanic openings
Discovery of natural resources
Discovering new natural resources.
Studying 12 _________________.
Identifying areas for 13 ____________________.
Examples:
14 _______________________
15 _______________________
“fire ice”
deep-sea drilling
the sea bed
China’s underwater vessels
n. 物質
What has been discovered in the ocean depths.
Shipwrecks such as that of the Esmeralda, ruins of ancient cities like Nea?polis, extraordinary deep-sea creatures such as bone-white coral and the barreleye, and the substance known as “fire ice” have been discovered in the ocean depths.
n. 失事的船；沉船
n. 管眼魚
Read for writing skills
What writing skills are used in the passage?
Statistics & examples
The discourse markers(語篇標記)
As you read, notice the discourse markers used in the text, eg in addition, also, however, furthermore, as well as. These markers function like road signs, helping you connect ideas and understand the writer’s attitude and opinions.
discourse markers
Statistics
Examples
whole city buried beneath the waves
the ancient Roman city of Neapolis
location:______________________
time: __________________
cause:__________________
off the coast of Tunisia
tsunami
the 4th century
Examples in para. 2
the ancient Roman city of Neapolis
Examples
Examples in para. 3
200 metres
dark zone
6000 metres deep
8000 metres
Name:________________________
Age: ________________________
Name:_____________
Features: _________________________________
barreleye
transparent forehead eyes can look upwards
bone-white coral
4000 years old
life to be found even around the deep sea vocalnic openings
Examples
Examples in para. 4
China’s achievements
New natural resource: __________
Underwater vessels: ___________________________
fire ice
Jiaolong & Shenhai Yongshi
Tip: The use of statistics and examples make the passage more convincing.
Post-reading
Why do you think the author uses statistics in the passage?
What other examples of ocean exploration do you know of? Share one with the class.
What do you think drives the exploration of the oceans?
What common message do the two reading passages in this unit convey? How do they each build upon this idea?
Why do you think the author uses statistics in the passage?
What other examples of ocean exploration do you know of? Share one with the class.
The use of statistics makes the passage more convincing.
Chart of the California Coast
This reconnaissance chart of the California coast was created by Captain James Alden in 1852. In 1857 James Alden discovered California’s Monterey Canyon, the first known submarine valley. A submarine valley is a long, deep depression in the ocean floor.
What do you think drives the exploration of the oceans?
The oceans make up 70% of the earth’s total area. Large numbers of marine animals and plants are important sources of food for human beings. Therefore, it is very important for us to understand the world’s oceans. In addition to concerns about maritime security and economic interests, exploration of the seabed will satisfy human’s curiosity and thirst for the unknown knowledge.
What common message do the two reading passages in this unit convey? How do they each build upon this idea?
Both passages convey the message that humans have the desire and means to explore the unknown.
The first passage does this by looking at our fascination with history’s greatest mysteries, while the second passage looks at pioneering exploration of Earth’s oceans.
Give a talk about the influences of ocean exploration on your daily life.
Look at the diagram below and brainstorm examples of how ocean exploration affects your daily life.
Trade and economy
Cultural exchange
Transport and travel
Food and natural resources
Environment and conservation
Influences of ocean exploration
Organise your talk by completing the diagram with your examples.
Ocean exploration affects our daily life in many ways.
The air we breathe: The ocean produces over half of the world’s oxygen and absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere.
Climate regulation: Covering 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, the ocean transports heat from the equator to the poles, regulating our climate and weather patterns.
Food: The ocean provides more than just seafood; ingredients from the sea are found in surprising foods such as peanut butter and soymilk.
Medicine: Many medicinal products come from the ocean, including ingredients that help fight cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and heart disease.
Recreation: From fishing to boating to kayaking and whale watching, the ocean provides us with many unique activities.
Give your talk to the class.
Summary
The deep sea is Earth’s last frontier.
We should protect deep-sea ecosystems to contribute to the future sustainable development and ecological balance of the earth.
Today,some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail,there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. 今天,在“艾斯梅拉達”號起航大約500年后,我們星球上幾乎沒有什么土地沒有被探索過。
◆ set sail 起航;開航
【詞匯拓展】
sail n. 帆/ v. 航行
set sail for=sail for　　　 向……航行;朝……航行
set sail across/sail across 航行穿過……
sail into/out of 駛入/駛出
The white sails billow with the breezes.
I shall get myself a little boat and sail it around the world.

單句語法填空
(1)On Zheng He’s first voyage,he sailed 　　　　　the Indian Ocean.?
(2)The captain said goodbye to the king and queen and sailed
　　　　　England.?
across
for
In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8,000 metres below the surface,the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another. 海面以下8 000多米的最深的海溝中的壓力相當于50架飛機疊在一起。
◆ equivalent adj.等同的;等值的;相當的
【詞匯拓展】
equivalent n.　　　 相等的東西;對應詞
be equivalent to 與……相等;與……相同
One kilometre is equivalent to two li. 1千米為2里。
This word has no equivalent in English. 這個單詞在英語中沒有對應詞。
單句語法填空
(1)Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent 　　　　　five miles.?
(2)Is there a French word that is 　　　　　exact equivalent of the English word “home”??
to
the
The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine,at 7,062 metres,giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers. “蛟龍”號甚至保持了載人潛水艇下潛最深的紀錄,達到7 062米,這使中國與世界上頂尖的海洋探險國并駕齊驅。
◆ hold the record 保持紀錄
【詞匯拓展】
keep a record of　　　　　 把……記錄下來
break/set/keep a record 打破/創造/保持紀錄
on record 記錄在案的
make a record 錄制唱片
It is recorded that... 據記載……
單句語法填空
(1)Last year was the warmest year 　　　　　　record,with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average.?
(2)　　　 is recorded that there have been a lot of earthquakes in this area.?
完成句子
(3)When you 　　　　　　　　　(錄制唱片),it’s different from a concert,because you leave something there.?
(4)The gold price 　　　　?　　　　　(創造新紀錄) of over $1,900 an ounce this year.?
on
It
make a record
set a new record
Being a tough environment of complete darkness,enormous pressure and intense cold,the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration. 海洋深處完全黑暗、壓力巨大且極度寒冷的惡劣環境,早已超出人類的探測范圍。
◆ beyond the reach of 超出……范圍;無法達到
【詞匯拓展】
beyond one’s reach/out of one’s reach 超出……范圍;無法達到
within one’s reach=within the reach of 夠得著;在……伸手可及的范圍內
The apples on the tree are beyond/out of my reach. 我夠不到樹上的蘋果。
I like to place refreshments within my reach. 我喜歡把點心放在我伸手可及之處。
完成句子
(1)演化的理論超乎我的想象。
The theory of evolution is 　　　　?　　　　　　　my imagination.?
(2)把手剛好在我夠不著的地方。
The handle was just 　　　　　　　　　　　.?
(3)請把詞典放在我伸手夠得著的地方。
Please put the dictionary 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
beyond the reach of　
beyond my reach
within my reach
Writing
02
Writing about the unexplained
How much do you know about the pictures?
Egyptian pyramids
Dead sea
Maya pyramid
Sanxingdui
Ancient Babylon
Qomolangma
The 30th Parallel North
Can you tell anything about them in common？
Look at the pictures and talk about what you know about the mysterious 30th?parallel north.
Read the magazine article and answer the questions.
Along a special line of latitude, known as the 30th parallel north, lie numerous sites of ancient civilisations and impressive natural features.
Ancient civilisations appeared on the parallel, including Babylon, with its famous tower; Egypt, with its pyramids; China, with its Sanxingdui culture, etc. These civilisations appeared at a similar time, and all developed advanced bronze-making techniques. Were they part of a single super-civilisation, as some think?
A LONG LINE OF MYSTERIES
It’s argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. This creates amazing natural features, including Mount Qomolangma, the Dead Sea, and rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Yangtze. Lacking any concrete evidence, some even claim it was supernatural powers!
Scientists, however, dispute these theories. It’s more likely, they argue, that civilisations arose on the 30th parallel north because the climate there is generally warm and wet. Major tectonic plates meet at this latitude, causing earthquakes, which helped form the Himalayas. The rest, they say, is either coincidence or fantasy.
Why is the 30th parallel north mysterious?
What are some unusual explanations for it?
What are some possible scientific explanations?
The 30th parallel north is mysterious because it is where numerous sites of ancient civilisations and impressive natural features lie.
Some believe that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and others even claim that its amazing natural features were caused by supernatural powers.
Possible scientific explanations for the 30th parallel north include the generally warm and damp climate that made it a good place for civilisations to develop, and the fact that it is where major tectonic plates meet.
Analyze the main function of each paragraph.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Overview, what is the unexplained phenomenon？
Why is it mysterious?
What non-scientific explanations are there?
How do scientists explain it?
Plan an article about an unexplained phenomenon. Do further research if necessary.
What is the unexplained phenomenon?
Why is it mysterious?
What non-scientific explanations are there?
How do scientists explain it?
The Bermuda Triangle
Far below the surface of the North Atlantic Ocean, in a roughly triangular area known as the Bermuda Triangle, lie more than 50 shipwrecks and 20 plane wrecks.
What makes these wrecks so mysterious is that the cause of their fate remains largely unknown - ships were abandoned without apparent reason, distress signals were never sent and aircraft were lost without trace.
Some believe that supernatural forces are responsible, while others put the accidents and disappearances down to coincidence.
Scientific theories, meanwhile, include pilot error when trying to navigate the area, and huge “rogue waves” caused by terrible storms. Although many ships and planes cross the Bermuda Triangle without incident, the stories behind those doomed vessels’ fates continue to capture people’s imaginations.
Presenting
ideas
03
Marcel Proust, (born July 10, 1871, Auteuil, near Paris, France — died Nov. 18, 1922, Paris), French novelist. He was best known for his seven-volume fiction In search of Lost Time. ?
Do you know Marcel Proust?
Read the sentence and answer the questions.
What is your understanding of the sentence?
What does Proust mean by “The only true voyage of discovery”?
Share your opinion of this sentence and make notes. Do further research if necessary.
What do you think of Proust’s view on the way to explore the world?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What is your way to explore the world? Give an example.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Prepare a speech about what exploration means to you. Consider the following:
1 the structure of your speech
2 useful words, expressions and structures
3 helpful public speaking skills
Give your speech to the class.
Review language points.
Talk with your friends about how to open up our planet’s final planet through closer scientific, economic and cultural operation.
Polish your article about an unexplained phenomenon.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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