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Unit 6
Space and beyond
Starting out & Understanding ideas
BY MICHELLE
Starting out
01
How much do you know about solar system
the Kuiper belt
水星
金星
火星
地球
木星
土星
天王星
海王星
Watch the video and answer the questions.
How was the Sun formed
Where are the Asteroid Belt and the Kuiper Belt in the solar system
What else do you know about the solar system Share what you know with the class.
How was the Sun formed
First, enough gas and dust pulled together to make a disc where the planets formed. Then, building pressure heated up the center of the disc to one million degrees, and a nuclear reaction began, which formed the Sun.
Where are the Asteroid Belt and the Kuiper Belt in the solar system
The Asteroid Belt lies between Mars and Jupiter. The Kuiper Belt exists just beyond the orbit of Neptune.
What else do you know about the solar system Share what you know with the class.
The sun is a big burning star. And it is made up of hot gases. Eight planets move around the sun. Together the planets and the sun are called the solar system. The earth is a special planet. It gets heat and light from the sun. It is just the right distance from the sun. It is not too hot or too cold.
Look at the timeline and answer the questions.
Which of these spacecraft had a human on board when launched
What are the recent events in China’s space programme Add them to the timeline.
What do you know about China’s future plans for space exploration
Shenzhou V.
For example, on July 4, 2021, the Shenzhou-12 crew successfully completed all the scheduled tasks during the exit activity, which lasted about seven hours.
What do you know about the development of China’s space exploration
From its first satellite, Dongfanghong-1, all the way to soft-landing on the moon’s surface, China’s aerospace industry has made remarkable achievements.
China’s Aerospace Industry
China has been an active member of the International Space Exploration Coordination Group since 2006. The group is an international forum set up by 14 space agencies based on mutual interests, shared technologies and aims to plan a common, cohesive roadmap into the future for all of mankind’s ventures into outer space.
Through cooperation, China gives a lot of countries a nice opportunity to develop new partnerships to stay active in space exploration.
The big dream of getting all nations working together in space is that the cooperation will extend back down to Earth. Trust developed through space co-exploration can also be turned to solving global problems like the environment, pandemics, natural disasters and something as scary as a runaway asteroid.
Understanding
ideas
02
The Call of
the Challenger
Lead in
Complete the quiz and find out how much you know about space exploration. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
1 The first satellite was launched by the USSR in _______.
a 1945 b 1962 c 1957
2 The first person in space was _______.
a Robert Crippen b Yuri Gagarin c Neil Armstrong
3 The first person to walk in space was _______.
a Alexei Leonov b William McCool c Yang Liwei
4 The first space station was Salyut 1, which was launched by _______.
a the USA b the USSR c the European Space Agency
5 The first spacecraft to leave the solar system was _______.
a Vostok 1 b Discovery c Voyager 1
1 The first satellite was launched by the USSR in _______.
a 1945 b 1962 c 1957
2 The first person in space was _______.
a Robert Crippen b Yuri Gagarin c Neil Armstrong
尤里·阿列克謝耶維奇·加加林（俄文：Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин，英文：Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin，1934年3月9日-1968年3月27日），蘇聯航天員，蘇聯英雄，蘇聯紅軍上校飛行員，是第一個進入太空的人，也是第一個從太空中看到地球全貌的人。
3 The first person to walk in space was _______.
a Alexei Leonov b William McCool c Yang Liwei
人類首先太空行走由蘇聯完成，1965年3月18日，蘇聯宇航員阿列克謝·阿爾希波維奇·列昂諾夫(ALEXEI LEONOV)完成了人類太空史上的壯舉——太空行走，成為太空行走第一人。
4 The first space station was Salyut 1, which was launched by ____.
a the USA b the USSR c the European Space Agency
1971年4月，前蘇聯發射了世界上第一個空間站，取名“禮炮1號”。它重約18噸，長約14米，最大直徑4.2米，飛行軌道近地點219公里，遠地點275公里，傾角51.6°。“禮炮號”由軌道艙、對接艙和服務艙三大部分組成。
5 The first spacecraft to leave the solar system was _______.
a Vostok 1 b Discovery c Voyager 1
北京時間2014年9月13日凌晨2點，美國國家航空航天局(NASA)召開新聞發布會，宣布37年前發射的“旅行者一號”探測器已經離開太陽系，正在飛向別的恒星。“旅行者一號”同時也是首個沖出太陽系的人類制造的飛行器，在人類的航空航天史上成為一座極具紀念意義的追銷里程碑。
Pre-reading
Look at the title of the passage and the pictures. Predict what the passage is about.
The passage mainly talks about the loss of Challenger and the humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
Now read the passage and check your prediction.
While-reading
Read for main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
Space travel became unexceptional to the public.
A student’s memory of the explosion of the Challenger.
Armstrong’s first Moon landing.
The disastrous space accident of the Challenger.
The space shuttle programme after the disaster.
The significance of the disaster to the space exploration.
Armstrong’s first moon landing.
Para. 1
Name
Time
Astronauts
Descriptions
Apollo 11
20 July 1969
Neil Armstrong and two others
The first landing on the Moon.
said the famous words“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
“What had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.” ( clause)
The first lunar landing.
Neil Armstrong
Subjective
Space travel became unexceptional to the public after the Moon landings.
Para. 2
Name
Time
Astronauts
Descriptions
Challenger
28 January 1986
Christa McAuliffe and six others
It was special.
Christa McAuliffe
aged _______
an ordinary _________________
was about to become _____________ in space
37
teacher and mother
the first civilian
Plans
two 15-minute lessons
about spacecraft and ________
the _________ of the space programme
gravity
objectives
The disastrous space accident of the Challenger.
Para. 3
Can you find out some nouns describing people’s feelings before and after the Challenger disaster
Excitement
Terror
Optimism
Failure
A student’s memory of the explosion of the Challenger.
Para. 4
The space shuttle programme after the disaster
Para. 5
Space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly ________ years.
The cause of the disaster was investigated.
Some of the shuttle’s ___________ were redesigned.
Effects
three
components
: us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
: us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
The significance of the disaster to the space exploration
Para. 6
Significance
Inspire
Remind
First moon landing before the Challenger.
Para. 1
Space travel became unexceptional to the public.
Para. 2
One student’s memory of the explosion.
Para. 4
Space shuttle program after the explosion of the Challenger.
Para. 5
The explosion of the Challenger.
Para. 3
Para. 6
Significance
Challenger Disaster Speech
Choose the ideas mentioned in the passage and find the evidence.
1 People thought space travel was no longer dangerous.
2 Christa would have inspired lots of people if she hadn’t lost her life on
board the Challenger.
3 People were determined to continue with the space programme after
the disaster.
4 The disaster proved we should use robots to explore space instead of
people.
5 The shuttle was not reliable and should not have been used.
Para 2: Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.
Para 2: Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.
Para 6: … inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
Time: __________________
Place: Space Centre in Florida, USA
Crew: _______________, including a teacher
What was special about the Challenger launch
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space.
28 January 1986
seven astronauts
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
What was the teacher’s mission on board the Challenger
She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
What was done in the three years following the disaster
Space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned.
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
Which shuttle followed the Challenger, and when was it launched
Discovery followed the Challenger, and was launched on 29 September 1988.
Now talk about what you can learn from the Challenger disaster.
Post-reading
What were people’s feelings before and after the Challenger disaster Find evidence in the passage to support your answer.
Do you know of any other disasters that have occurred while exploring space Share one with the class. Why do you think people continue to explore space despite the risks
Would you like to go into space Give your reasons.
What language in the passage could you use to describe other events in space exploration
Before the Challenger disaster, people felt optimistic and were very excited to watch the take-off on TV. They became shocked and scared after the disaster.
Language
points
03
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969,people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. 自從尼爾·阿姆斯特朗1969年7月20日首次登上月球以來,人們已經習慣了太空旅行的概念。
◆ become accustomed to 習慣于(做)某事
【詞匯拓展】
accustomed adj. 經常的;慣常的;習慣了的
be/get/become accustomed to (doing)sth=be/get used to (doing) sth
習慣于(做)某事
accustom sb/oneself to (doing) sth 使某人/自己習慣于(做)某事
She was a person accustomed to having eight hours’ sleep a night.
用所給詞的適當形式填空
(1)I am accustomed to 　　　　　(get) up early and taking an hour’s walk before breakfast.
(2)Knowing that you are not 　　　　　(accustom) to the life here and are considering returning to America,I feel very upset.
(3)　　 　　　(accustom) to the climate in the countryside,the old couple prefer not to move to the city.
getting
accustomed　
Accustomed
When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986,the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. 當“挑戰者”號航天飛機于1986年1月28日升空時,世界似乎對參與其中的宇航員的驚人成就失去了驚奇。
◆ take off 起飛;脫下;迅速流行;(事業等)步入正軌
【詞匯拓展】
take in　　　　　　接受;吸收
take over 接管;繼承;支配
take on 呈現;雇用
take up 從事;繼續;拿起;占據
take down 記下;取下;拆除
用take短語填空
(1)When she graduated from university,she 　　　　　journalism.
(2)With the development of science and technology,our country has
　　　　　a new look.
(3)The house where I grew up has been 　　　_____　　and replaced by an office building.
(4)Briggs will 　　　　　as a general manager when Michell retires.
took up　
taken on
taken down
take over
But this was going to be no ordinary excursion,and millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. 但這將不是一次普通的航行,數百萬人通過電視觀看升空。
◆ tune in 收聽;收看
【詞匯拓展】
tune n. 曲調 in tune 合拍 out of tune 不合拍
in tune with sb/sth 與……合拍;贊成某人/某事
It was just an ordinary voice,but he sang in tune.
Her singing often gets out of tune.
When I interviewed Shakira I felt in tune with her philosophy of life. 采訪夏奇拉時,我覺得自己和她的人生哲學很合拍。
單句語法填空
(1)The industry is changing in tune 　　　　　changing demand.
(2)Tune 　　　　　next week at the same time!
(3)Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly
　　　　　tune.
with
in
in
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37,an ordinary teacher and mother,was about to become the first civilian in space. 這次飛行很特別,因為37歲的克里斯塔·麥考利夫,一個普通的老師和母親,即將成為第一個進入太空中的平民。
【句式剖析】本句是一個復合句。It was special是主句,because引導的是原因狀語從句。be about to do意為“正要做……;即將要做……”,一般不和具體的時間連用,后加when引導的句子表示“正要做……突然……”。
He was about to open the door when he felt the handle turning the other way.他正要開門突然感到把手向相反的方向轉動。
The accident happened as the jet was about to take off. 噴氣式飛機正要起飛時出了事故。
【句式拓展】
(1)be doing...when...表示“正在做……這時……”。
They were having a meeting when the electricity was cut off.
(2)be on the point of doing...when...表示“正要做……這時……”。
I was on the point of calling him when he came in.
He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang.
(3)had just done...when...表示“剛做完……這時……”。
I had just finished my journey when my friend came to visit me.
這里的when 是并列連詞,表示“這時;突然”,相當于and then/and at that time。
完成句子
(1)我正要離開突然注意到一位老太太在看我。
I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　when I noticed an old lady looking at me.
(2)我剛剛到達火車站,火車就開了。
I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the railway station when the train left.
(3)我們正在吃晚飯,突然電話鈴響了。
We 　　　　　　　　　　　　when the telephone rang.
was about to leave
had just arrived at
were having supper
It was the most disastrous space accident ever,and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts. 這是有史以來最災難性的太空事故,它給人們的心靈蒙上了陰影。
◆ cast a shadow on/over 給蒙上陰影
An unhappy childhood would cast a shadow on one’s whole life. 不快樂的童年會給一個人的一生蒙上陰影。
【詞匯拓展】
cast light on 　　　　使……清楚;使人了解
cast doubt on 質疑;引起對……的懷疑
Does this information cast light on the problem
The incident cast doubt on her motives and reliability.
完成句子
(1)那個壞消息給我們的會議蒙上了一層陰影。
The bad news 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our meeting.
(2)一位研究人員現在已經揭開了這種動物的死亡之謎。
A researcher has now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the mystery of why the animals died.
(3)他的所作所為使人們對他的誠實產生了懷疑。
What he had done 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his honesty.
cast a shadow on/over
cast light on
cast doubt on
Following the shock of the Challenger disaster,space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated,and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned. 在“挑戰者”號災難的震驚過后,航天飛機的飛行暫停了近三年,同時調查了災難的原因,并重新設計了航天飛機的一些部件。
◆ suspend v.暫停,中止;懸,掛
【詞匯拓展】
suspend sb from...　　　　 停止某人……
suspend sth from sth 把……懸掛在……上
suspension n. 暫令停職(或停學、停賽等);暫緩;推遲;延期
Dave was suspended from school for a week.
用suspend的適當形式填空
(1)The ferry service has 　　　 　　for the day because of the bad weather.
(2)The footballer is likely to receive a three-match 　　　　　following an incident in yesterday’s game.
(3)It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs
　　　　　in the air.
been suspended
suspension
suspended
But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue,and on 29 September 1988,the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. 但毫無疑問,載人飛行將繼續下去,1988年9月29日,隨著“發現”號的成功發射,航天飛機計劃得以恢復。
【句式剖析】本句是一個復合句。there was never any doubt是主句,that manned flights would continue是同位語從句。there is never any doubt that=there is no doubt that意為“毫無疑問”。
There is no doubt that your participation will make our outing more enjoyable. 毫無疑問你的參與會使我們的出游更加愉快。
【句式拓展】
there is no doubt that... 毫無疑問……
there is some doubt whether... 有……疑問
I have no doubt that... 我確信……
I don’t/never doubt that... 我確信……
I doubt whether/if... 我懷疑是否……
beyond/without doubt 毫無疑問地;確實地
in doubt 不肯定的;不確定的
There is no doubt that he is telling the truth.
His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.
I doubt whether they really have sufficient manpower.
(1)doubt用作名詞時,在肯定句中接whether(不可用if)引導的同位語從句;在否定句中用that引導同位語從句。
(2)當doubt用作動詞時,在肯定句中接whether或if引導的賓語從句;在否定句、疑問句中后跟that引導的賓語從句。
單句語法填空
(1)I never doubt 　　　　　Chinese diet is the healthiest in the world.
(2)I doubt 　　　　　the new one will be any better.
(3)There is some doubt 　　　　　the book is worth buying.
一句多譯
毫無疑問,剪紙是中國的傳統文化之一。
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that paper-cutting is one of Chinese traditional cultures.(doubt v.)
(5)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that paper-cutting is one of Chinese traditional cultures.(doubt n.)
that
whether/if　
whether
I don’t/never doubt
There is no doubt/I have no doubt
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short,they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration,such as Gagarin,Tereshkova,Armstrong and Yang Liwei. “挑戰者”號失事至今已經過去30多年了,雖然機組人員的生命不幸被縮短了,但他們與加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和楊利偉等太空探索英雄一樣有著重要的地位。
【句式剖析】本句結構比較復雜。It has now been...和they take their place...是并列句,since引導的是第一個分句的時間狀語從句,although引導的是第二個分句的讓步狀語從句。It is/has been+一段時間+since...意為“自從……以來……”,since可以做介詞,也可做連詞。
【句式拓展】
(1)It will be+一段時間+before...(一般現在時),表示“要過多長時間才……”
It will be three months before we finish middle school.
再過三個月我們就中學畢業了。
(2)It was+一段時間+before...(一般過去時),表示“過了……才……”
It was three days before he came back.
他三天后才回來。
(3)It will be+not+一段時間+before...,表示“過不了……長時間……就……”
It won’t be long before we meet again.
不久我們又會見面的。
完成句子
(1)我哥哥參軍已經兩年了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　my brother joined the army.
(2)再過一個月我就去海南度假了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　I go to Hainan for my holiday.
(3)用不了多久,你就會對你所做的事感到后悔。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　you regret what you have done.
(4)差不多過了五年,萊特兄弟才聲名鵲起。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the Wright brothers became famous.
It is two years since
It will be a month before
It won’t be long before
It was almost five years before
Review language points.
Design your space tour. Be as creative as you like! - how you will travel; what you will pack; the duration and cost of the trip; where you will stay…
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