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(共79張PPT)
現(xiàn)在完成時
The Present Perfect Tense
用法
(一)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在的造成影響或結果.常用的時間狀語有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.
完成時第一講
一)構成:
have/has+動詞過去分詞
句式構成
1.肯定句:
S(主語）+have/has(助動詞）+PP(過去分詞)+(其他）。
Sb. have/has done sth.
1.Tom 洗完衣服了。
Tom has washed the clothes.
2.他們已經(jīng)開完會了。
They have had the meeting.
3.我寫完信了。
I have finished writing the letter.
4.Lily 已經(jīng)打掃房間了。
Lily has cleaned the room.
5.我們看過這部電影了。
We have watched the movie.
1.Tom 洗完衣服了。
2.他們已經(jīng)開完會了。
2. 否定句:
have not=haven’t has not =hasn’t
Sb. haven’t/hasn’t done sth.
2. 否定句:
S ( 主語)+have/has+not +PP(過去分詞)+(其他）。
把這些句子變成否定句。
1.Tom has washed the clothes.
2.They have had the meeting.
3.I have finished writing the letter.
4.Lily has cleaned the room.
5.We have watched the movie.
Tom hasn’t washed the clothes.
They haven’t had the meeting.
I haven’t finished writing the letter.
Lily hasn’t cleaned the room.
We haven’t watched the movie.
1.Lucy 還沒參觀過長城。
Lucy hasn’t visited the Great Wall.
2.我們 還沒談論這件事。
We haven’t talked about the thing.
3.我還沒完成這個工作。
I haven’t finished the work.
4.他還沒回到北京。
He hasn’t returned to Beijing.
3.一般疑問句
Have/has+ S (主語)+PP(過去分詞)+(其他）
Yes, S+have/has.
No, S+haven’t/hasn’t.
Have/has sb. done sth
將下列句子變成一般疑問句。
1.Lucy has visited the Great Wall.
Has Lucy visited the Great Wall
2.We have talked about the thing.
Have you talked about the thing
3.I have finished the work.
Have you finished the work
4.He has returned to Beijing.
Has he returned to Beijing
Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
Yes,we have. No, we haven’t.
Yes, I have.No,I haven’t.
Yes, he has . No ,he hasn’t
1.你洗臉了嗎？
2.他們澆花了嗎？
3.John 看過這本書嗎？
4.你們 學過這個單詞嗎？
Have you washed your face
Have they watered the flowers
Has John read the book
Have you learned the word
現(xiàn)在完成時用法（一）
常用的時間狀語有：
already, yet, ever, never, just, before等，這些
時間狀語的用法和區(qū)別如下
1.Already
※用于肯定句: 句中(行動前，be動后)意為“己經(jīng)”。偶爾用于句尾表示強調，但很少見
有時用于一般疑問句: 句末(表示驚訝的語氣)
“難道” 但初中階段涉及不到
Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常見)
= I’ve had breakfast already.(表示強調)
Have you had breakfast already
2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法
否定句:句末 “還(沒)”
疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”
Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet.
Have you had breakfast yet
注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時,將already要變成yet放在句末.
I have already done my homework.
否定句:
一般疑問句:
I haven’t done my homework yet.
Have you done your homework yet

3. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法
肯定句/疑問句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)”
Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing.
Have you ever been to Beijing
4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法
本身是否定意義: 句中 “從來沒有”
I’ve never been to Beijing.
注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時, 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時可用“No, never.”
He has ever made dumplings.
否定句:
疑問句：
Have they ever travelled by train
No, never.
He has never made dumplings.
5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法
用于句中, （行動前，be動后)表示“剛剛”
Eg. I’ve just had breakfast.
What have they just done
6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法
用于句末, 表示“以前”
I’ve seen it before.
Has she ridden a bike before

(用法二)
表示一個從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導的時間狀語連用.
完成時第二講
1.for的用法
He has played soccer for two hours.
Now:3:00pm
Start: 1:00pm
He likes playing soccer.
He started playing soccer at 1:00 pm.
He is still playing soccer now.
成龍（ Jackie Chan ）
was born: 1954
act: 1961~ now
He has acted for 58 years.
1.for +
I have been here for 5 weeks.
He’s studied English for 3 years.
一段時間
2.since 的用法
He has played soccer
for two hours.
Now:3:00pm
Start: 1:00pm
He likes playing soccer.
He started playing soccer at 1:00 pm.
He is still playing soccer now.
He has played soccer since 1:00pm.
成龍（ Jackie Chan ）
was born: 1954
act: 1961~ now
He has acted for 58 years.
He has acted since he was 7 years old.
He has acted since 1961.
He has acted since 58 years ago.
2. since +
從句(一般過去時)


單詞
(表示過去某一時間的)時間點
I have been here since 2000.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
詞組
注意：
一段時間+ago 是一般過去時的標志。
而since+一段時間+ago 是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志。
所以見到ago 一定要看前面是否有since
He started playing the piano ten years ago.
He has played the piano since ten years ago.
這樣的句子可改為的同義句：
He has played the piano for ten years.
選用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
for
since
for
since
for
since
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注2): 對for或since引導的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.
I have lived here for 10 years.
How long have you lived here
She has stood here since 2 hours ago.
How long has she stood here
have been to，have gone to，
與 have been in的用法區(qū)別
have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，說話時已經(jīng)回到說話地點，現(xiàn)在人不在那兒常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時間連用。
have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。
have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”指一種存在狀態(tài),常與一段時間連用。
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She has ever been to Nanjing。
她曾去過南京(但現(xiàn)在不在南京）
She has gone to Nanjing.
她已經(jīng)去南京了。（在途中或已在南京）
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She has been in Naning for five days.
她已經(jīng)在南京呆5天了。（人在南京，強調狀態(tài)）
用Have been to, have gone to,
have been in 填空
Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
______ you ever _____ to kunming Never.
Where _____ you ______ these days
Has Jim arrived yet
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
Where is Peter I don’t know where he ________.
Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ Li Lei
is looking for you.
8.Mr Wang ________________London three times.
have been in
has gone to
have been
Have been
has been
has gone
have been
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has been to
注3): 短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導的時間狀語連用, 當然也不能用于how long引導的問句中.為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應的延續(xù)性動詞”來代替短暫性動詞.
(正)I have been away there for 5 years.
（誤）The movie has started since 3:00
（正）The movie has been on since 3:00
Eg.(誤)I have left there for 5 years.
※短暫性動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉換
完成時第三講
5.短暫動詞和
延續(xù)動詞轉換
瞬間性動詞 延續(xù)性動詞
buy
borrow
come/go
go/leave
open/close
begin/start
end/finish
die
catch a cold
become interested in
get married
have
keep
be
be away (from)
be open/ be closed
be on
be over
be dead
have a cold
be interested in
be married
瞬間性動詞 延續(xù)性動詞
put on
get up
wake up
go to sleep/ fall asleep
join
become
get to/arrive/reach
wear
be up
be awake
be asleep
be in=
be a member of
be
be at/in
練習
他到達車站半個小時了
He has arrived at the station for half an hour( 錯 )
He has been at the station for half an hour .
He _______the League since two years ago
Joined B. has joined C. has been in
The film has been on for fifteen minutes.
C
翻譯：這個電影已經(jīng)放映十五分鐘了
翻 譯 練 習：
1.我買了這塊手表五年了。
2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。
I have bought this watch for five years.（錯）
I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （對）
The old man has died for ten years.（錯）
The old man has been dead for ten
years/since 10 years ago.（對）
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3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。
4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。
5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。
He has come back for 3 days.
He has been back for 3 days/since 3
days ago.
He has come here since 6 o’clock.
He has been here since 6 o’clock.
I have left hometown for 10 years.
I have been away from hometown for 10
years.
錯
錯
錯
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對
對
對
●但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與for或since連用。
如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year.
我買這輛自行車還不到一年。
She hasn’t come here for an hour.
她來這兒還沒有一個小時。
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（一）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果，強調的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時間狀語連用；而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。
一般過去時的常用時間狀語：yesterday, last week, ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語；
而現(xiàn)在完成時的常用時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now 等，一般為一段時間。
He has lived in Beijing since 1999.
自1999年以來他一直住在北京。
（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）
He lived in Bejing in 1999.
在1999年的時候他在北京住過。
（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）
1.他昨天去北京了。
2.他去北京兩天了。
He went to Beijing yesterday.
（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）
He has been in Beijing for two days.
（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）
湯姆回來了。
2. 湯姆昨天回來了。
3. 湯姆回來一個多星期了。
Tom has come back.
Tom has been back for over a week.
Tom came back yesterday.
eg：He has bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。
He bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。
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第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。
第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強
調說明。
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1. 你今天下午什么時候離開學校的？
2.你離開學校多久了？
When did you leave school this afternoon
How long have you been away from school
1.. 他在1998年買了這輛自行車。
2.他自從來到我們學校就買了這輛自行車。
He bought the bike in 1998.
He has had the bike since he came to our school.
1. 上個月我借了這本書。
2.這本書我借了一個月了。
I borrowed the book last month.
I have kept the book for a month.
二．當有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時:
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eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .
但since(自…以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
eg： They have known each other since 1950 .
Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.
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現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊句式
一、It is +一段時間+since+句子(一般過去時)
=It has been+一段時間+since+句子（一般過去時）
=一段時間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時)
Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.
=It has been five years since I joined the army.
=Five years has passed since I joined the army.
練習
自從我來到這已經(jīng)兩天
It is two days since I came here
Two days has passed since
I came here
It has been two days since I came here.
電影開始五分鐘了。
The film has been on for five minutes.
The film has been on since five minutes ago.
It has been five minutes since the film began/started.
It is five minutes since the film began/started .
The film began five minutes ago.
.
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他入黨五年了。
He has been in the Party for five years.
He has been in the Party since five years ago.
It has been five years since he joined the Party.
It is five years since he joined the Party.
He joined the Party five years ago
二、It is the first / second time that …
在這個結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
This is the first time I’ve heard him sing.
This is the second time that she has seen the movie.
It is the third time that Tom has seen the old man.
This is + 形容詞最高級 + that…
在這種結構中，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.
This is the most interesting book that she has read.
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現(xiàn)在完成時練習
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動 詞 填 空：
1._____ you ________(clean) the room
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it
He ______ it last week.
3. How many times _____you______(be) there
Have
cleaned
have done
did
do
did
Has
seen
did
see
saw
have
been
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4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she Yes.
How ______ she _______(go) there
She _______(go) there by air.
6. So far, many countries _______________(develop)
their software programs.
7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.
8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.
have read
has gone
did
go
went
have developed
gave
has given
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改 錯
1. How long have you begun to study English
2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
3. The river has become very dirty since last August.
4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.
5. He has gone out for two years.
studied
kept
been
gone
been
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The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.
A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned
2. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
----Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes.
A have been B had been C was D will be
3. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met B have met C met D meet
4. -----Will you go to Beijing for vacation
-----I _______ to go , but I don’t know if I can go .
A was planning B have planned
C had been planning D have been planning
6. --When will they leave
---They ______very soon .
A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave
7 --Was he studying for an exam
--Yes , he's ____ it last week.
A doing B to take C making D to give
8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth ____ round.
A is B would C was D were
9. She _______ such an interesting book before.
A was never reading B will never read
C had never read D has never read
翻譯下列句子：
1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過沙拉嗎？
2. 我剛剛丟了我的語文書。
3. 我以前從來沒去過那個公園。
4. 他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。
4.He has already had lunch.
1.Have you eatten salad
2.I have just lost my Chinese book.
3 I have never been to that park.
5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？
6. 我哥哥還沒回來。
7. 我自從上星期看過這部電影
7 I have seen this movie since last week.
5 Have you seen this movie yet
6 My brother has not returned.
8. 自從1992年他住在這里。
9.這本字典我已買了三年了。
10.他離開中國三年了
10 He has been away from China for three years
8 He has lived here since 1992.
I have had this dictionary for three years.
改 錯
1. The film has stopped for an hour. .
2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
3. Kitty has bought a book since last week.
4. Our manager isn’t in today. He has been to Guangzhou.
been over
kept
gone
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had
用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空
1.— Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？
— No，I .
2.— What about your sister，Lily？
— Oh，she Chengdu
she will come back next week.
— Ok，thanks.
— You’re welcome.
have
haven’t
has gone to
been to
用have/has been to, have/has been in或have/has gone to填空
--- Where is your brother
--- He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. --- ____ you ever ___________ America
--- Yes, I _____________ New York twice.
3. --- Here you are at last! Where _____ you ______
--- I ____________ London for two months.
--- When did you come back, then
--- I came back only this morning.
4. We _________ this class since last week.
5. --- How long _______ you _______ China
--- Two years.
6. --- David __________ Australia.
--- I’m sure he’s already arrived.
has gone to
Have
been to
have been to
have
been
have been to
have been in
have
been in
has gone to
II. 將下列句子中的動詞改為現(xiàn)在完成時.
John is drawing a picture.
I write my name on the4 card.
Tom blows out the light.
The cat drinks its milk.
The tree falls across the road.
My parents give me a present.
John has drawn a picture.
I have written my name on the card.
Tom has blown out the light.
The cat has drunk its milk.
The tree has fallen across the road.
My parents have given me a present.
1. I _____ my plane ticket, but I can’t find it.
will buy B. would buy C. have bought
D. have buyed
2. Everything is all right; nothing _____.
is happened B. was happened
C. will be happened D. has happened
3. They can’t buy a computer because they _____ all their money.
are spending B. have spent C. spend
D. will spend
C
D
B
用動詞的適當形式填空（注意時態(tài)）
1.--How do you like the film
--I ____________(not see) such a moving film
before.
2.Millie’s sister _______(join) the club last week.
So she _________(be) in the club for nearly one week.
haven’t seen
joined
has been
4.My father__________(give) up ________(smoke).
He doesn’t _________(smoke) now.
5.The Green family_____________(not come) back
yet from the cinema.
They______(go) to see a film one hour ago.
6.You________________(not visit) your son for a
long time.
has given
smoking
smoke
haven’t come
went
haven’t visited
1.She has known Sam______ nine years.
(for , never , since)
2.They have______arrived.
(ever , just , yet)
3.Have you_____ ridden a horse
(ever , for , yet)
4.She has known Fred______ they were
at primary school.
(already , just , since)
5.We have not completed the
project_____. (already , for , yet)
for
just
ever
since
yet
1. 去年我去了蘇州。
We went to Suzhou last year.
2. 我每天早上7：00起床。
I get up at 7:00 every day.
3. 下個星期我要去看望我的老師。
I am going to visit my teacher next week.
4. 看！那邊有個女孩在哭。
Look! The girl is crying over there.
5. 湯姆去過北京2次了。
Tom has been to Beijing twice.
6. 他住在那兒已經(jīng)有十年了。
He has lived there for ten year.
寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式.
wake ______ 2. teach ______
3. sell ________ 4. see ________
5. ride _______ 6. pay _____
7. choose ______ 8. throw _____
9. think _______ 10. eat _____
11. drive ______ 12. catch ______
13. bring ______ 14. break ______
15. give _______ 16. get _________
17. know _______ 18. open _______
19. write _______ 20. forget ________
woken taught
sold seen
ridden paid
chosen thrown
thought ate
driven caught
brought broken
given got\gotten
known opened
written forgotten

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