資源簡介

(共60張PPT)
Unit 6
Survival
Developing ideas
BY MICHELLE
Lead in
Environmental Crisis
How to survive the environmental crisis
Could we actually live on Mars
Where is Mars How much do you know about Mars
Complete the quiz and find out how much you know about Mars. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
Mars is slightly more than half the size of Earth, with corresponding lower gravity. It’s a dry, rocky planet, with white polar “ice” caps that consist mostly of frozen carbon dioxide. The average temperature on Mars is minus 63 degrees Celsius. A day on Mars is about as long as a day on Earth, plus about 39 minutes. Seasons and years are twice as long as they are on Earth.
Since the 1960s, Mars has been the subject of several unmanned exploration missions. However, many such early missions failed.
More About Mars
It may be difficult to imagine when people will live on the planet Mars.
Predict the main idea according to the title and the pictures.
Read the passage and find out why humans might live on Mars.
Pre-reading
While-reading
Work out the main idea of each paragraph.
Why do we have Plan B for Earth
Why is Mars our Plan B
What are the challenges of moving to Mars
Humans’ exploration related to Mars.
Right now, Earth is the only home we have!
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
Why do we have Plan B for Earth
Paragraph 1
Clues from the passage
The greatest ___________
in 1960s and 1970s
nuclear missiles
Today the greatest _______
to life on Earth
_____________________
fear
risk
environmental problems
Have you seen the film
“The Day After Tomorrow”
The Day After Tomorrow is a 2004 American science-fiction disaster film. The film is based on the book The Coming Global Superstorm by Art Bell and Whitley Strieber. The film depicts the catastrophic effects of climate change, with extreme weather events leading to global cooling and a new ice age.
Why is Mars our Plan B
Paragraph 2
___________ close to Earth
Less hostile environment
Today ___________ in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.
Relatively
our interest
Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity
the Mars Desert Research Station
The Mars Village
More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet.
Humans’ exploration related to Mars.
Paragraph 3
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images.
Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life.
Within the next 25 years, human beings are planning manned missions to Mars.
What are the challenges of moving to Mars
Paragraph 4
1
2
3
4
Staying alive will be ___________________, but not impossible.
Sending people there will require all the skill, _______ and ___________ of the human race.
It would ___________ to reach Mars, travelling through _____________ solar radiation.
Even if ______________ do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth-ever.
courage
intelligence
take months
dangerous
the first settlers
a daily challenge
Biosphere 2 experiment
possible
a closed space
People, animals and plants could _____________.
live together
Function: own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the ________________.
outside world
unsuccessful
Provide us with a better understanding.
A big step forward.
Right now, Earth is the only home we have!
Paragraph 5
To settle Mars is ___________.
Earth is ________________.
Human activity have a terrible effect on the biosphere.
decades away
getting warmer
Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of Earth.
How to protect the environment (the Earth)
control air pollution
protect the forest and sea resources
stop any environmental pollution
We should...
protect water environment, save water resources
protect rare animals and plants
reduce the use of motor vehicle
carry on waste recovery use
Choose the magazine in which you would most likely find the passage？
All About Space
The Traveller
Environmental Concerns
Biology for Fun
Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.
Humans have yet not visited Mars.
People want to go to Mars on holiday.
There are plants growing on Mars.
The greatest to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.
One day, humans will have to go and live on another planet.
Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
Find evidence to support your choice.
Space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
1 “Humans have yet not visited Mars” can be inferred from paragraph 3.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
4 “The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles” can be inferred from paragraph 1.
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
6 “Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources” can be inferred from paragraph 1.
As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert… Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.
7 “The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure” can be inferred from paragraph 4.
Sometimes, we need to form opinions and draw conclusions that are not directly stated within the given information. For example, from the sentence “While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation”, we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars. Headings and pictures can also help us make educated guesses about a text.
Post-reading
Would you like to be one of the first people to live on Mars Why or why not
Which is better, to live on Mars or to solve Earth’s problems Why
Can you think of a “Plan C” to save people from the problems on Earth Share it with the class.
What theme do the two reading passages in this unit have in common On what aspects does each passage focus
The two passages share the theme of protecting our living environments. The first passage focuses on balancing nature and urban development, and the need for harmony between humans and animals. The second passage focuses on our need to protect Earth even if we intend to settle on other places such as Mars in future.
The
Wild
Within
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
Decide your roles.
Look at the sample questions about living on Mars and add any more you can think of. Then write down some answers.
Language
points
the greatest fear was that the human race， and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet，could be wiped out. 最大的恐懼是……人類——甚至可能是地球上所有的高級生命體——就可能被核導彈徹底毀滅。
advanced adj. 高級的；先進的
advanced technology 先進的技術
advanced learners of English 高階英語學習者
【單詞積累】
advance v. 前進；（使）進展；促進 n. 進步，進展
in advance 預先，提前
in advance of（時間上）在……之前；（發展上）超前
◆單句語法填空
(1) The course is intended for 　　　　（advance）learners.
(2)We are working hard 　　 　　（advance）the cause of world peace.
(3) These 　　　　（advance） in medical science will help man to enjoy a longer life.
◆完成句子
(4) I’d appreciate it if you could let me know 　　　　　　　　（提前） whether or not you will come.
advanced
to advance
advances
in advance
But they are also preparing for the worst ： what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life 但他們也在做最壞的打算: 如果《后天》等電影中的恐怖場景發生在現實生活中，我們該怎么辦？
prepare for 為……做準備
【單詞積累】
（1）preparation n. 準備，預備 in preparation 在準備中
in preparation for 為……做準備 make preparations for 為……做準備
（2）prepare v. 準備，預備 be prepared for 為……做好準備
The teacher is preparing the reviewing exercises，and the students are preparing for the final examination. Everyone hopes to make full preparations for the important exam.
◆單句語法填空
(1)Wish for the best and prepare 　　　　　the worst.
(2)I’m in 　　　　　（prepare） for my lecture tomorrow.
(3)All my friends are not available because they are making 　　　　　
（prepare） for an exam.
(4)He didn’t make any preparations 　　　　　this exam，so he failed.
(5)We have to be 　　　　　（prepare） for the task ahead.
(6)He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（已經為……做好充分準備）the coming job interview because he can’t risk losing the good chance.
for
preparation
preparations
for
prepared
has made full preparations for
But they are also preparing for the worst ： what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life 但他們也在做最壞的打算: 如果《后天》等電影中的恐怖場景發生在現實生活中，我們該怎么辦？
terrifying adj. 極其可怕的，駭人聽聞的
【單詞積累】
（1）terrified adj. 恐懼的，害怕的
be terrified of（doing）sth. 害怕（做）某事
be terrified at/by 因……而害怕
be terrified（that）... 害怕……
（2）terrify v. 使恐懼，使害怕
The idea that there will be an earthquake terrifies many people.
（3）terror n.［U］恐懼；［C］可怕的人或事
◆完成句子
(1)I 　　　　　　　　　　（害怕）flying. I’d rather go by train.
(2)She 　　　　　　　　　　（害怕）they would lose their home.
◆單句語法填空
(3) Hearing the loud thunder，the little girl was　　　　　（terrify）and dared not go to
sleep on her own.
(4) Being lost can be a 　　　　　（terrify）experience.
(5) It was 　　　　　（terrify） for us，as we were shaken by the waves.
am terrified of　
was terrified（that）
terrified
terrifying
terrifying
More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet ...越來越多的政府和組織正在努力對公眾進行有關“紅色星球”的教育，……
make efforts to do sth. （=make an effort to do sth.）努力做某事
【歸納拓展】
make every effort to do sth. 盡一切努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遺余力地做某事
put effort into（doing） sth. 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 為了做某事
through one’s effort 通過某人的努力
with/without effort 費力地 / 毫不費力地
◆單句語法填空
(1)I will make every effort 　　　　　（achieve）my goal.
(2)They decided to get rid of poverty 　　　　　effort.
◆完成句子
(3)They　　　　　　　　　　（正在努力）to reduce poverty.
(4) 　　　　　　　　　　（為了） promote the development of this region，the head signed the agreement.
(5)They 　　　　　　　　　　（不遺余力）to finish the duty.
(6)With the help of the map we found the gallery 　　　　　　　　（毫不費力）.
to achieve
through
are making efforts
In an effort to
spared no effort
without effort
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars ...毫無
疑問，人類被火星所吸引，……
同位語從句
There is no doubt that... 是一個固定句型，that 引導同位語從句，解釋說明 doubt 的具體內容。在復合句中充當同位語成分的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般由 that，wh- 類連接詞引導，常放在 doubt，fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，thought等抽象名詞后，解釋說明該名詞的具體內容。
The news that our team has won the game is true.
I have no idea where they’ve gone.
◆單句語法填空
(1) The manager put forward a suggestion 　　　　　we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
(2) ［2018· 天 津 卷］ The possibility 　　　　　there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
(3) I have no idea 　　　　　the cell phone isn’t working，so could you fix it for me
(4) There is no doubt 　　　　　the wooden chair is much stronger than the plastic one you bought yesterday.
that
that
why
that
Staying alive will be a daily challenge，but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment，not impossible .活著將會成為一個日常挑戰， 但正如
“生物圈2 號”實驗所證明的， 這也并非完全不可能。
as 引導定語從句
（1）as 引導定語從句時，as 可以指代一個詞或短語，但更為常見的是指代整個主句。
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed to beforehand.
To shut your eyes to facts，as many of you do，is foolish.
She is late，as is often the case.
as 引導定語從句
（2）as 引導非限制性定語從句時，as 意為“正如，正像”。通常有以下固定的表達：
as we all know 正如大家所知 as I can remember 正如我所記得的
as often happens 正如經常發生的 as you see 如你所見
as has been said before 如前所述 as is well-known 眾所周知
as was expected 正如預料的那樣 as is often the case 情況常常如此
（3）當主句的先行詞被 the same，such，so 等修飾時，要用 as 引導定語從句，as 在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday.
I never heard such stories as he told.
He’s never written again so good a book as his first one.
◆單句語法填空
(1)　　　　　is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
(2)A lot of language learning，　　　　　has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
(3) “You can’t judge a book by its cover，” 　　　　　the old saying goes.
(4)This is the same material 　　　　　is used in building the bridge.
(5) Such books 　　　　　I have read are classical works.
(6) The teacher gave us such a difficult question　　　　　no one could work out.
◆完成句子
(7) 沒有簡單的答案，在科學上情況通常是這樣。
There is no simple answer，　　　　　　　　　　in science.
(8) 眾所周知，月球每個月繞地球一周。
　　　　　　　　　 ，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
(9) 正如報道的那樣，清華大學建校已有 100多年的歷史。
　　　　　　　　　　，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
As
as
as
as
as
as
as is often the case
As is known to everybody
As is reported
It consisted of a closed space in which people，animals and plants could live together.它包括一個封閉的空間,人、 動物和植物可以生活在一起 。
consist of 由……構成 / 組成（不用于進行時態和被動語態）
【用法比較】
The book consists of nineteen chapters.
=The book is made up of nineteen chapters.
這本書共有 19 章。
【歸納拓展】
consist in 在于，存在于　
be consistent with 與……一致
◆完成句子
(1) The scientific research team 　　　　　　 　　（由……組成）ten experts from different provinces.=Ten experts from different provinces 　　　　　　（組成） the scientific research team.
◆單句語法填空
(2) Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behaviour
　　　　　（consist） of hearing，understanding and remembering.
(3) The beauty of the city consists 　　　　　its magnificent buildings.
(4)The results are entirely 　　　　　（consist）with our earlier research.
consists of/is made up of
consisting
in
make up
consistent
More recently， scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.最近， 科學家們成功地在類似火星的環境中種植了各種各樣的植物。
succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事
【單詞積累】
（1）succeed v. 成功；接替；繼承
succeed sb. as 接替某人擔任…… succeed to sth. 繼承某物
I’m certain that David is to succeed him as chairman.
The young man will succeed to his father’s wealth.
（2）success n. ［U］成功；［C］成功的人（或事）→ successful adj. 成功的→ successfully adv. 成功地
◆完成句子
(1)I never thought such a little child could 　　　　　　　　　　（成功地處理）such a difficult problem.
(2) Li Ming studied very hard. As a result，he　　　　　　　　　（成功通過）the college entrance examination.
(3)Who do you think will　　　　　　　（繼承） Mr Li’s company
◆單句語法填空
(4) After succeeding to his father’s company 　　　president，he succeeded in 　　　　（make）the company more successful，which helped to make him 　　　big success.
succeed in dealing with
succeeded in passing
succeed to
as
making
a
Writing a survival story
Read the story and answer the questions.
Where is the person in the story
What difficulties is he facing
The person in the story is on Mars.
He has to keep himself safe from the deadly radiation outside. And he is facing the lack of water, oxygen and food.
What has he already done to stay alive
What will he do next
He has resumed communication with the base.
He has discovered an underground ice deposit to get water, and produce oxygen with the water.
He will work out how to farm on Mars and grow plants with seeds.
Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
The problem the writer meets
The things that can help him to survive
The difficulties he is facing
Imagine you have to survive in a dangerous place. Plan your story by answering the questions.
What are the dangers (eg animals, the cold, no air)
Where is the dangerous place (eg Antarctica, space, the jungle)
How do you feel (eg confident, anxious, optimistic)
How do you manage to survive (eg catch fish, melt snow, make a fire)
【審題定調】
本寫作任務要求寫一篇求生故事，屬于記敘文的范疇。講述故事，就是要通過完整的情節和生動形象的語言，使讀者在享受故事情節的同時，有所感、有所悟。寫作時應注意：
1. 可以按照時間的先后順序展開，也可以采用倒敘或插敘的手法進行寫作；
2. 故事的開頭要交代故事發生的時間、地點、人物及背景。具體內容可根據實際情況進行適當調整；
3. 在講述故事的經過時，條理要清晰、重點應突出，同時語言要準確、生動；
4. 故事的結尾要簡潔明了，既在意料之外，又在情理之中，這樣才可以給讀者留下深刻的印象。
本寫作人稱主要用第一人稱。時態主要用一般過去時。
【謀篇布局】
本寫作可分為三部分：
第一部分：故事發生的背景；
第二部分：故事的經過（可穿插你的感受）；
第三部分：故事的結局。
故事背景:
Last week I went for a(n) ...
Yesterday, I took part in ...
Last Friday I went ... with ...
On ... I decided to go for a(n) ... in ...
When I was on a trip to ... with ..., I ...
故事經過：
I got lost in ...
I was separated from others.
I found myself standing alone in the middle of ...
I tried to find ... but failed.
Realising that there was no ..., I felt despairing.
Problems arose on the third day.
I managed to find ... to supply energy.
I built a simple tent with some branches to keep myself warm.
I had to watch out for ... when I ...
I felt very nervous / anxious / worried ...
I walked along ... trying to find my way out.
I was confident that I could survive.
故事結局：
Finally, I was saved / rescued by ...
After walking non-stop for ... hours, I luckily got out of ... though exhausted.
Just when I was about to lose hope, I saw ...
In the end, a group of rescuers found me and ...
This is really an unforgettable experience, from which I've realised ...
What an Adventure!
It’s been three days since I got separated from the other team members. We went hiking together on Monday, but became separated due to a heavy rainstorm. Without a compass, I lost direction, and now I am lost in dense jungle.
There are no roads at all, so I have to make my own way step by step. I have hurt both my hands quite badly from all the thorns—they are everywhere. To make things worse, I stumbled and sprained my ankle. The pain is killing me! Snakes, monkeys, insects and other animals appear from time to time. Yesterday, I heard the roar of a tiger from far away. I was terrified!
I rub sticks together to make a fire every night to keep myself warm and safe. It's really a difficult technique to master, and it takes me several frustrating and worrying attempts every evening. I have to remind myself to be calm and optimistic at every moment.
Food also worries me a lot. I've been eating berries to appease my hunger, but I have to be very careful to avoid anything poisonous.
Today I have some luck when I find a stream which I can follow. It gives me great hope. I’m confident that I can find my way out! This will have been the most memorable adventure of my life!
Presenting ideas
Read the passage and answer the questions.
The green lizards that lived in the lower branches and trunks of Florida’s trees found themselves in trouble when a tougher species, the brown lizards, were introduced from Cuba. Without enough food to go around, and under pressure from the new arrivals, the green lizards moved higher up the trees, where it is harder to keep a grip on the smoother branches. The green lizards adapted quickly over a relatively short time of 15 years, and now they have bigger pads on their toes and stickier scales to help them stay high in the trees—and well away from their troublesome neighbours!
Green lizards
Brown lizards
What happened to the green lizards What did they do to cope with it
What is the main message of the passage
They found themselves in trouble because a tougher species, the brown lizards, was introduced to the place where they lived. The green lizards moved higher up the trees and soon adapted to the new environment.
The main message is the survival of the fittest.
Work in groups. Find evidence to back up the main message and make notes. Do further research if necessary.
Evidence in nature:
——————————————————————————
Evidence in society:
——————————————————————————
Evidence in nature:
the giraffe’s neck gets longer and longer in order to eat the high leaves.
The seeds of dandelions are getting lighter and lighter, and the flowers are blowing in the wind to new places to give birth to new life.
Evidence in society:
To see further, humans began to walk upright.
When Confucius was in trouble in the states of Chen and Cai, he wrote Chunqiu.
Qu Yuan was exiled by King Huai, so he wrote Li Sao.
Talk about the main message in more detail and make notes.
What the message means to you:
Situations that you could apply this message to:
Examples:
Prepare a short presentation. Consider the following:
1. the structure of your presentation
2. useful words, expressions and structures
Give your presentation to the class.
Review language points.
Read the passage again and write a summary of the passage.
Finish your writing.
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