資源簡介

(共39張PPT)
Unit 2
Lessons
in life
Using language
Review: passive voice
BY MICHELLE
Grammar
01
A: The bird is eating worms.
B: How can you change the sentence into passive voice
A: Worms _______________ by the bird!
Look at the dialogue and complete the sentences.
are being eaten
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and match them to the reasons why the passive voice is used.
a On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe
illness, …
b … Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-
emotional thoughts and messages,…
c A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!
1 The subject is not known, is unimportant, or is “people in general” and
can be omitted.
2 The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action, not on the
subject of the sentence.
3 The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.
c
a
b
Now look for more sentences with the passive voice in the reading passage and talk about why it is used.
After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.
Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions.
The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication.
被動語態
英語中的語態分為主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者；被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。
以下幾種情況常用被動語態：
1) 不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者；
2) 為了強調動作的承受者；
3) 主語有較長的修飾語時；
4) 通知、公告，新聞報道和科技報道等。
常見的被動語態構成
1. 一般現在時：am / is / are +done
The books are found in the bag.
A cap is put in the bag.
2. 一般過去時： was / were +done
He was not happy because he was punished by his parents.
3. 一般將來時： will / be going to + be +done
The cars will be sent abroad by sea.
A new bridge is going to be built over the river.
4. 過去將來時：would be +done
He knew he would be punished for it.
常見的被動語態構成
5. 現在進行時： am / is / are + being +done
The clothes are being washed.
6. 過去進行時：was / were + being +done
They told me that the case was being investigated.
7. 現在完成時： have / has + been +done
His homework has not been finished.
8. 過去完成時： had + been +done
When I came in, the tickets had been sold out.
9. 含情態動詞的被動語態：情態動詞 + be +done
Your homework must be handed in after class.
☆被動語態除用“be +及物動詞-ed形式”構成外，還可用“get +及物動詞-ed形式”結構。常見的可與get連用的過去分詞有broken, burned, caught, drowned, drunk, fired, hurt, wounded, lost等。
I got badly burned by the sun yesterday.
The books seem to have got lost.
☆英語中有些不及物動詞可以表示被動意義。
1. 某些連系動詞，如smell, taste, sound, become, feel, seem等。
The flowers smell sweet.
These oranges taste good.
2. 某些可以和well, easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如write, read, wash,
clean, draw, burn, cook等。
My new pen writes well.
This floor cleans easily.
3. 某些與can’t, won’t等連用的不及物動詞，如move, lock, shut, open等。
The stone can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
☆某些及物動詞和短語動詞不用于被動語態，如cost, lack, fit, own, wish, belong to等。
The trip will cost you $1,000. (√)
You will be cost $1,000 by the trip. (×)
John Smith always lacks confidence. (√)
Confidence is always lacked by John Smith. (×)
☆含雙賓語的主動語態變為被動語態時，兩個賓語均可作被動語態中的主語。如果把主動句中的直接賓語(指物)變為被動句中的主語，則需在間接賓語(指人)前加適當的介詞to或for。
常接to的動詞有give, tell, lend, show, pass, hand等；
常接for的動詞有buy, get等。
Somebody gave Gina a present yesterday.
→Gina was given a present yesterday.
→A present was given to Gina yesterday.
Rewrite the paragraph using the passive voice where appropriate.
Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that history credits to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. People believe that he lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom. Each fable teaches a life lesson that Aesop summarises in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, children and adults all around the world still enjoy Aesop’s Fables.
The subject is unimportant and can be omitted.
The subject is “people in general” and can be omitted.
The focus of the sentences is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence.
The subject goes with lengthy expressions.
Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that is credited to Aesop , a Greek storyteller. It is believed that Aesop lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which were used to reflect human traits and wisdom by Aesop. Each fable teaches a life lesson that is summarised in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, Aesop’s Fables is still enjoyed by children and adults all around the world.
Look at the pictures and write the story from Aesop’s Fables. Use the passive voice where appropriate.
A little mouse was caught by a lion.
The mouse was let to go.
The lion was trapped by a net.
The lion was saved by the mouse.
One day a little mouse was caught by a lion. The lion wanted to eat the mouse, but the mouse said that he would help the lion someday, if he was let to go. The lion thought, “How can a great animal be helped by a little animal ” But the mouse was allowed to leave. Several days later, the lion was caught by a hunter’s net. The mouse bit the net with his strong teeth and helped the lion out. Thanks to the little mouse, the lion was saved and finally admitted that the strong could sometimes be helped by the weak.
Tell each other another fable you know and the lesson you have learnt from it. Use the passive voice where appropriate.
There was once a young Shepherd Boy who tended his sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark forest. It was rather lonely for him all day, so he thought upon a plan by which he could get a little company and some excitement. He rushed down towards the village calling out “Wolf, Wolf,” and the villagers came out to meet him, and some of them stopped with him for a considerable time. This pleased the boy so much that a few days afterwards he tried the same trick, and again the villagers came to his help.
But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come out from the forest, and began to worry the sheep, and the boy of course cried out “Wolf, Wolf,” still louder than before. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving them, and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf made a good meal off the boy’s flock, and when the boy complained, the wise man of the village said: “A liar will not be believed, even when he speaks the truth.”
Vocabulary
Building
02
Proverbs about life
Listen and complete the conversations.
1 A: Professor Brown, here’s my term paper. Sorry for the delay.
B: That’s OK. ______________________, right？
2 A: Maths is really killing me! I’m thinking of giving it up.
B: ___________________. You’ll never get your dream job as a market
analyst if you don’t stick to it.
3 A: If you want to loose weight, you need to stop eating junk food, and
you need to start exercising.
B: OK. I’ll start tomorrow… maybe.
A: Today. Not tomorrow.
________________________________________________________.
Better late than never
No pain, no gain
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today
5 A: With my brother’s help, I finally
completed my biology project!
B: Congratulations.
_____________________________.
6 A: I heard that Mary is going to invest
all her money in this programme.
B: That’s not wise. As people usually
say “ _____________________
____________________________”.
I’ll talk to her as soon as possible.
4 A: I’m glad you finally got
here.
B: My car had a flat tyre on
the way. Anyway,
____________________.
All’s well that ends well
Two heads are better than one
Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket
Match the proverbs in Activity 5 to their meaning.
1 _________________: you must face challenges in order to be successful.
2 ___________________________: it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else.
3 ___________________: doing something late is better than not doing it at all.
4 ______________________________________________: you should start things earlier rather than later.
5 __________________________________: do not put all your efforts or resources into doing one thing.
6 _______________________: problems don’t matter if the final result is good.
No pain, no gain.
Two heads are better than one.
Better late than ever.
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket.
All’s well that ends well.
Think of other proverbs about life. Can you find Chinese proverbs with similar meanings
Constant dropping wears the stone.
滴水穿石。
If a thing is worth doing it is worth doing well.
如果事情值得做，就值得做好。
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
無熱情成就不了偉業。
A bold attempt is half success.
勇敢的嘗試是成功的一半。
Good advice is beyond all price.
忠告是無價寶。
Pain past is pleasure.
過去的痛苦就是快樂。
Storms make trees take deeper roots.
風暴使樹木深深扎根。
The shortest answer is doing.
最簡單的回答就是干。
All things are difficult before they are easy.
凡事必先難后易。【放棄投機取巧的幻想。】
Good company on the road is the shortest cut.
行路有良伴就是捷徑。
Think of other situations to which these proverbs can be applied.
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today: My mother often tell me to sweep the floor. And I could find excuse to put it off until the next day. Now I know that saying “Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today”, and I won’t let it happen again.
Two heads are better than one: In my family, we often discuss problems together from daily issues to heatedly-discussed topics in the society. We think that “Two heads are better than one”.
Listening&
Speaking
03
Listen to the interview and choose the best headline.
1 University Fees Are No Barrier to Grandma!
2 Dream Comes True for Graduating Grandma
3 Janet Says: “Family first! That’s what matters!”
4 How the Student Experience Has Changed with the Centuries
Listen again and complete the notes.
Interview with Janet Rose
Age: 1______
First attended university in: 2__________________
Reason for leaving university: 3____________________________________________________________
Reason for going back to university:4_______________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Initial feelings on returning to university:
5____________________________________________________________
University major: 6__________________
Feelings on graduation: 7_________________________________________
Advice to others: 8______________________________________________
Future plans: 9_________________________________________________
81
1955
She took care of her ill mother and helped her father.
Her daughter suggested she go back to school five years ago and she jumped at the chance.
She felt a bit nervous at first and she felt so old.
American literature
She feels great.
You’re never too old to learn.
Starting a master’s degree in the fall.
Now work in pairs and talk about what you can learn from Janet’s story.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
I started... back in ...
After that I ...
But then five years ago ...
I felt... at first.
I suggest that ...
Remember, ...
I started... back in...
After that I...
But then five years ago...
I felt... at first...
Giving advice
I suggest that...
Remember,...
Talking about experiences
Work in pairs. Tell each other a story about yourself that can be summarised by a proverb in this section.
Now talk about how effectively you and your partner used your own experiences to illustrate your understanding of the proverbs.
Review passive voice.
Look at the picture. Write a short story about it. Try to use the passive voice in your writing.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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