資源簡介

(共40張PPT)
Unit 4
Everyday
economics
Using language
Review: attributive clauses
BY MICHELLE
Grammar
01
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a This is a place where roses grow wild.
b The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
1 What does “where” refer to in sentence (a)
2 What does “which” refer to in sentence (b)
3 Which sentence contains a clause with essential information about
the subject
4 Which sentence contains a clause with extra information about the
subject
Sentence (a).
Sentence (b).
Now look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
As someone who grow up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.
However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn.
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings.
For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.
Attributive Clauses 定語從句
定語的定義
他是一個有趣的老人。
他是一位來自美國的老人。
修飾限定名詞
翻譯為“…的”
定語的形式
interesting man
有趣的（形容詞）
woman teacher
女的（名詞）
a boy called Li Hua
一個叫李華（非謂語）
a girl from China
來自中國的（介詞短語）
定語從句的定義
He is an old man who sends gifts to children.
一個句子作定語，用來修飾名詞或代詞
先行詞
關系詞
定語從句
名詞或代詞
是一個不完整的句子
（缺成分）
關系詞
連接主句和從句
指代先行詞
在從句中充當成分
He is an old man who sends gifts to children.
關系詞
關系代詞
關系副詞
who
whom
whose
that
which
when where why
分類 關系詞 指代對象 在從句中的作用
關系代詞 who 指人 作主語、賓語、表語
whom 作賓語
whose 指人或物 作定語
that 作主語、表語或賓語
which 指物 作主語、賓語、表語、定語
as 作主語
關系副詞 when 指時間 作時間狀語
where 指地點 作地點狀語
why 指原因 作原因狀語
who whom whose
who/whom 先行詞是人。當先行詞在定語從句中做賓語時，引導詞省略。
whose 先行詞既可以是人也可以是物。whose在定語從句中做定語，表所屬關系。
He is the man who always comes first.
He is the man (whom) I find come in first.
He is the man whose son always comes first.
which that where
成分
which/that 關系代詞，在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。
where 關系副詞，在從句中充當地點狀語。
The place which/that lies in a valley, is a world away from any television.
The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television.
主語
謂語動詞happen的地點狀語
【注意】關系代詞that與which指物時常可互換，以下情況用that：
1. 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none等不定代詞或先行詞被only, few, little, no, all, every, very等詞修飾時。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop
I have read all the books that you gave me last month.
2. 當先行詞同時包括人和物時。
The writer and his novel that the teacher has just talked about are unknown to most students.
3. 當先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。
The first thing that we should do is to make a plan.
David is one of the most creative boys that I have ever known.
as which
which 可引導非限制性定語從句，which替代前面整個主句內容，而且從句必須放在主句后。
as 引導非限制性定語從句，as替代前面整個主句內容，從句既可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后。as：正如。
The boy is polite, which makes everyone happy.
As you can see, the boy is polite.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
As people say, “It takes a village to raise a child.”
which引導非限制性定語從句，which替代整個主句
as引導非限制性定語從句，as替代整個主句
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句區別
一、形式不同
限制性定語從句與先行詞關系密切，通常不用逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不密切，常用逗號隔開。
二、作用不同
限制性定語從句對先行詞進行修飾限制，去掉會造成句意不完整；非限制性定語從句對先行詞沒有限制詞義的作用，補充、解釋說明或對主句所表達的意義進行評述，去掉不會影響句意的完整。
Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity.
The driver, who was very young, had only just got his license.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句區別
三、先行詞不同
限制性定語從句的先行詞一般是名詞或代詞；非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是名詞或代詞, 也可以是主句的一部分或整個主句。
Things then improved, which surprised me.
四、關系詞不同
限制性定語從句可由that, why引導；非限制性定語從句通常不用它們引導；關系詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中通常不能省略。
There were few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury.
There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.
Have you found the book (that/which) you want
1. that引導的定語從句與它引導的名詞性從句在表意和功能上的區別。
I showed him the nice car that I rented yesterday.
我向他展示了我昨天租的那輛不錯的車。
It’s said that he rented a nice car yesterday.
據說他昨天租了一輛不錯的車。
2. when, where, why引導的定語從句與它們引導的狀語從句、名詞性從句在表意和功能上的區別。
I visited Mr and Mrs smith in New York in 2014 when their first child was born. 我在2014年拜訪了住在紐約的Smth夫婦, 那年他們的第一個孩子出生了。
I visited Mr and Mrs Smith in New York when their first child was born. 在Smth夫婦第一個孩子出生那年, 我在紐約拜訪了他們。
I visited Mr and Mrs Smith in New York. It was when their first child was born. 我拜訪了住在紐約的Smith夫婦。那年他們的第一個孩子出生了。
3. 定語從句與非謂語動詞結構在表意和功能上的異同以及兩者之間的轉換。
In the museum I saw an old book that was published in the 17th century.
=In the museum I saw an old book published in the 17th century.
我在博物館里看見了一本17世紀出版的舊書。
定義 用作定語的從句 類型 限制性 定語從句 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意義不完整或失去意義。
非限制性 定語從句 對主句所描述的人或物提供附加情況，補充說明作用；如省去，主句意義仍完整。
關系詞 關系代詞 that, which, who, whom, whose, as等
關系副詞 when, where, why等
從括號內選擇合適的關系詞完成下列句子。
1. By 16:30, ________ (which, when) was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ (whom, whose) help I would never have got this far.
3. A bank is the place ________ (where, that) they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
4. At the height of China’s COVID-19 outbreak, in February alone, Taobao was the platform ________ (who, which) saw the largest number of live-streaming sales.
5. Li Jiaqi is a social-media salesman ________ (who, which) once sold 15,000 lipstick tubes in just five minutes through live-streaming.
which
whose
where
which
who
用適當關系詞將兩個句子合并為含有定語從句的復合句。
1. The children don’t like the books.
I borrowed them from the library yesterday.
The children don’t like the books (that/which) I borrowed from the library yesterday.
2. The boys were in danger.
The firemen have saved them.
The firemen have saved the boys who/that were in danger.
3. This is the nurse.
I have mentioned her just now.
This is the nurse (whom/who/that) I have mentioned just now.
Read the passage and rewrite the underlined sentences using attributive clauses.
Good Deal is a local movement in some countries. It works to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce. Good Deal products may be a little more expensive than regular products, but up to one-third of the sale price will be given back to the producers. This is more than they could get under the conventional trading system.
The movement has proven popular among young people, and they want to help producers get the payment they deserve. They have no problem spending a bit more on Good Deal products, believing that their purchasing of these products will help improve local people’s welfare.
However, some people are less optimistic, and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement.
Good Deal is a local movement in some countries(,) which works to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce.
The movement has proven popular among young people who want to help producers get the payment they deserve.
However, some people who are less optimistic argue that it discriminates against producers who are not part of the Good Deal movement
Read the profile and write an introduction to a Good Deal product using attributive clauses where appropriate.
Price:
$25 per kg
Origin:
grown on the Green Equator Estate
Special features:
100% organic
superior, smooth blend, with mild flavor
less than one calorie per cup
Good Deal guarantee:
one-third of the sale price returned to local producers
Green Equator Coffee is a Good Deal product, which sells at...
Green Equator Coffee is a Good Deal product, which sells at the price of $25 per kg. It is grown on the Green Equator Estate, whose coffee is 100% organic. It is a superior, smooth blend with a mild flavor, which has less than one calorie per cup. The product is sold under the Good Deal guarantee, which promises that one-third of the sale price will be returned to local producers.
Write an introduction to something you have bought recently using attributive clauses where appropriate.
the object
shape
color
place of origin
function
price
place to buy it
who usually use it
Listening&
Speaking
02
Social credit
Credit or the offering of money loans for repayment has existed since the Bronze Age for most of this history. Lenders relied mainly on their judgement when deciding whether or not a borrower was creditworthy. With the development of information technology and data analysis, more and more countries are building their own credit systems with objective credit rating methods. People’s activities such as credit card payments, loan payments, etc, are recorded and scored, and will affect their future creditworthiness.
Did You Know ？
What is credit
How is a peson’s creditworthiness judged in different times
What activities will affect a person’s future creditworthiness
Credit means the offering of money loans for repayment, or the status of being trusted to pay back money to the lenders.
In the past, a peson’s creditworthiness mainly relied on the lenders’ subjective judgement. At present, it is judged according to objective credit rating methods.
People’s activities such as credit card payments, loan payments, etc, will affect their future creditworthiness.
Listen to the conversation and choose the topics discussed.
The tips to book a good hotel.
The importance of being creditworthy.
The origin of the credit system.
The benefits of a social credit system.
The cost of having a bad social credit record.
Listen again and complete the paragraph.
Wang Lin
I have been 1 _____________________ on time, returning books to the library 2 _________________
____________. and using 3____________________ properly. As a reward, we didn’t have to pay a deposit when 4 _________________________ during our trip to Hangzhou. The hotel is very nice, and it’s quite near the West Lake. This is just one of the many benefits of the social credit system which enables 5 _________________________________ to enjoy a more convenient life 6 _______________.
paying credit card bills
in good condition without delay
the shared bicycles
we checked in at a hotel
people with good social credit
at a low cost
Now answer the questions.
What was the man prohibited from doing and why
What restrictions are mentioned that are caused by a bad social credit record
What could the social credit system contribute to
He was prohibited from renting an expensive car because the credit system showed that he’s a laolai.
Apart from renting expensive cars, they may also find it hard to buy
flight tickets or tickets for high-speed rail services, among other things.
The social credit system is an encouragement to those who can be relied on to do the right thing, and the system is an effective way to build a friendly, honest and safe society.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
How did that happen
What’s that
Could you tell me more about it
Let me explain.
It enables...
How is that so
What does that mean
It means...
It’s definitely an encouragement to...
...an effective way to...
Asking for clarification
Clarifying
Stating advantages
How did that happen
What’s that
Could you tell me more about it
How is that so
What does that mean
Let me explain.
It means...
It enables.
It’s definitely an encouragement to...
...an effective way to...
Vocabulary
Building
03
Read the leaflet and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
What suggestions are given to help students save money
What do you need to pay attention to when spending money
What do you need to bear in mind when making extra money
Find the banking services that meet your needs and will help you save money. Save a small amount each week from now on, and increase it each month.
Be careful when opening your first credit card account. Look for a card with good benefits and no annual fees. Always make payments on time. Make rational spending choices and never exceed your agreed credit limit. Avoid luxuries so that you don’t go into debt.
Make sure it doesn’t interfere with your studies, and pay any tax as required by law.
Match the words and expressions in Activity 8 to their meanings.
1 ____________: the amount of money needed or available for certain purposes
2 _______________: to have enough money to buy what you need to live
3 ____________: to be out of debt or financial difficulty
4 ____________: money paid to the government, usually a percentage of personal income or of the cost of goods
5 _______________: to accumulate the quality of being creditworthy
6 __________________: the maximum amount of money that may be borrowed under a credit arrangement
7 ____________: to get into the state of owing money
8 ____________: costs automatically charged once a year to your credit card account
9 ____________: the amount of money charged by a bank when you borrow money, or paid to you when you keep money in an account
budget
make ends meet
stay afloat
tax
buliding credit
agreed credit limit
go into debt
annual fee
interest
Now think about other words and expressions associated with managing personal finances.
Exceed agreed credit limit
Make rational spending choices
Pay tax
Pay annual fees
Budget
Build credit
Make ends meet
Save money
Over budget
Within budget
Pocket money
Do part-time jobs
Deposit money in the bank
Interest
Stay afloat
Go into debt
Personal finance management
Give suggestions on how to manage your finances and maintain a good social credit record using the words and expressions in this section.
Available expressions:
Always spend within budgets so as to make ends meet.
Spending less than what you have is an effective way to avoid getting into debt.
Do part-time jobs to make some extra money and save pocket money for a rainy day.
When borrowing books from the library, remember to return them in good condition without delay.
Use shared bikes or power banks properly.
……
Review attributive clauses.
Make up sentences with attributive clauses to express your idea of using money in your daily life.
THANKS FOR WATCHING

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