資源簡介

(共25張PPT)
Unit 3
Discovering Useful Structure
Present Perfect Passive Voice
Talk about something that has been done
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb forms.
Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life.
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
The students have cleaned the classroom.
The classroom has been cleaned. You needn’t clean it now.
現(xiàn)在完成時
active
passive
表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結(jié)果，主語是動作的承受者。
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
肯定式： S+have/has+V-過去分詞(done)
否定式： S+have/has+not+V-過去分詞...
一般問句： Have/Has+S+V-過去分詞...
特殊疑問句： 疑問詞+have/has+S+V-過去分詞...
現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
the buildings,
destroy,
earthquake
The buildings have been destroyed by the earthquake.
Look at the pictures, first list some key words, then make up sentences using the present perfect passive voice.
machine
replace
computer
The machine has been replaced by the computer.
in our city,
a new bridge, build
A new bridge has been built in our city.
肯定形式：
His homework has been finished.
否定形式：
His homework has not been finished.
一般疑問句:
Has his homework been finished yet
特殊疑問句：
How long has his homework been finished
主語+have/has been done...
主語+have/has not been done...
have/has+主語+been done...
疑問詞+have/has+主語+been done...
結(jié)構(gòu)形式
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
用法
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，主語和謂語之間為被動關系，通常與already, yet, just, never, recently等副詞連用。例：The machine has already been repaired.
2. 表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用，或用于“How long... ”句型中。
例：Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
How long has this film been shown
3. 用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。
例：You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
注意
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)及一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別
The machine has been repaired.（說明動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，“現(xiàn)在修好了”）
The machine is being repaired now.（說明動作正在進行）
The machine was repaired yesterday.（只說明動作發(fā)生在過去）
2. 非延續(xù)性動詞，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。
例：工程已開始三個月了。
The project has been started for three months.（F）
The project has been on for three months.（T）
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
提示
常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：
already 已經(jīng) yet 已經(jīng)
recently/lately 最近 since then 從那時起
ever since 自那以來 ever 曾經(jīng)
so far 迄今為止 by now 到現(xiàn)在為止
for a long time 很長一段時間
in recent years 在最近幾年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在過去的幾年里
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
You have slain an enemy.
Your team has destroyed the turret.
slay – slew - slain
have/ has done
have/ has been done
An ally has been slain.
An enemy has been slain.
You have been slain.
Your turret has been destroyed.
現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
防御塔
殺死
敵人
盟友
slay-slain-slain
思考：什么時候用被動語態(tài)
語態(tài)用來表示主語與謂語之間的關系，它是動詞的一種形式。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。
不知道動作的執(zhí)行者
沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者
強調(diào)動作的承受者
Present perfect passive voice
1. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
2. People’s lives have been changed by online communities and social
networks.
3. Many people have been helped by the club.
4. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
5. The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.
6. Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
7. Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
8. An identity card has been lost.
思考：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有什么意義？
Present perfect passive voice
主語和謂語是被動的關系：
表示動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還會繼續(xù)進行
動作已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
例句 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)句式
The research has been done successfully.
The author’s new story has not been published.
Has his washing machine been repaired
Who has been invited
肯定式：have / has been done
否定式：have / has not been done
一般疑問句：把have / has提到主語的前面
特殊疑問句：
特殊疑問詞 + have / has been done
Present perfect passive voice
總 結(jié)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)強調(diào)一個發(fā)生在過去的被動性的動作，動作已完成并強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，主語和謂語之間為被動關系。
例：
The door has already been locked.
門早已經(jīng)被鎖上了。
I have been employed at the job since 2015.
自從2015年，我就做這份工作。
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
總 結(jié)
2．基本構(gòu)成：has/have been done。
其他句式：
肯定式 主語＋have/has been done...
否定式 主語＋have/has not been done...
一般疑問式 Have/Has＋主語＋been done...
特殊疑問式 特殊疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋been done...
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
總 結(jié)
現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)
只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。
例：Tom has sold out all the magazines. → All the magazines have been sold out by Tom.
帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前面要用相應的介詞。
We have given him the book.
→ He has been given the book.
→ The book has been given to him.
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
總 結(jié)
帶有復合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。
例：After decorating the Amber Room with jewels, the artists have made it more splendid.
→ After being decorated with jewels, the Amber Room has been made more splendid.
注意：帶有復合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，若賓語補足語為省略to的不定式充當時，在被動語態(tài)中需將省掉的to加上。
例：The boss has made his company offer more chances for people to work.
→ His company has been made to offer more chances for people to work.
動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動語態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。
例：It’s said that the problem has been looked into.
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
1. Both learning sites ___________________ (visit) by over 10,000
people since last year.
2. Great changes ___________________ (take place) in my
hometown and a lot of factories _________________ (set up).
3. This keyboard ____________________ (not use) for a long time.
即學即練
have been visited
have taken place
have been set up
has not been used
Present perfect passive voice
4. In the past few years, I __________________ (inspire) to
buy e-books instead of paper books.
5. Till now, three films _______________ (show) in that
small village this month.
have been inspired
have been shown
即學即練
Present perfect passive voice
1. The building has set up for several years.
2. The windows have been broke.
3. A terrible thing has been happened to her.
4. Jim has caught by the police.
been
broken
been
Present perfect passive voice
改錯：
即學即練
1. 用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)改寫、翻譯句子
①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
Jack ___________________________ by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
A good place to build a temple in the village ___________________ .
③We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
How to solve that difficult technological problem ___________________ yet.
④當我的家庭作業(yè)完成時我就回家。
I will go home when my homework _________________.
⑤紙幣已被使用了1000多年了。
Paper money _________________ for over one thousand years．
has always been praised
hasn’t been decided
has been found
鞏固強化
has been finished
has been used
2. 將下面句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)
①I have asked her to help you．
→________________________________________________________
②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years．
→________________________________________________________
③He has sent me an e mail．
→________________________________________________________
→________________________________________________________
She has been asked by me to help you.
Many trees have been planted on the hill by us in the last 5 years.
I have been sent an e-mail by him.
An e-mail has been sent to me by him.
鞏固強化
Thank you!

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