資源簡介

(共33張PPT)
1
實義動詞
一、動詞的過去式和過去分詞
情況 過去式/過去分詞 現在分詞 例子
一般情況 加ed 加ing talked, talking
以e結尾 加d 去e加ing loved,loving
以輔音字母加y結尾 變y為i加ed 加ing studied,studying
重讀閉音節(jié)+輔音字母 雙寫輔音字母加ed 雙寫輔音字母加ing planned,planning
二、動詞的三單形式
情況 三單形式 例子
一般情況 加s runs
以s/sh/ch/x/o結尾 加es goes, passes
以輔音字母加y結尾 變y為i加es studies
三、行為動詞
行為動詞也叫實義動詞，有完整的詞義，能獨立作謂語。
根據動詞后是否可以直接跟賓語，行為動詞可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。
及物動詞：后面要接賓語；可以用于被動語態(tài)。
不及物動詞：其后不跟賓語；不能用于被動語態(tài)。
及物動詞：
Euclid was trying to convey his idea of a geometrical point.
Note: 及物動詞后接賓語時，有些可以跟兩個賓語，可以接雙賓語動詞有give, tell, teach, write, buy, bring, hand, lend, pass, send等。
后面不用接介詞
不及物動詞：
Smog appeared on the horizon.
Can you depend on her version of what happened
有些動詞可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞：
The coat will not stand（承受） much rain.
She stood（站） by the window and smiled at me.
常見動詞：answer, ask, begin, borrow, break, burn, change, choose, climb, close, continue, drop, end, enter, fail, fill, fly, grow, help, hurt, hurry, jump, know, leave, meet, move, obey, open, pull, read, ring, see, sell, shake, shut, spread, start, turn, understand, walk, wash, watch, widen, win等。
后面需要接介詞
2
連系動詞
一、連系動詞
不能單獨作謂語，后面常跟形容詞做表語構成系表結構表達完整的意義。
Review:系動詞
（1）be動詞：am，is，are，was，were
（2）感官動詞：look，smell，sound，taste，feel
（3）變化動詞：become，get，go，grow，turn （+adj. 譯為“變得”）
（4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj. 譯為“保持”）
（5）無實義動詞：seem，prove，appear（+adj. 無實際含義，功能類比be動詞,“是”）
二、系表結構
1.連系動詞+形容詞
這種結構最為常見。這種結構中常用的連系動詞有：become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, make, remain, sound, smell, stay, taste, turn, go等。
The company went broke last year.
2.連系動詞+名詞
這種結構中常用的連系動詞有：be, become, draw, live, look, make, play, prove, remain, return, seem等。
Her dream has now become a reality.
3.連系動詞+分詞
這種結構中常用的連系動詞有：appear, become, come, feel, get, grow, look, prove, remain, seem, stand等。
Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.
4.連系動詞+介詞短語
這種結構中常用的連系動詞有：come, continue, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stand等。
Milk only keeps for a few days.
5.連系動詞+不定式
可根據情況自由地接不定式；一般情況下常用這種結構的有：seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come等。
My dream is to be a doctor.
1. It never to Maria that she would get promoted in such a short period of time.
A. hit B.occured C. struck D. happened
2.It was well after midnight when Anne the hotel.
A. reached B. arrived C. got D. headed
3. Facing danger, he always calm.
A. looks B. remains C. seems D. appears
B
A
B
4. My teacher’s voice _____ sweet. We all like her songs.
A.feels B. smells C. looks D. sounds
5. On hearing the news, his face red with anger
A.turned B. sounded C. go D. gets
6. His voice____ as if he has a cold.　　
A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems
7. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark.　　
A. going B. getting C. running D. coming
D
A
A
B
3
情態(tài)動詞
一、定義
情態(tài)動詞：主要用于表明說話者對某一行為的態(tài)度和觀點，包括能力、可能、義務、必要、允諾、猜測等，不能單獨作謂語，必須和動詞原形一起構成謂語
二、特點
情態(tài)動詞過去式比原形委婉
must （語氣最強）表義務“一定，必須”，這在說話人主觀看來是沒有選擇余地的 可用have to或have got to來代替，但have to或have got to強調客觀，有“不得不，只好”的意思 You must study hard.
主觀認為
You have to study hard.
客觀必須
表推測，表示“一定（是）······” She must be James girlfriend.
can 表能力，“能，能夠” 注：be able to也是表示能力，但是強調的是具體的能力，而can表示理論上的能力 She can dance.
They were able to carry the flag to victory.
表推測，用于否定句和疑問句中，“肯定不是......”，“不可能......” She cannot be Toms mother.
表許可，“可以” Can I sit here
could （語氣緩和）can的過去式，“能夠” I could do it.
表委婉地提出問題或表明看法 Could you pass me your passport
表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的情緒 Who could have taken them away
表示“可能、可能會” We could all be millionaires one day.
can和could固定搭配：
（1）cannot help but do=have to do不得不
She can’t help but tell me the truth.
（2）cannot help doing 禁不住
Hearing that humorous story, they can’t help laughing.
（3）can’t wait to do迫不及待
Tony can’t wait to enter the concert.
（4）cannot...too/over 再......也不過分，越......越好
You can’t be too careful when driving.
should 表義務，“應該” I should ask him first.
表必然性推測，“估計，定然” She should be here in a minute.
would 表推測，“可能” He would bring good news.
表請求，用于疑問句“可以......嗎？” Would you lend me your pen
表過去的意愿 I asked him if he would help me with my writing.
表過去的意圖 He would see her the next day, so he didn't write to her.
may 表可能，（可能性小）“可能” She may have left.
表許可，意為“可以”，一般用于疑問句和否定句 May I help you
May I use your cellphone
might 表可能（可能性更小） He might still be waiting at the door.
詢問建議，語氣更緩和 Might I read your paper
ought to 可以用should代替，表示“應該......”（語氣上沒有那么堅定） They ought to attend the meeting.
dare 意為“敢”，既可以為情態(tài)動詞，也可以作為實義動詞 She dares not go by herself.（情態(tài)）
Does she dare to go by herself （實義）
need 既可以作情態(tài)動詞，也可以作實義動詞；作情態(tài)動詞時，表“需要” You needn't worry about it because it is not your fault.
情態(tài)動詞的否定形式，直接在情態(tài)動詞后加not。
1. “She must be in the dormitory now.” “No, she be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.”
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
2. “You borrow my notes provided you take care of them.” I told my friend.
A. could B. should C. must D. can
3. You clean the classroom, but you do so at once.
A. need, need B. must, must C. needn’t, must D. must, needn’t
4. Since the weather is fine we walk for a while.
A. may B. must C. might as well D. will
B
D
D
C
5. We promised them to there by six. Now it’s six thirty already, and they for us impatiently.
A. wait B. had waited C. should wait D. must be waiting
6. I can’t help but the fact that he is a talented football player.
A. to admit B. admit C. admitting D. admitted
7.-Could you help me repair my computer
-Sorry, I help you. I’m busy with my homework.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
D
B
C
8. I promise you that we shall get you a decent job soon.
A. be able to B. able to C. might as well D. can able to
A
（重點）情態(tài)動詞+have done：
①must have done “肯定做過”
He didn’t come to work yesterday. He must have been ill.
②can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做過
Billy is an honest man. He can’t/couldn’t have stolen the money.
③may/might have done “可能做過”
There is a traffic accident. Someone may/might have been injured.
④could have done “本可以做到”（事實上沒有做到）
He could have passed the exam, but he didn’t go over his lessons.
⑤should/ought to have done “本應該做過”（事實上沒做過）
You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.
⑥needn’t have done “本不必要做”（事實上做了）
You needn’t have woken me up so early, for today is Sunday.
⑦didn’t need to do“本不必要做”（事實上也沒去做）
I didn’t need to do the washing-up. My mom did it.
1. He the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.
A. couldn’t have caught B. ought to have caught
C. shouldn’t have caught D. must not have caught
2.We came early and had to wait two hours before the ceremony began. We .
A. need not hurry B. needn’t have hurried
C. should not hurry D. can’t have hurried
3. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.
A. ought to drive B. oughtn’t to drive
C.ought to have driven D.oughtn’t to have driven
A
B
D
4. From what you said, she you all about it.
A. must tell B. must be telling C. tells D. must have told
D
4
助動詞
一、定義
本身沒有實際意義，不能單獨做謂語，主要幫助實意動詞構成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、否定句和疑問句等。
二、分類
be類：am, is, are, was, were, being, been
do類：do, does, did
have類：have, has, had
will類：will, shall
三、助動詞功能
①幫助行為動詞構成否定句和疑問句。
She doesn't work here, does she
②幫助行為動詞構成各種時態(tài)。
Matter is constantly changing and moving.
③幫助行為動詞構成被動語態(tài)。
The topic was discussed in detail during the meeting.
④幫助動詞構成各種語氣。
Don't be afraid of making mistakes.

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