資源簡介

(共48張PPT)
Period Ⅳ　Using Language & Other Parts of the Unit
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
聽力 微技能
研讀 教材原文
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1
2
4
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夯實 語言基礎
3
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精析 核心要點
1
聽力 微技能
聽順序詞
當人們談到按時間順序發生的一系列動作或事件時，他們常常用一些特定的詞或者短語，使說話內容邏輯流暢，條理清晰。
常見順序詞：
1.First(ly)，...　第一，……
2.Second(ly)，... 第二，……
3.Third(ly)，... 第三，……
4.First of all，... 首先，……
5.In the end/At last，... 最后，……
6.It began when... 它開始于……
7.Meanwhile... 同時……
8.At that time... 在那時；當時……
9.Later... 以后……
10.Finally，... 最后，……
11.Then/After that/Afterwards/Next/Later on... 然后/稍后……
【典題印證】　How long did Allsopp spend on his second swim across the English Channel
A.17 hours and 51 minutes.
B.15 hours and 59 minutes.
C.16 hours and 55 minutes.
[聽力原文]
Roger Allsopp，the British 70－year－old grandfather，swam the English Channel by crossing from Dover to Calais in less than 18 hours in 2011.He set a new Guinness World Record for the oldest person in history to swim the Channel.Allsopp started his swim at Shakespeare Beach in Dover on Tuesday evening and reached the beach at Cap Gris－Nez，France，on Wednesday morning.He swam 34 kilometers in 17 hours and 51 minutes.This is not the first time he has done it.Allsopp first swam the Channel in 2006.
Allsopp is now resting and recovering from the tiring swim in Dover.“My body has told me not to do anything like this again，” he said.
Allsopp，a grandfather of three，lives on the island of Guernsey.Although he is 70 years 4 months old，he has been working to beat the previous record held by a retired captain.The captain swam the Channel in August 2004，at the age of 70 years and four days，in 15 hours and 59 minutes.
[解題思路]　A　[根據“He swam 34 kilometers in 17 hours and 51 minutes.This is not the first time he has done it.Allsopp first swam the Channel in 2006.”可知答案為A。]
2
研讀 教材原文
Step Ⅰ　Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What’s the main idea of the text
A.The importance of sea exploration.
B.The disadvantages of sea exploration.
C.The pros and cons of sea exploration.
D.The advantages of sea exploration.
√
√
2.How does the first author support his topic
A.By listing facts.
B.By giving examples.
C.By doing comparisons.
D.By analyzing problems.
√
3.What is the meaning of “negative cycle” in the third paragraph of Text 1
A.An incomplete link.
B.One trouble leads to another that worsens the first.
C.A damaged item.
D.An idea that is not positive.
4.What’s the first author’s attitude to sea exploration
A.Indifferent. B.Supportive.
C.Opposed. D.Doubtful.
√
√
5.What’s the structure of Text 1
(Ⅱ)Fill in the blanks according to the text.
problems
pollution
Mining
Overfishing
protect
important
take action
resources
new resoures
economic needs
Step Ⅱ　Read for beautiful sentences
(Ⅰ)What words are used to help to explain the evidence？Then try to find these sentences.
_____________________________________________________________________
although/though，for example，of course，also，because of，another，...
Sentences：
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
4.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.___________________________________________________________________
Plastic pollution is also bad...
Because of climate change，there is less ice now...
Overfishing is another problem.
Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these...
For example，scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change.
Of course，there are still environmental risks.
(Ⅱ)Find out the expressions that prove the negative side.
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________________________
5.___________________________________________________________________
6.___________________________________________________________________
...cause many problems；
...is also bad；
...is very damaging；
...negative cycle；
...is another problem；
...without mercy.
(Ⅲ)Find out the expressions that prove the positive side.
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________________________
5.___________________________________________________________________
...help address important issues；
...more research is necessary；
...help us manage its resources better；
...help us discover new medicines；
...help us to predict events.
(Ⅳ)Can you think of more expressions that show agreement or disagreement
Expressions that show agreement：
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________________________
5.___________________________________________________________________
...agree that...
...approve of the idea that...
Supporters think that...
...are for the idea that...
...support sth
Expressions that show disagreement：
6.___________________________________________________________________
7.___________________________________________________________________
8.___________________________________________________________________
9.___________________________________________________________________
10.__________________________________________________________________
...disagree that...
...disapprove of the idea that...
Opponents think that...
...are against the idea that...
...oppose sth/be opposed to sth/object to sth
3
夯實 語言基礎
Ⅰ.寫作單詞——記其形
1.____________ adv.與此同時；(比較兩方面)對比之下
2.____________ vt.開發；利用；剝削
3.____________ vt.把……載入正式記錄；記錄 n.正式記錄；日志；原木
4.____________ n.逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止
meanwhile
exploit
log
arrest
Ⅱ.閱讀單詞——知其意
1.directory n.　 ______________________________________________
2.gallon n. ________________________________________
3.marine adj. ____________________________
名錄；電話號碼簿；(計算機文件或程序的)目錄
加侖(容積單位，1英制加侖約等于4.5升)
海的； 海產的； 海生的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——通其變
1.migrate vi.移動；移居；遷徙
____________ n.遷移；遷徙；移居
2.murder vt.謀殺；兇殺；毀壞 n.謀殺；兇殺
____________ n.殺人犯；兇手
3.mercy n.仁慈；寬恕；恩惠
____________ adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的
4.possess vt.擁有；具有；支配
____________ n.(usually pl.)個人財產；擁有；控制
migration
murderer
merciful
possession
5.oppose vt.反對；抵制；與……對壘
____________ n.反對者；對手；競爭者
____________ adj.反對的；截然不同的
opponent
opposed
Ⅳ.必備短語——英漢譯
1.________________區分；分辨
2.________________給……照相
3.________________意味著做某事
4.________________是……的家園
5.________________采取行動
6.________________大量的
tell apart
take a picture of
mean doing sth
be home to...
take action
vast amounts of
7.spill...into 　　　　　 ________________
8.hunt for ________________
9.without mercy _____________________
10.log new species ________________
11.have more options ________________
使……流入
搜尋，尋找
殘忍地；毫不留情地
記錄新物種
有更多選擇
Ⅴ.常用句型——會仿寫
1.句型公式：現在分詞短語作結果狀語
[原句]　Plastic pollution is also bad，killing many birds and fish，and has even been found in our tap water.
塑料污染也很嚴重，殺死了很多鳥和魚，甚至在我們的自來水中也發現了塑料污染。
仿寫:大量使用手機實際上擴大了青少年與長輩之間的距離,讓長輩更加孤獨。
Heavy use of cellphones actually widens the distance between teenagers and their elders，____________________________________________________.
leaving the elders more lonely
2.句型公式：so that引導目的狀語從句
[原句]　We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.
我們需要了解我們的星球正在發生什么，這樣我們才能采取行動。
仿寫：令人驚訝的是，他們沒有設法種植方形的，這樣他們就可以輕松地包裝它們。
It’s a surprise that they haven’t managed to grow square ones
________________________________________________.(2023·全國甲卷)
so that they can pack them easily
3.句型公式：動名詞短語作主語
[原句]　Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
更多地了解海洋也將幫助我們更好地管理它的資源。
仿寫：暴露在陽光下太長時間對你的皮膚有害。
___________________________________________________________________ will do harm to your skin.
Being exposed to sunlight for too much time
精析 核心要點
4
1.meanwhile adv.與此同時；(比較兩方面)對比之下
[佳句背誦]　I enjoy my hobby.It offers me an opportunity to do something interesting and creative.Meanwhile，it provides me with a source of pleasure.
我享受著我的愛好。它給我提供一個做有趣又有創意的事的機會，同時它還是我快樂的源泉。
[活學巧用]　語境辨義
Meanwhile，I’m also interested in learning some folk dances from your lecture，which will help to improve my dancing skills.(天津卷)______________
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health.Exercise，meanwhile，can reduce its effects.______________
adv.與此同時
adv.對比之下
2.exploit vt.開發；利用；剝削
[佳句背誦]　We should exploit every minute to learn as much knowledge as possible.
我們應該充分利用每一分鐘盡可能多地學習知識。
[活學巧用]　語境辨義
You should exploit this opportunity to go abroad.____________
They decided to exploit natural resources.____________
The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay.
____________
vt.利用
vt.開發
vt.剝削
3.mercy n.仁慈；寬恕；恩惠
·merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的
·merciless adj.殘忍的；無慈悲心的
[佳句背誦]　Some plants in the world show mercy to animals and provide food and shelter for them.(2023·浙江1月卷)
世上的一些植物對動物表現出憐憫之心，并為它們提供食物和住所。
show mercy to對……憐憫/寬恕
have mercy on/upon 對……憐憫/寬恕
without mercy 殘忍地；毫無同情地
at the mercy of... 任由……擺布
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/同義句轉換
Whoever breaks the law will be punished ____________ mercy.
Fishermen are always ____________ the mercy of the forces of nature.
It is said that you are a just but __________ (mercy) man.
They had mercy on/upon Tom for he suffered a lot.
→They ______________________________ Tom for he suffered a lot.
without
at
merciful
showed mercy to
4.possession n.[usually pl.]個人財產；擁有；控制
·possess vt.擁有；具有；支配
[佳句背誦]　Having attracted many students，the English programme “Talk and Talk” of our school Broadcasting Station takes possession of/possesses many audience.(邀請信，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我們學校廣播電臺的英語節目“Talk and Talk”吸引了許多學生，擁有許多聽眾。
(1)get/take possession of 擁有/占有
sb be in possession of sth 某人擁有/占有某物
sth be in the possession of sb 某物為某人所擁有
(2)be possessed of 具有(某種品質或特征)
be possessed by 被……控制
[名師點津]　
(1)in possession of表示主動，意為“擁有……；占有……”，主語通常為表示人的詞語；
in the possession of表示被動，意為“為某人所有”，主語通常為表示物的詞語。
(2)possession表示“所有；財產”時，通常用復數；表示“具有，擁有”時，為不可數名詞。
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/同義句轉換
You can’t take possession ____________ the house until all the papers have been signed.
of
It was apparent that he was possessed ____________ exceptional powers of concentration.
She said that she was suddenly possessed ____________ fear.
Mr.Smith is a success as a businessman who possesses several big companies.
→Mr.Smith is a success as a businessman who _____________________________
several big companies.(possession)
→Mr.Smith is a success as a businessman who _____________________________
several big companies.(possession)
of
by
takes possession of
is in possession of
5.arrest n.逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意力)
[佳句背誦]　The English Newspaper，Youth，covers a wide variety of topics to arrest our senior students’ attention，leading us into the outer world as a silent friend.(短文投稿，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
英文報紙《青年》覆蓋了各種各樣的話題，吸引了我們高年級學生的注意力，作為一個沉默的朋友把我們帶到了外面的世界。
(1)arrest one’s attention　引起某人的注意
arrest sb for... 因……而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
(2)under arrest 被捕；在押
make an arrest 進行拘捕
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
I didn’t want him to get __________________ (arrest) for stealing.
Anyway，the police are on the case and they’ll probably make ____________ arrest today.
He was walking in the street when a slogan ___________________________.
他正在街上走著，這時一條標語吸引了他的注意力。
During the strike，a great many young people _________________________ and they are still ______________________________.
在罷工期間，很多年輕人被逮捕了，而且現在他們仍在拘留中。
arrested
an
arrested his attention
got arrested
under arrest
1.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.
我們需要了解我們的星球正在發生什么，這樣我們才能采取行動。
句型公式|so that引導目的狀語從句
(1)so that引導的目的狀語從句中常常使用情態動詞can/could，may/might，will/would等。so that引導的目的狀語從句不能放于句首，而in order that引導的目的狀語從句既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。
(2)當so that或in order that引導的目的狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時，從句可變為so as to或in order to的動詞不定式短語。
[佳句背誦]　
I’m wondering if you’re available.If not，please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustment accordingly.(邀請信，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我想知道您是否有空。如果沒有，請提前告訴我，以便我可以做出相應的調整。
And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
為了實現這一點，我們還需要保護自然，這樣我們才能與它互動。
[活學巧用]　
選詞填空(so that/in order to)/同義句轉換
You must speak louder ________________ be heard by all.
I set up the computer ________________ they could work from home.
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
→I got up early __________________________ I could catch the first bus.
→I got up early ____________________________________________________.
in order to
so that
in order that
to/in order to/so as to catch the first bus
2.Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
更多地了解海洋也將幫助我們更好地管理它的資源。
句型公式|動名詞(短語)作主語
(1)動名詞(短語)作主語往往表示經常性、習慣性的動作，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。
(2)動名詞(短語)作主語和不定式作主語一樣，也可以用it作形式主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。常見的能用于這種結構的形容詞和名詞有：good，no good，no use，useless等。
(3)當動名詞(短語)有自己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格，構成動名詞(短語)的復合結構，這時，名詞或代詞的所有格作動名詞(短語)的邏輯主語。動名詞(短語)的復合結構也可以在句中作主語。
[佳句背誦]　
Brimming with a smile on his face showed that David was happy and confident.
(人物描寫，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
臉上洋溢著笑容，這表明大衛很開心，也很自信。
It is no use/no good advising him.
給他提建議沒用。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他們來幫忙對我們是一個很大的鼓舞。
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
____________ (he) being admitted to Hong Kong University made his family proud of it.
____________________ (do) the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.(全國Ⅰ卷)
For Wang Qiang，having a good sleep during the vacation ____________ (be) the most desirable thing to do.
_______________________________________________ made me feel lonely.
不擅長和別人交流讓我感到孤獨。
His
Doing
is
Not being good at communicating with others
THANKS
本節內容結束(共26張PPT)
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
讀后續寫微技能三
運用擬人
擬人(personification)是賦予物以人的語言屬性。這種擬人化的修辭手法使句子讀起來特別形象生動，富有情趣。
1.The wind stood up and gave a shout.
大風凜冽，發出怒吼。
2.In the dead of night，the crickets played on the terrace of the house.
夜深人靜時，蟋蟀們在房子的露臺上玩耍。
3.The breeze gently kissed her cheeks.
微風輕柔地親吻著她的臉龐。
4.Birds on the tree are singing a beautiful song.
樹上的小鳥在唱著美妙的歌曲。
5.Stars winked at me in a darkening sky.
夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。
I had to find him and give back the change.Out of the supermarket，an old man with a dirty overcoat and sockless ankles caught my attention. 1._________________________________，pressing back the change into his hand with a big bag of bread for his kindness.I hurried away before he expressed his thanks.At this moment，2.__________________________________________. Also，I felt comfortable about my home，family and even my life，rather than being mad.3.__________________________________________.I went home with my lovely child happily as well as gratefully.
I ran to him quickly
my guilt gave way to the relief
A gentle breeze softly kissed me
我必須找到他，把零錢還給他。走出超市，一個穿著臟大衣、光著腳踝的老人引起了我的注意。我飛快地跑過去，把零錢塞到他手里，拿著一大袋面包感謝他的好意。他還沒來得及表示感謝，我就匆匆走開了。在這一刻，我的內疚被解脫所取代。此外，我對我的家、家人甚至我的生活都感到很舒服，而不是生氣。一陣微風輕輕地吻著我。我帶著我可愛的孩子高興而又感激地回家了。
研讀 教材原文
Period Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking——通文本
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The stories of sailors.
B.Ocean exploration of China.
C.The change of the ocean transport.
D.Ocean exploration in the past and now.
√
2.Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Para.1)　　 A.The sea exploration in ancient China.
Part 2(Paras.2&3) B.The sea exploration in today’s China.
Part 3(Paras.4&5) C.The reasons to explore other places.
Part 4(Para.6) D.The sea exploration in the future.
答案　Part 1 C　Part 2 A　Part 3 B　Part 4 D
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
(Ⅰ)Answer the following questions.
1.What is called “The Silk Road”？
(Ask the students to find out the answer by scanning the second paragraph quickly，try to translate it into Chinese and pay attention to useful expressions. If possible，encourage them to keep them in mind.)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在古代______________________________________
中東________________________________________
作為……而出名______________________________
In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.
in ancient times
the Middle East
become/be known as
2.Please describe Zheng He’s sea route.
(Ask the students to find out the answer by scanning the third paragraph quickly，try to translate it into Chinese and pay attention to useful expressions.If possible，encourage them to keep them in mind.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在……的指揮下_______________________________________________
起航_________________________________________________________
Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.
under the command of
set sail
3.What is the aim of the Belt and Road Initiative
(Ask the students to find out the answer by scanning the fourth paragraph quickly，try to translate it into Chinese and pay attention to useful expressions.If possible，encourage them to keep them in mind.)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
鼓勵合作與貿易________________________________________________
歷史悠久的“絲綢之路”的地區__________________________________
加強中國與世界其他地區之間的聯系
___________________________________________________________________
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
encourage cooperation and trade
the historic Silk Road areas
strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world
√
(Ⅱ)Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can be inferred from Paragraph 1
A.Marco Polo was the first to sail across the sea.
B.Marco Polo’s success was a passion for sea sailing.
C.Making money was the only desire of early travellers.
D.Columbus first sailed across the ocean from east to west.
√
2.Where did China explore with other countries in recent years
A.The Red Sea.
B.The Arctic.
C.The South China Sea.
D.The east coast of Africa.
√
3.What is the reason for China exploring the Arctic in the scientific aspect
A.To meet an urgent need for resources.
B.To do research on climate change and its effects.
C.To communicate with other countries.
D.To explore new trading sea routes.
√
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the passage again and do the following exercises.
1.How can we describe Zheng He’s voyages at that time
A.Astonishing. B.Disappointing.
C.Frightening. D.Encouraging.
2.What is the function of the first sentence in the 4th paragraph
A.To present the background. B.To introduce the topic.
C.To provide an example. D.To make a transition.
√
3.What does the phrase “in hand” mean
___________________________________________________________________
4.What will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future
___________________________________________________________________
Available./In use.
The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships.
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative？
(Critical thinking)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.What should we do to make contributions to enhancing integration(結合，融合) with other countries？(Creative thinking)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
[句式分析]　該句為主從復合句。句中to negotiate trade deals是動詞不定式短語作目的狀語；which引導非限制性定語從句。
嘗試翻譯：_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
在這里，來自中國和許多其他地方的商人聚在一起洽談貿易協議，也增進了對彼此文化的了解。
2.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
[句式分析]　該句為主從復合句。句中travelled by Zheng He為過去分詞短語作后置定語；which引導非限制性定語從句。
嘗試翻譯：_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
隨著作為“一帶一路”倡議組成部分的“21世紀海上絲綢之路”的提出，鄭和航行過的古代航道而今再度受到關注。
3.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore.
[句式分析]　該句為主從復合句。句中Although 引導讓步狀語從句；left to explore為過去分詞短語作后置定語。
嘗試翻譯：_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
雖然鄭和的古航路已經被重走了很多次，但還有很多其他地方有待探索。
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Trade and curiosity have often formed the 1.____________(found) of mankind’s greatest achievements.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers 2.____________(search) for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first 3.____________ (do).A trading route across the sea was extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，4.____________(centre) around Ceylon.
foundation
to search
did
centred
Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with the regions to the west of China.Seven large 5.____________(fleet) sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.6.____________ the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea and eventually to the east coast of Africa.
To reach out across the sea remains 7.________________ strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，8.______________ is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
fleets
Under
a
which
China has joined 9.____________(it) friends across the sea on other important projects.With the latest technology in hand，the need to trade 10.____________ the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
its
and
THANKS
本節內容結束(共40張PPT)
Period Ⅲ　Grammar——復習動詞不定式
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
圖解 語法脈絡
感知 語法規律
///////
1
2
4
///////
///////
精講 語法知識
3
///////
跟蹤 落實檢查
1
圖解 語法脈絡
2
感知 語法規律
觀察下面的句子，并感知動詞不定式的用法。
1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
2.Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
3.Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
4.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
5.To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
6.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
7.Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come.
8.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
9.Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
3
精講 語法知識
一、概念
動詞不定式的基本構成是“to＋動詞原形”。to是不定式符號，無詞義。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞、副詞和動詞的特征，它可以在句中充當除謂語以外的各種句子成分。
二、動詞不定式的變化形式
1.時態和語態
時態 主動 被動 意義
一般式 to do to be done 與謂語動作同時或在其后發生
進行式 to be doing 在謂語動作發生時，不定式的動作正在進行
完成式 to have done to have been done 在謂語動作之前發生
Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.(動詞不定式的動作還未發生)(全國Ⅲ卷)
我們的旅行還包括有機會追隨凡·高和高更的腳步。
I plan to withdraw from the club.(withdraw的動作在plan之后發生)
我打算退出這個俱樂部。
It’s a great honour for me to be invited.(me是invite動作的承受者)
我能被邀請，甚是榮幸。
They are reported to be working hard.(be reported與work同時發生)
據報道他們正努力地工作。
The merchant is considered to have negotiated with that factory.(negotiate發生在be considered之前)
這個商人被認為已經和那家工廠協商過了。
[名師點津]　動詞不定式“主動形式表示被動意義”的幾種情況
(1)動詞不定式作定語與被修飾詞構成動賓關系，同時與句中另一名詞或代詞有邏輯上的主謂關系時。
Once the plan is made，we will have a lot of work to do every day.
一旦制訂了計劃，我們每天都會有很多工作要做。
(2)在“主語＋be＋性質形容詞＋動詞不定式”結構中。
The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.(2023·浙江1月卷)
軌道車上的溫度通常很難控制。
(3)動詞不定式與疑問代詞連用時。
For a period of time，as a young athlete，I didn’t know what to do.
(2022·全國乙卷)
有一段時間，作為一名年輕的運動員，我不知道該做什么。
(4)在“be to blame”中常用主動形式表示被動意義。
It is said that the driver was to blame for this car accident happening last night.
據說昨晚發生的這起車禍應歸咎于司機。
(5)在“too...to...”結構中。
The box is too heavy for the little boy to lift.
這個盒子太重了，小男孩抬不起來。
(6)在there be句型中，作主語的名詞后可接動詞不定式作定語，動詞不定式用主動式或被動式均可，一般用主動形式表示被動意義。
There is nothing to worry/to be worried about.
沒什么可擔心的。
2.動詞不定式的否定形式：not/never to do
He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.(2021·全國甲卷)
他似乎沒有注意到旁邊的那個人。但很快我就看到了他的一些眼神。
We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.
我們只是把他們送到花園里，告訴他們暫時不要回來。
三、動詞不定式的句法功能
1.作主語
動詞不定式作主語表示將來特定的某一次的具體動作，謂語動詞用單數。
To err is human.
金無足赤，人無完人。/人非圣賢，孰能無過。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之內完成這項工作是不可能的。
To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.
責備那個工作人員彌補不了損失。
[名師點津]　若動詞不定式太長，則往往用it代替動詞不定式作形式主語，動詞不定式移至句末，常用句式為：it＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb to do sth。當形容詞表達事物的特征時，用for sb；當形容詞表達人的特征或品質時，用of sb。
It is important for us students to work out on a regular basis.
經常鍛煉身體對我們學生很重要。
It is kind of you to help me out of the difficulty.
幫我擺脫困難，你真好。
2.作表語
動詞不定式作表語時需放在系動詞后面，表示將來的動作或起解釋說明的作用。系動詞主要是be類動詞(am，is，are，was，were，been等)和表象類動詞(seem，appear等)；主語常常是dream，wish，idea，plan，task，purpose，aim，duty，job等表示意向、打算、職責等意義的詞。
At this point，it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans.
目前尚不清楚為什么狗似乎具備識別人類不同面部表情的能力。
My main task is to get this company running smoothly.
我的主要任務是使這家公司運轉順利。
3.作賓語
I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects，while he developed the scientific model.(2022·浙江1月卷)
我決定全身心投入到研究課題的工作中，而他則開發科學模型。
We offered to give Sharon a ride home，but she declined，saying that she felt like walking.(天津7月卷)
我們提出開車送莎倫回家，但她拒絕了，說她想走路。
[名師點津]　
(1)常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞：
三個希望兩答應：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
兩個要求莫拒絕：demand，ask，refuse
設法學會做決定：manage，learn，decide
不要假裝在選擇：pretend，choose
They promise to love and serve their homeland，people and families.
他們承諾熱愛并服務于他們的祖國、人民和家庭。
Unexpectedly，he refused to take the money for the gas，saying “What good is a man who cannot help another in need”.
出乎意料的是，他拒絕接受汽油費，說“一個人，要是不能幫助其他需要幫助的人，還有什么用”。
She managed to climb onto the rock and waited with patience.
她設法爬上巖石，耐心地等待著。
Karie pretended to be smiling all the time.Meanwhile a sense of guilt rose inside her.
卡莉一直假裝在笑。與此同時，她內心產生了一種愧疚感。
(2)“動詞＋it＋adj./n.＋動詞不定式”結構，it為形式賓語，動詞不定式為真正的賓語。用于該結構的動詞有feel，find，think，believe，consider，make等。
That makes it extra hard to learn and practise.
那使得學習和練習變得格外困難。
4.作定語
動詞不定式作定語時，應放在被修飾詞的后面。動詞不定式作定語的幾種情況：
(1)序數詞、形容詞最高級或 the last/the only/the next 等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動詞不定式作定語。
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15.
(2023·浙江1月卷)
取消注冊并獲得全額退款的最后一天是6月15日。
The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap.
支付這些商品的唯一方法是放下可以不買的東西：一瓶擦拭酒精和一塊肥皂。
(2)抽象名詞time，way，reason，chance，opportunity，ability，promise，attempt等后常用動詞不定式作定語。
The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in training.
然后，研究人員通過向狗展示人臉的另一半或與訓練中使用的圖像完全不同的圖像來測試狗區分人類面部表情的能力。
The party also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
(全國Ⅲ卷)
聚會還讓人們有機會看看新家是什么樣子的。
(3)something，nothing，anything等不定代詞后常用動詞不定式作定語。
He wants us to stop seeing sleep as an inconvenience，something to be gotten through.(浙江1月卷)
他希望我們不要再把睡眠看作是一種不便，一種需要克服的事情。
Do you have anything to say
你有什么要說的嗎？
(4)動詞不定式作定語可表示將來的、還沒發生的動作。
With a lot of work to deal with，the new president will be busy in the following two weeks.
由于有很多工作要做，新總統在接下來的兩周內會很忙碌。
5.作狀語
(1)作目的狀語
動詞不定式作目的狀語時，其所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，一般放在句子后面，表示強調，也可位于句首；其前可加in order或so as，但加so as時不能放在句首。
To help us prepare for the exam，the teacher suggested reading through our notes.(天津7月卷)
為了幫助我們準備考試，老師建議通讀我們的筆記。
But remember，it’s you that have to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.(全國Ⅰ卷)
但請記住，為了更好地理解你的朋友，你必須不斷成長、閱讀和重讀。
(2)作原因狀語
動詞不定式常跟在作表語的形容詞和過去分詞之后，用來說明產生某種情緒或作出某種評價的原因。此類詞有happy，lucky，surprised，sorry，glad，delighted，eager，anxious，ready，foolish，interested，careless等。
If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts，keep them in a safe place.(全國Ⅲ卷)
如果你有幸收到禮物，就把它們放在一個安全的地方。
I’m glad to know that you’ve come to China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.(全國Ⅱ卷)
我很高興知道你已經來中國在我家鄉的一所學校學習功夫。
(3)作結果狀語
動詞不定式作結果狀語時常放在句尾，表示出乎意料的結果。常用only to do，enough to do，too...to...，so/such...as to do等形式。
Lamb and mother reunited，I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.(浙江7月卷)
小羊和媽媽團聚了，我轉向拖拉機，卻看到它突然從我身邊移開。
Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
(2022·全國甲卷)
他們的陪伴幾乎足以讓我不再感到孤獨。
The old woman was so angry as to shake.
那個老婦人氣得發抖。
[名師點津]　現在分詞(短語)作結果狀語多表示自然而然的結果，即句子和結果狀語之間有一定的因果關系。
A flush of embarrassment came to her cheeks，making Jessy biting her lips.
尷尬得滿臉通紅，杰西咬了咬嘴唇。
6.作補語
(1)ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit，warn，order，encourage，prefer，expect，force，wish，beg等表示命令、教導、要求、意向、允許、警告等意義的動詞后可接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
Mom expected me to start crying，but I just sat there for a minute.(浙江1月卷)
媽媽希望我開始哭，但我只是在那里坐了一會兒。
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day.(2022·浙江1月卷)
我和你一樣一天有24小時，但我做出了具體的選擇，讓我能夠充分利用每一天。
(2)believe，consider，declare，find，prove，suppose，think等表示意見、認可、判斷、料想、聲明等意義的動詞后的賓語補足語常是“to be”形式。
She’s proved herself to be a very reliable worker.
她證明了自己是一名非常可靠的員工。
I believe him to be honest.
我相信他是誠實的。
(3)在feel(一感)，hear/listen to(二聽)，make/let/have(三讓)，see/watch/notice/ observe(四看)等使役動詞和感官動詞(短語)后，動詞不定式作賓語補足語時常省略to。這些詞在變為被動語態時，to不能省略，此時動詞不定式作主語補足語。(一感二聽三讓四看半幫助，主動不to 被動to)
Read a book，knit，do a crossword puzzle，or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.(2023·浙江1月卷)
看書、編織、做填字游戲，或者只是看看窗外的世界。
Because he was absorbed in the book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.
→Because he was absorbed in the book，I wasn’t noticed to enter the room.
他完全被這本書所吸引，沒有注意到我進入房間。
跟蹤 落實檢查
4
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.He asked each villager that received the machine ____________ (use)it and train an inheritor (繼承者) of the local weaving technique.(2024·山東煙臺一模)
2.Today in Weifang，there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites，which can be made ________________ (represent) people’s ideals and desires.(2024·湖北5月省考)
3.I feel I have a new mission ____________ (shoulder)，even after China wins its battle to reduce poverty.(2024·山東煙臺二模)
to use
to represent
to shoulder
4.The ground floor tends ____________ (use) as storage space for firewood and farming equipment.(2024·湖南邵陽二模)
5.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans ____________ (continue) the practice.(2022·浙江1月卷)
6.A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an，as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路線) by foot.(2022·全國甲卷)
7.Mary’s sister，Frances Todd Wallace，often came over ____________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.(2021·浙江6月卷)
to be used
to continue
to journey
to plant
8.He convinced the police department __________ (allow) him ____________ (set) up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.(天津7月卷)
9.They are said _________________ (study) psychology now.
10.The snow seemed ___________________ (blow) from the top of the mountain.
to allow
to set
to be studying
to have been blown
Ⅱ.補全句子
1.To a little child，the problem _________________________________.
對于一個小孩子來說，這個問題很難解決。
2.I think it my duty ______________________________________________.
我認為組織各種各樣的有意義的活動是我的職責。
3.He got to the station ______________________________________________.
他到了車站，卻被告知火車已經開走了。
4.He is __________________________________________________ on his own.
他已經長大了，可以獨立解決這個問題。
is difficult to solve
to organize various meaningful activities
only to be told the train had gone
old enough to solve the problem
THANKS
本節內容結束(共39張PPT)
Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language——析考點
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
2
///////
夯實 語言基礎
1
///////
精析 核心要點
1
夯實 語言基礎
Ⅰ.寫作單詞——記其形
1.____________ n.故事；敘述
2.____________ n.商人；批發商 adj.海上貨運的
3.____________ adj.皇家的；王室的；高貴的
4.____________ n.航道；海峽；頻道
5.____________ vt.對……征稅；使納稅 n.稅；稅款
6.____________ adv.在水下 adj.水下的
tale
merchant
royal
channel
tax
underwater
Ⅱ.閱讀單詞——知其意
1.behold vt.(beheld，beheld)　 ________________
2.league n. __________________________
3.spice n. ________________
4.bond n. ________________
vt.& vi. __________________________
5.tournament n. ________________
6.laptop n. _________________________
看；看見
等級；水平；聯合會；聯賽
(調味)香料
紐帶；關系
增強信任關系；使牢固結合
錦標賽；聯賽
筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——通其變
1.extend vt.擴展；使伸長；延長
____________ adj.延伸的；擴大的；長期的
____________ n.擴大；延伸
____________ adj.廣闊的；大量的；廣泛的
2.negotiate vt.商定；達成(協議)vi.談判；磋商；協商
____________ n.談判；磋商；協商
3.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤離 vt.(從銀行)取(錢)
____________ n.收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款
extended
extension
extensive
negotiation
withdrawal
4.politics n.政治；政治觀點
____________ n.政策，方針
____________ adj.政治的；黨派的
____________ n.政治家，政客
5.professor n.教授；教師；研究員
____________ n.職業；行業
____________ adj.專業的；職業的
policy
political
politician
profession
professional
6.mix vi.& vt.(使)混合；(使)摻和；(使)融合
____________ adj.混合的；形形色色的；(感情等)矛盾復雜的
____________ n.混合；結合體；混合物
7.cover v.包括；采訪；報道；行走；涉及；覆蓋
____________ n.新聞報道；覆蓋范圍
8.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.稱贊；贊賞
____________ n.鼓掌
mixed
mixture
coverage
applause
Ⅳ.必備短語——英漢譯
1.________________起航；開航
2.________________________獨領風騷
3._______________________在……的領導下 vt.(從銀行)取(錢)
4.________________拓展；伸出
5._________________為……的利益
6.________________退出；撤回
7.________________在手頭；可供使用
8.________________記者招待會；新聞發布會
set sail
in a league of one’s own
under the command of
reach out
for the benefit of
withdraw from
in hand
press conference
9.form the foundation of __________________
10.strengthen the bonds between...and... _______________________
11.from a...point of view _______________________
形成……的基礎
增強……和……的聯系
從一個……的角度來看
Ⅴ.常用句型——會仿寫
1.句型公式：what引導賓語從句
[原句]　In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代，中國絲綢經由一條陸路運到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。
仿寫：在課堂開始時，會播放一段短片，幫助我們學生了解哪些意外傷害會頻繁發生，以及會造成什么傷害。
At the beginning of the class,a short film will be shown,helping us students know ___________________________________________________________________.
what accidental injuries will frequently happen and what harm they will cause
2.句型公式：as引導的方式狀語從句的省略
[原句]　Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
幾個世紀以來，隨著貿易的發展，中國西部地區得到了更多的探索，正如八世紀時杜環在《經行記》中所記載的那樣。
仿寫：我們按計劃按時完成了任務。
We finished our task on time _________________________.
as planned
3.句型公式：with復合結構
[原句]　Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
數百年過去了，隨著最新技術的掌握，貿易的需要和加強關系的愿望將推動中國跨越海洋走向遙遠的未來。
仿寫：隨著高考的臨近，我們正忙于做最后的準備。
_________________________________________________________________，we are occupied in making final preparations.(浙江7月卷)
With the college entrance examination approaching
精析 核心要點
2
1.set sail 起航；開航
[佳句背誦]　The lights and music faded as we set sail from the harbor.
當我們從海港起航時，光線逐漸變暗，音樂聲逐漸減弱。
set up　　建立；安裝好；設置；引發；產生
set out 出發；動身；啟程；開始工作(＋to do sth)；安排；布置；陳述；闡明
set off 動身；出發；引起；爆炸
set about　開始；著手(＋doing sth)
set down 寫下；記下；制定
set aside 省出，留出(錢或時間)；暫時不考慮
[活學巧用]　
單句語法填空/補全句子/補全語段
There were several interruptions，and I laid behind schedule.I set about _________________ (tidy) the kitchen.
In spite of your busy schedule，you set ____________ a few days to teach me more pronunciation skills and background knowledge.
World Oceans Day was ______________________________________________
____________________________，which play a crucial part in global ecosystem.
(短文投稿，2022·全國甲卷)
世界海洋日的設立是為了提高人們對保護海洋的認識，海洋在全球生態系統中發揮著至關重要的作用。
tidying
aside
set up to raise people’s awareness of protecting
the oceans
With all the preparations made，we ___________________ to make popcorn. Meanwhile，we _________________ “Delicious Popcorn” on a board and we planned to ________________ in front of our stand.Then，we _______________ for the market like happy birds.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
做好所有準備，我們開始做爆米花。同時，我們在一塊木板上寫下“美味的爆米花”，打算把它豎立在我們的攤位前。然后，我們像快樂的小鳥一樣向市場出發。
set out
set down
set it up
set off
2.extend vt.擴展；使伸長；延長；伸出；提供，給予
·extended adj.延伸的；擴大的；長期的
·extension n.擴大；延伸
·extensive adj.廣泛的；廣闊的；大量的
[佳句背誦]　 I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers，who have done so much for us over the years.(感謝信)
我要由衷感謝這些年來為我們做了很多的全體老師。
(1)extend from...to... 從……延伸到……
extend out 伸出
extend a deadline/visa/the life of延長最后期限/簽證/……的壽命
extend to 延長到
extend by 延長了
(2)extend sth to sb 給予某人某物
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
Her visit will extend ____________ Monday to Thursday.
These courses are based on a weekly two－hour class，____________ (extend) over a period of twenty weeks.
If the tree is left to grow naturally，its main stem will
________________________________________.
如果讓這棵樹自然生長，它的主干將延伸到大約12英尺。
from
extending
extend to around 12 feet
___________________________________________ is to help us gain a greater appreciation of the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of ecosystem.
(報道，2023·浙江1月卷)
這項活動的延伸的目的是幫助我們更好地認識植物在維持生態系統平衡方面所發揮的作用。
The extended purpose of this activity
3.negotiate vt.商定；達成(協議) vi.談判；磋商；協商
·negotiation n.談判；磋商；協商
·negotiable adj.可協商的
[佳句背誦]　Nowadays countries all over the world have negotiated with each other concerning how to protect oceans more efficiently.
(短文投稿，2022·全國甲卷)
現在，世界各地的國家都已經就如何更有效地保護海洋進行談判。
(1)negotiate with sb　　與某人商議/談判
negotiate for 為……談判
(2)under negotiation 在商討中
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
It doesn’t give them the means to negotiate ____________ higher pay.
The details of the contract are still ____________ negotiation.
We’ve decided to __________________________________________________
about our wage claim.
我們決定就工資問題與雇主談判。
for
under
negotiate with the employers
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew,withdrawn)(使)撤回;撤離,使退出 vt.提取;收回
·withdrawal n.收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款
[佳句背誦]　From his expression，I sensed that David wanted to join in the running race instead of withdrawing from the race.
(人物描寫，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
從他的表情中，我感覺到大衛想參加跑步比賽，而不是退出比賽。
withdraw from從……撤出，撤回
withdraw money from the bank 從銀行取款
withdraw one’s eyes from把視線從……移開(不再看……)
withdraw a remark 收回發言
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
They withdrew their eyes ____________ what they were doing on hearing the tremendous crash.
It was a laptop，the greatest gift my grandpa left me.Grandpa _______________________ (withdraw) all his savings to buy the laptop for me.
In order not to be disturbed he wanted to ______________________________
the guest list.
為了不被打擾，他想從客人名單中撤回自己的名字。
from
had withdrawn
withdraw his name from
5.bond n.紐帶；關系 vt.& vi.增強信任關系；使牢固結合
[佳句背誦]　The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.(全國Ⅰ卷)
重新閱讀之美在于我們與書之間的紐帶是建立在我們當下的精神狀態基礎之上的。
(1)bond with　與……培養/建立關系
bond...to... 把……粘在……上；使……緊緊連接到……
(2)bond between...and... ……和……之間的聯系
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
It was a special time to bond ____________ my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.(全國Ⅱ卷)
There is a strong emotional bond between mother ____________ child.
Silver overlay is bonded ____________ the entire surface.
Grandpa and I _____________________________.Perhaps it was because I was his oldest grandchild.
爺爺和我有著特殊的感情。也許是因為我是他最大的孫子。
with
and
to
shared a special bond
6.mixture n.混合；結合體；混合物
·mix vi.& vt.(使)混合；(使)摻和；(使)融合
·mixed adj.混合的；形形色色的；(感情等)矛盾復雜的
[佳句背誦]　At the sight of the breakfast tray，the mother conveyed a mixture of surprise and happiness.(情緒描寫，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
看到早餐托盤，這位母親流露出驚喜感動和幸福的復雜心情。
(1)mix with　與……混合；與……交往
mix A with B/mix A and B (together) 把A與B混合起來/融合在一起
mix up 混淆；弄混；弄亂
(2)a mixture of ……的混合物
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
All the houses looked so similar that she mixed them ____________.
The moment I entered the room，I smelled a strong smell of medicine mixed ____________ other smells.
Thrilled，____________ (mix) with a little frightened，he quickened his pace!
Jenna found the bread and __________________________________________.
(動作描寫，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
詹娜找到面包，把兩片放進雞蛋混合物里。
up
with
mixed
put two slices into the egg mixture
7.in hand在手頭；可供使用；在處理中；在控制中
[佳句背誦]　Having enough data in hand，we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.　手頭有了足夠的資料，我們就可以著手如期舉行新聞發布會了。
at hand　近在手邊；在附近
by hand 手工，用手
(at) first hand 第一手的(地)；直接的(地)
hand in hand 手挽手；密切關聯
on the one hand...on the other (hand)...
一方面……另一方面……(用于表示不同的尤其是相對立的兩個方面)
[活學巧用]　用hand的相關短語填空/補全句子
As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go ________________.”
Meanwhile，you’d better keep a dictionary close ________________ so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.
_________________，computers extend our vision；___________________，they also bring about some harmful problems.
一方面，計算機擴展了我們的視野；另一方面，它們也帶來了一些有害的問題。
hand in hand
at hand
On the one hand
on the other (hand)
1.In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代，中國絲綢經由一條陸路運到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。
句型公式|what引導賓語從句
(1)what除了可以引導賓語從句，還可引導主語從句和表語從句。
(2)what在名詞性從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語。該從句在結構上相當于“先行詞＋定語從句”。
[佳句背誦]　
First of all，what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.
(短文投稿，2022·全國甲卷)
首先，我們能做的就是重視我們的日常行動。
One look and he knew what they were up to.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
只要看一眼，他就知道他們在干什么。
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened.(動作描寫，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我迅速在人群中尋找學校的教練，問他發生了什么事。
[活學巧用]　寫出下列各句中what引導的從句在句中所作成分/補全句子
What we need most are popular science books.____________
As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.____________
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.____________
If I could interview him，I would ask him _____________________________
and how he was trained.
如果我能采訪他，我會問他是什么讓他成為宇航員，以及他是如何接受訓練的。
主語
表語
賓語
what made him an astronaut
2.From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
從科學的角度來看，我們確實迫切需要研究北極，以了解氣候變化及其影響。
句型公式|There is a need to do sth
There is no need for...　　……是沒有必要的
There is no need for sb to do sth對某人來說做某事沒有必要
There is a/no possibility that...＝It is possible/impossible that...
有/沒有可能……
There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問……
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth 做某事沒有意義。
[佳句背誦]　
There is an urgent need to choose a healthy and environmentally friendly way of traveling.(環境保護)
急需選擇一種既健康又環保的旅游方式。
There is no need for parents to do everything for their children.
父母沒有必要為孩子做所有事情。
[活學巧用]　補全句子/補全語段
_______________________________ only mastering theory without practice.
沒有實踐只掌握理論是沒有意義的。
_____________________________________________ my good communication skills enable me to keep a good relationship with others.
毫無疑問，我良好的溝通能力能夠使我與他人保持良好的關系。
__________________________________________________________________
as long as you put your heart into it.
只要你全神貫注于你的目標，你就有可能實現你的目標。
There is no point/sense (in)
There is no doubt that
There is a possibility that you achieve your goal
In many people’s opinion，__________________________________________
_______________ traditional Chinese cultures in modern times.But personally，
_______________________________________________ from dying out.After all，we are in need of ancient people’s wisdom so that we can make less mistakes.
(傳統文化)
在許多人看來，當代中國人沒必要傳承中國傳統文化。但就我個人而言，急需保護它們免遭消亡。畢竟，為了少犯錯誤，我們需要古人的智慧。
there is no need for Chinese people to
pass down
there is an urgent need to protect them
THANKS
本節內容結束(共10張PPT)
單元知識回顧
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
Ⅰ.默寫詞塊
一、教材詞塊默寫
1.______________________________________________人類最偉大成就的基礎
2.____________________________沿陸路運至印度
3.__________________________________________從而提高對彼此文化的認識
4.__________________極為壯觀
5.________________________獨領風騷
6.___________________________“一帶一路”倡議
7.____________________________________________________________
加強中國與世界其他地區之間的聯系
the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements
find its way overland to India
lead to more awareness of each other’s cultures
a sight to behold
in a league of their own
the Belt and Road Initiative
strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world
8.___________________________________________________
有利于未來的貿易和文化交流
9.________________________________從科學的角度來看
10._________________________________增進關系的愿望
11._________________________殺死了很多鳥和魚
12._________________________應對重要的問題
13.___________________________________________
提升我們對地球上的生命的了解
14.______________________進入深海
15.________________________________與經濟需求相平衡
for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange
from a scientific point of view
the desire to enhance relationships
kill many birds and fish
address important issues
improve our understanding of life on the earth
access the deep ocean
be balanced with economic needs
二、講解詞塊默寫
1.__________________從……延伸到……
2.__________________與某人商議/談判
3.________________從……撤出，撤回
4.________________與……培養/建立關系
5.________________與……混合；與……交往
6.________________對……憐憫/寬恕
7.________________因……而逮捕某人
extend from...to...
negotiate with sb
withdraw from
bond with
mix with
show mercy to
arrest sb for...
8.___________________________把視線從……移開(不再看……)
9.________________________……和……之間的聯系
10.________________混淆；弄混；弄亂
withdraw one’s eyes from
bond between...and...
mix up
Ⅱ.補全句子
1.His songs express exactly ____________________________________________.
他的歌曲準確地表達了人們對愛、生活和人際關系的感覺。
2.The bridge，____________________________________，is really wonderful.
如圖所示，那座橋真是美極了。
3.Why don’t you ___________________________________________________
and solve this issue once and for all
您為什么不直接與他進行協商，一勞永逸地解決這個問題？
what people feel about love,life and relationships
as shown in the picture
negotiate directly with him
4._________________________________________________ is a big challenge.
制造能飛到月球的飛行器是一項重大的挑戰。
5.I found myself on the point of giving up.But one day a TV program
_________________________________________________________.
我發現自己快要放棄了。但有一天，一檔電視節目引起了我的注意。
Making an aircraft that can fly to the moon
arrested my attention
Ⅲ.語法填空——核心考點語境串記
The Ming Dynasty wanted 1.__________________ (strengthen) the bonds 2.______________ some western countries，and between 1405 and 1433 seven large 3.____________ (fleet) under the command of Zheng He，4.____________ was called “the Columbus of China”，set sail westward from the South China Sea.They sailed across 5.____________ Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa，along the marine channels which 6.__________________ (extend) by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold，silk，and spices to the African royal
to strengthen
with
fleets
who
the
had been extended
families and 7.____________ (negotiate) trade deals with them.Although China withdrew from 8.____________ (far)expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight 9.____________ (behold) and were in a league of 10.____________ (they) own at that time.
negotiated
further
to behold
their
THANKS
本節內容結束(共26張PPT)
Period Ⅴ　Writing——辯論性議論文
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
點撥 寫作技巧
積累 寫作素材
///////
1
2
4
///////
///////
示例 分步寫作
3
///////
跟蹤 落實檢查
1
點撥 寫作技巧
一、技法指導
辯論性議論文主要針對某一觀點或問題(一般為有爭議的觀點或問題)發表議論和看法，因此寫此類文章時要考慮的論據多為正反兩個方面。通過對有爭議的觀點或問題的不同看法進行比較，然后進行分析和評論，最后提出自己的看法，表達自己支持或反對的態度并加以論證說明，得出結論。
二、篇章結構
2
積累 寫作素材
一、亮點詞匯
1.ocean exploration　海洋探索
2.explore the ocean 探索海洋
3.vary from person to person 因人而異
4.do damage to 對……造成損害
5.destroy the deep－sea ecosystem 破壞深海生態系統
6.attach great importance to 高度重視
7.in favour of 支持
8.play a vital part in 在……中起重要作用
9.make outstanding contributions to 對……作出杰出貢獻
10.from my point of view 依我之見
11.a wise choice 一個明智的選擇
12.oppose the opinion 反對這個觀點
13.the following three reasons 以下三個原因
14.become more and more popular 變得越來越受歡迎
二、高級句式
首段：點明辯論的主題
1.When it comes to ocean exploration，people hold different opinions.
當談到海洋探索，人們持有不同的觀點。
2.The opinion on whether to further explore the ocean varies from person to person.
關于是否進一步探索海洋的意見因人而異。
3.Our class had a heated discussion about the phenomenon.Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
我們班對這種現象進行了熱烈討論。主要有兩種觀點。
中段：用簡潔的語言陳述雙方的觀點，然后再分條陳述理由，注意論據要合情合理
1.Some people hold the view that ocean exploration may do damage to some marine life.
一些人認為海洋探索可能會對一些海洋生物造成傷害。
2.Some people support/are in favour of ocean exploration because rich resources in the ocean may help solve the problem of energy shortages.
一些人支持海洋探索，因為豐富的海洋資源可以幫助解決能源短缺的問題。
3.A majority of people approve of the idea because fish can provide us with rich nutrients.
大多數人贊成這個觀點，因為魚可以給我們提供豐富的營養。
4.Through ocean exploration，we can know more about the ocean and better understand the reason why the environment changes.
通過海洋探索，我們可以更多地了解海洋，更好地了解環境變化的原因。
5.Information from ocean exploration is very important，which helps predict earthquakes and tsunamis.
來自海洋探索的信息很重要，它有助于預測地震和海嘯。
6.However，some people hold a different opinion.They think that human’s overfishing may not only cause pollution but also destroy the deep－sea ecosystem.
然而，一些人持有不同的觀點。他們認為人類的過度捕撈不僅會造成污染，還會破壞深海生態系統。
尾段：表達自己的觀點
1.Personally speaking，there are some good and bad effects caused by ocean exploration.
就我個人而言，海洋探索既有好的影響也有壞的影響。
2.As far as I’m concerned，moderate ocean exploration is worth investing because it can inspire humans to find new energy.
在我看來，適度的海洋探索是值得投資的，因為它可以激勵人類去發現新的能源。
3
示例 分步寫作
假設你是李華，最近你班就“人類是否應該進行海洋探索”進行了討論。請根據討論結果，寫一封信給某英文報社的編輯來報道此事。
贊成的理由 反對的理由 你的看法
1.獲取更多的海底資源； 2.提高對地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染，導致海洋生物死亡； 2.破壞生態系統。 ……
注意：開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。
第一步：要點翻譯
1.海洋探索使人們有可能發現新的藥物、新的食物來源和能源。
Sea exploration has _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
2.海洋探索可能會導致海洋污染。
Sea exploration might ______________________________________________.
3.海洋污染最終導致海洋生物死亡。
Marine pollution finally ____________________________________________.
made it possible for people to discover new medicines，
new sources of food and energy
bring about marine pollution
leads the ocean creatures to death
4.海洋探索可能有助于增進我們對地球上生命的了解。
Sea exploration might _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
5.科技進步了。
_________________________________________________________________
6.我們可能有更多的選擇來管理這種平衡。
We may __________________________________________________________.
help improve our understanding of the life
on the earth
Technology improves.
have more options of managing this balance
第二步：詞句升級
1.用as well as升級要點1
Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines __________________________________________________________________.
2.用although 引導讓步狀語從句，which引導非限制性定語從句升級要點2、要點3和要點4
__________________________________________________________________
our understanding of the life on the earth，it might _____________________
__________________________________________________________________.
as well as new sources of food and energy
Although sea exploration might help improve
bring about marine
pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death
3.用as引導狀語從句升級要點5和要點6
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As technology improves，we may have more options of managing this balance.
第三步：連句成篇
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about whether sea exploration should be carried out.
Some of the students are in favour of sea exploration.They say sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines as well as new sources of food and energy.Others are against it.Although sea exploration might help improve our understanding of the life on the earth，it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.It also might cause ecosystem destruction.
Personally，sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully，as technology improves，we may have more options of managing this balance.
Yours，
Li Hua
跟蹤 落實檢查
4
最近，你班同學就“Is it better to employ self－study or teamwork study？”進行了討論，大家觀點不一。請根據表格提示寫一篇短文，介紹此次討論的情況并闡述自己的看法，然后發表在校報上。
獨立學習更好(55%) 合作學習更好(45%) 你的觀點
1.免于被他人干擾； 2.有助于培養獨立思考的能力； 3.更容易獲得成就感。 1.有助于營造濃厚的學習氣氛； 2.有助于培養互助合作的精神。 ……
注意：可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
【參考范文】
A lively discussion was held in our class about whether it is better to employ self－study or teamwork study.There are different ideas concerning the topic.
55% of the students supported self－study.Not only could it avoid interruption from others but also it could develop our ability to think independently.Besides，it would be much easier for us to gain a sense of achievement.On the other hand，45% of the students thought that teamwork study could help create a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and develop the spirit of cooperation.
From my point of view，both of them have their own advantages and disadvantages，so individuals should choose the learning style that is suitable for themselves.
THANKS
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