資源簡介

(共21張PPT)
Unit 1
Discovering Useful Structures
Lead in
短語的分類:
名詞短語 (Noun Phrases):
指以一個名詞為中心構成的短語，在句子的功能相當于名詞。
形容詞短語 (Adjective Phrases):
指以一個形容詞為中心構成的短語，在句子的功能相當于形容詞。
副詞短語 (Adverb Phrases):
指以一個副詞為中心構成的短語，在句子的功能相當于副詞。
再長的句子也是由這幾個要素構成：
單詞（word）；短語(phrase)；分句(clause)；句子(sentence)
短語
分類
I will buy a couple of books in the bookstore,which is beside my school.
名詞短語（NP）
動詞短語(VP)
形容詞短語(adjP)
副詞短語(advP)
介詞短語(P.P)
不同詞性的短語有自己的構成規則，熟悉規則
可避免語法錯誤
Improve a draft
Adjective phrase (AdjP)
Noun Phrase
(NP)
Word group with a noun as its head word
Word group with an adjective as its head word
Word group with an adverb as its head word
Adverb phrase (AdvP)
動詞短語(VP)？
介詞短語(P.P)？
1.The first week was a little confusing.
2.The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
3.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
4.Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
5.The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
6.My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
Adjective
AdjP
形容詞
短語
Phrase
觀察與探究
表
表
表
表
Adjective Phrase (AdjP) 形容詞短語
1.含義：形容詞短語是指以一個________為中心構成的短語，在句中的功能相
當于一個__________。
形容詞
2. 構成：形容詞短語是由形容詞或形容詞+修飾語構成的。
（1）形容詞+形容詞（兩個或多個形容詞可以由and,or,but等連詞連接）
large and beautiful 大且漂亮的
young but wise 年輕但智慧的
（2）副詞+形容詞
very hot 非常熱的
quite good 相當好的
a little dirty 有點臟的
extremely difficult 極其困難的
（3）形容詞+介詞短語
full of water 裝滿水的
suitable for the job 適合這份工作的
形容詞
1.The first week was a little confusing.
2.The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
3.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
4.Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
5.The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
6.My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
Adverb
AdvP
副詞
短語
Phrase
觀察與探究
狀語
狀語
狀語
謂語
謂語主要分為兩類：
簡單謂語
復合謂語
凡是由一個動詞構成，不管是什么時態，語態，語氣都是簡單謂語。
We have been hoping to visit your country。
很久以來一直想訪問你們的國家。
情態動詞與動詞原形
系動詞+ 表語
That may or may not be true. 這可能是真的，也可能不是。
It is a powerful engine. 這是一臺強勁的發動機。
1. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.
2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together
3. The time passed quickly.
4. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.
5. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed.
Ｓ Ｖ（實義動詞） Ｏ(賓語)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. I 7. He knows laugh at understands made ate want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
基本句型 四
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。
通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Iｏ（多指人） DＯ（多指物）
1. She 2. She 3. He 4. I 5. I 6. He passed cooked bought gave told showed him her you him him us a new dress.
a delicious meal.
nothing.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
短語（Phrases）
名詞短語（NP）
形容詞短語（AdjP）
副詞短語（AdvP）
作定語、表語或賓語補足語
作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞等
作主語、表語、賓語或賓語補足語
短語分類
賓語
可以構成賓語的包括：
名詞
代詞
數詞
動名詞
不定式
復合結構
從句
Show me your passport, please!
They didn't promise him anything.
How many do you need？ We need two.
I enjoy working with you.
I hope to see you again.
You will find the pain easing.
Ddi you write down what she said.
構成：
① adj. + n. /n. + adj.
homeless people 無家可歸的人 people present at the meeting 出席會議的人們
② n. + n.
the school football team 校足球隊 a woman doctor 一名女醫生
③ n. + and + n.
teachers and students 老師和學生
④ v.-ing + n. / n. + v.–ing
reading ability 閱讀能力 students reading in the classroom 在教室讀書的學生們
⑤ -ed + n. /n. + -ed
fallen leaves 落葉 photos taken by Mike 邁克拍的照片
⑥ n. + to do
the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召開的會議
⑦ n. + 介詞短語
a solution to the question 問題的解決辦法
⑧ 限定詞 + n.
my schedule 我的時間表
名詞短語由“(限定詞)＋(數詞、形容詞、形容詞短語、描述性名詞)＋名詞＋(介詞短語)”組成。
限定詞包括冠詞(a、an、the)，指示代詞(this、that、these、those等)，形容詞性物主代詞(my、your、his、her、our、their、its等)和不定代詞(some、no、neither、both等)。
形容詞短語(AdjP)
定義：由幾個形容詞或形容詞及其修飾語構成的短語。
功能：形容詞短語可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語。
結構: (副詞)＋形容詞＋(介詞短語)
組成：
①兩個或多個形容詞由and, but等連接構成形容詞短語。
②very等程度副詞作修飾語，可與形容詞構成形容詞短語。
③介詞及其賓語可用在形容詞后修飾形容詞，可與形容詞構成形容詞短語。
④不定式在形容詞后作修飾語，可與形容詞構成形容詞短語。
very suitable
really very confusing
strong enough
副詞短語的構成規則：
1:副詞+adv： very quickly; quite fast
2:adv+enough: well enough; quickly enough
3：adv+and+adv:
again and again;
Adv P：在句中當作副詞用，做狀語或者賓語補足語。
eg:
1: All boys run quite fast.
2.You did it well enough.
3. He finished the experiment much more creatively.
（1）限定詞+名詞
a girl
the girl
that girl
three students
the first student
my books
some books
other books
限定詞是放在名詞前面，用來限定名詞所指范圍的詞語。對名詞起泛指或特指作用，表示確定數量或不確定數量的修飾成分。主要包括：
冠詞 (a,an,the)
指示代詞 (this,that,these,those等)
物主代詞 (my,your,his,our,their等)
不定代詞 (some,no,every,other等)
數詞 (one, two, five, first ,second等)
前置定語
（1）名詞+介詞短語
the kids in the park
the students on campus
the key to the door
the answer to the question
a girl with long hair
a man without a job
a gift for my birthday
books for children
the weather of the city
在公園里的小孩
在校園里的學生
這扇門的鑰匙
這個問題的答案
留著長發的一個女孩子
沒有工作的一個人
給我的生日禮物
兒童讀物
這座城市的天氣
后置定語
除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例：
We found the hall full.
我們發現禮堂坐滿了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關東歐局勢的重要報告。
Thank You!

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