資源簡介

(共24張PPT)
Unit 1
Food for thought
Using language
—Listening
Modal Verbs
U1 Grammar—Modal Verbs
Read the sentences from the passage and work out the meanings of the words in bold.
Table manners
have to
dare not
had better
needn’t / don’t have to
be able to
情態動詞 情態動詞短語
現在式 過去式 can could be able to
may might
must have (got) to
shall should ※ought to
will would
Now, Let's check the answers and see who did the best.
Modal verbs
Activity 2: Look at the sentences from the reading passage. Think and work out the meanings of the words in bold.
a. … I was able to hold a knife and fork - and chopsticks!
b. But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.
c. … Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen!
d. … we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, ...
e. “You needn't try it if you don't want to,” Mum said, …
1. be afraid to do something
2. not be necessary to do something
3. give advice to do or not to do something
4. be necessary or give strong advice to do something
5. have the ability to do something
Pair work
Work in pairs and talk about the function of modals. Then match the meanings to those modal verbs.
a-5 b-1 c-4 d-3 e-2
總結情態動詞 be able to, dare&need, have to, had better的用法
Modals
情態動詞 (1)
情態動詞（Modals）本身具有一定的詞義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和動詞原形一起構成謂語。情態動詞雖然數量不多，但用途廣泛。
常用的情態動詞包括can (could), may (might), will (would), shall (should), must, need, dare, had better, ought to, used to等。
be able to后接動詞原形，表示某人做某事的能力，可用于大多數時態。用于過去時態時，還可以表示“某人過去或當時成功地做了某事”。例如：
I will be able to speak Japanese in another few months.
再過幾個月，我就能講日語了。
They were able to escape from the building when the fire broke out.
火災發生時，他們設法從那棟建筑里逃了出去。
1. be able to
be able to表示“能力”時，和can的用法相似。但也有區別：
be able to有多種時態，如: was / were able to, will / shall be able to, have / has been able to等, 而can只有兩種時態，即can和could。
be able to強調通過努力而獲得的能力，而can則強調自身已具有的能力。如：
She can sing the song in English.
她能用英語唱這首歌。
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too.
幾小時之后，他也能用英語唱這首歌。
【be able to 與can的辨析】
be able to 強調一種結果，而can只強調一種可能。如:
Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.
幸運的是，他終于逃出了大火。
If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him.
要是他早幾小時來，我還能救他。
be able to的否定形式是在be后面直接加not，即be not able to，如：
The kid is not able to write.
這孩子不會寫字。
But we may not be able to do this for every scenario.
但是我們不能每一種場景下都這么做。
will/would
(1)用于疑問句，表示請求、邀請
e.g. Will you come to my office after class
(2)表示意愿
e.g. I will never let you down.
Jack said he would love Rose forever.
e.g. If you will help us, we will be very happy.
(3)表示習慣性動作或某種傾向。（第三人稱）
e.g. When she is in trouble, she will turn to her father.
(4)would表示委婉的提出請求，建議或者看法。
e.g. Would you like some coffee？
e.g. I’m afraid the journey would be too expensive.
(5)would表示過去反復發生的動作。
When he was young, he would listen to music alone in his room.
(6)would可用于虛擬語氣
e.g. If I were you, I would try this game.
shall
⑴(用于第一、三人稱）疑問句“表示征求對方意見”
e.g. Shall I open the door /Let’s go home, shall we
Shall he come to see you
(2) (用于第二、三人稱）陳述句“表示許諾、警告、命令、決心、強制或威脅”
e.g. Tell her that she shall have the book tomorrow. e.g. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
e.g. You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
can/could
⑴表示能力
e.g. I believe I can fly.
e.g. The theater can seat 2,500 people.
⑵表示允許，口語中多用could,
e.g. Let’s call it a day. You can have a break now.
e.g. Could I have this dance
⑶表示驚異、懷疑、不相信、失望等態度，主要用于否定句、疑問句或者感嘆句中。
e.g. This can’t be true.\How can you be so careless!
dare用作實義動詞，有時態、人稱和數的變化。所不同的是，作實義動詞時，在肯定句中dare后面通常接帶to的不定式；在否定句和疑問句中，dare后可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如：
a. I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.
我納悶他怎么竟敢說出這樣的話來。
b. He does not dare (to) answer.
他不敢回答。
need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態動詞時，用于否定句和疑問句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。如：
You needn’t come so early.
你不用這么早來。
need作為行為動詞，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中，其后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞或帶 to 的動詞不定式為其賓語。如：
You need to practice reading aloud every day.
注意對need問句的回答:
—Need I finish the work today
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.
needn’t 對其它情態動詞的回答:
—Shall I tell John about it
—No, you needn't / don't have to.
—Must we do it now
—No, you needn't / don't have to.
3. have to
have to和must的意義相近，只是must側重表示說話人的主觀看法，而have to 則表示客觀需要，如：
I must study hard. 我必須努力學習。
You have to hand in your compositions before next Monday.
你必須在下周一之前把作文交上來。
have to 的否定形式是don't have to, 相當于needn't，如：
They don't have to buy a computer at present.
他們目前沒有必要買電腦。
have to 有人稱、數和時態的變化，如：
They had to speed up, for the weather turned terrible.
因為天氣變糟糕了，他們不得不加快速度。
He has to stay at home because of illness. 因為生病，他不得不呆在家里。
had better后接動詞原形，意為“最好”，用于現在時和將來時，可用于一切人稱，沒有任何詞形變化。had better的否定式是在其后加not，疑問式是把had和not提前，例如：
a. You'd better sit here and have a rest.
你最好坐在這兒休息一下。
b. She had better not tell lies any more.
她最好再也別撒謊了。
c. Hadn’t the doctor better see him
醫生是不是去看看他比較好？
4. had better
對過去的推測：
1.You must have gone to bed very late last night, for your eyes are red.
2.He can’t have left. I saw him just now.
3.It’s too late. He might have gone to bed.
表示后悔、責備或遺憾
1.The accident could have been avoided.
2.You ought to have finished your homework yesterday.
3.He shouldn’t have talked to his mom like that.
4.I actually needn’t have cooked so much food—only three people came.
特別提醒：
didn’t need to do 表示“過去不必做，（所以）也沒做某事 ”
--Why didn’t you go to school yesterday
--I didn’t need to because our teachers were all out on holiday.
Conclusion
詞義 Modals
can, could, be able to
can, will, may, could, would, shall, might
must, may, might, can, could
mustn’t, shouldn’t, had better not
should, must, have to
能力,能夠
許可,征詢意見
猜測，可能性
禁止
義務,應該
be able to: have the ability to do something
dare not: be afraid to do something
have to: be necessary or give strong advice to do something
had better: give advice to do or not to do something
needn’t: not be necessary to do something
Retell the meanings of the modals we learnt today.

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