資源簡介

(共25張PPT)
Period Ⅴ　Writing——詩評
UNIT 5　POEMS
點撥 寫作技巧
積累 寫作素材
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1
2
4
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示例 分步寫作
3
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跟蹤 落實檢查
1
點撥 寫作技巧
一、技法指導
寫詩評就是要求我們就有關詩歌進行分析和評論。當然這必須建立在很好地把握原詩主旨的基礎之上，而非羅列原詩的詩句。一首好的詩歌，自然有動人之處。可側重詩中最打動你的某一方面抒發自己的感想。
根據高考的要求，中學階段的詩評不可能做過多的發揮，評價詩歌要言簡意賅，寫出精彩之處，不要拖沓冗長，重復表述。
二、篇章結構
2
積累 寫作素材
一、亮點詞匯
1.title v.(給書籍、樂曲等)加標題
2.be popular with/among 受……的歡迎
3.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的
4.feel the sense of... 感覺到……
5.creative adj. 有創意的
6.arouse v. 引起
7.appeal to 吸引
8.be based on 基于……
9.have an influence on 對……有影響
10.be set in 以……為背景
11.refer to 涉及
二、高級句式
1.首段：介紹詩歌及作者
①Here is a poem titled Thoughts in a Quiet Night written by Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty，which is popular with Chinese readers.
這是一首唐代詩人李白所作的題為《靜夜思》的詩，深受中國讀者的喜愛。
②What do you think of the poems in the Tang Dynasty
你認為唐詩怎么樣？
③These poems are popular among Chinese people and also attract lots of foreigners.
這些詩深受中國人的喜愛，也吸引了許多外國人。
2.中段：簡述詩歌內容
①This poem is about nature and life，whose language is vivid and interesting.
這首詩是關于自然和生活的，其語言生動有趣。
②A Spring Morning is my favourite poem because its words are beautiful and I can feel the sense of spring in it.
《春天的早晨》是我最喜歡的詩，因為它的詩句很美，我能從中感受到春天的感覺。
3.尾段：評論感受
①I strongly recommend you to read the poem and enjoy its beauty.
我強烈建議你讀這首詩，欣賞它的美。
②This poem expresses the poet’s gratitude to mother’s love and teaches us to respect our parents and appreciate their efforts.
這首詩表達了詩人對母愛的感激，并教會我們尊重父母，感恩他們的付出。
3
示例 分步寫作
請根據唐朝詩人李紳的《憫農》，用英語寫出這首詩的大意，并說明詩中所蘊含的作者的思想，以便向你的外國朋友推薦。
Sympathy on the Farmers
At noon，farmers are weeding，
Down the field，sweat is dropping.
Who knows rice on a dish，
Every grain is full of toiling.
注意：1.不得照抄短詩原文；2.必須結合短詩的內容，發揮想象，適當展開；3.必須突出短詩的主題，結構完整，語義連貫；4.短文不能寫成詩歌形式。
第一步：要點翻譯
1.這是李紳的一首詩，名叫《憫農》。
Here is a poem by Li Shen and it ______________________________________
“Sympathy on the Farmers”.
2.李紳很受中國讀者歡迎。
Li Shen ________________________________________ Chinese readers.
3.夏日正午時刻，外面天氣炎熱；農民依然在地里除草。
______________________________________ at this summer noon time.
The farmers ________________________________________.
is titled
is popular with
It is so hot outside
are still weeding in the fields
4.他們全身濕透，汗水頻繁地掉在莊稼生長的土地上。
____________________________________ and their sweat is frequently
________________________________________.The crops grow there.
5.我認為對今天的年輕一代來說，理解這首詩歌并珍惜每粒糧食是很重要的。
I think ___________________________________________________________
the poem and treasure every grain.
They are wet all over
falling into the soil
it’s very important for the young generation today to understand
第二步：詞句升級
1.用過去分詞作后置定語升級要點1，并與要點2合成一個帶有定語從句的句子。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.用as引導的倒裝句升級要點3。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Here is a poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” by Li Shen who is popular with Chinese readers.
Hot as it is outside at this summer noon time，the farmers are still weeding in the fields.
3.用with復合結構和where 引導的定語從句升級要點4。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.用“it is of＋抽象名詞＋主語從句”結構升級要點5。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They are wet all over with their sweat frequently falling into the soil，where the crops grow.
I think it’s of great importance that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain.
第三步：連句成篇
Here is a poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” by Li Shen who is popular with Chinese readers.
It goes like this：Hot as it is outside at this summer noon time，the farmers are still weeding in the fields.They are wet all over with their sweat frequently falling into the soil，where the crops grow.But who knows exactly all our foods，the delicious dishes on our table，come from the hard work of the farmers
Li Shen wrote this poem in order to remind people of the importance of the farmers’ hard work.I think it’s of great importance that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain.
跟蹤 落實檢查
4
請閱讀下面這首紀伯倫所作的詩歌，然后按要求與提示寫一篇短文。
On Children
Your children are not your children.
They are the sons and daughters of Life’s longing for itself.
They come through you but not from you，
And though they are with you yet they belong not to you.
You may give them your love but not your thoughts，
For they have their own thoughts.
You may house their bodies but not their souls，
For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow，
which you cannot visit，not even in your dreams.
You may strive to be like them，
but seek not to make them like you.
For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday.
You are the bows from which your children
as living arrows are sent forth.
The archer sees the mark upon the path of the infinite，
and He bends you with His might
that His arrows may go swift and far.
Let your bending in the archer’s hand be for gladness；
For even as He loves the arrow that flies，
so He loves also the bow that is stable.
Kahlil Gibran
注意：1.簡述詩歌描寫的內容；
2.談談詩歌的特點和表達的情感；
3.談談對你的影響或讓你產生的感受。
【參考范文】
The poem On Children describes parents’ relationship with their children.The poet is saying that your children are not your property，and that they are individual people with their own thoughts and souls that should be respected.Parents should not try and make their children exactly like themselves.The poet compares a parent and child to a bow and arrow to describe this relationship.The parent is the bow，which should remain stable and reliable，and the child is the arrow，which one should make sure is fired straight and true.
I think the poet was filled with love for children when he wrote this，and also knowledge that he had come to understand himself.The reason why I love this poem is that I think it will help people become better parents by showing them that it is better not to control their children too much.They should be there to look after them when they need it and guide them on their way.
THANKS
本節內容結束(共40張PPT)
Period Ⅳ　Using Language & Other Parts of the Unit
UNIT 5　POEMS
聽力 微技能
研讀 教材原文
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1
2
4
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夯實 語言基礎
3
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精析 核心要點
1
聽力 微技能
利用經驗常識
如果遇到一個你熟悉的主題，在聽之前你可以想想你已經知道有關該主題的方方面面。利用經驗常識將使你更容易預測你會聽到什么內容。這也會減少你的焦慮并幫助你在聽時更好地理解對話。
雖然在聽錄音之前很難確定題目的確切內容，但選擇項的結構和內容往往暗示問題的類型和大致內容。 具體來說，在短對話中，每一道題對應的是單獨的一段對話，因此每道題之間沒有聯系，考生預讀時只有通過預讀一道題來猜測該對話的主題與可能答案；而在長對話題和短文題中，同一個對話或短文對應的是數道題，這些題目之間具有聯系，因此考生在預讀時需要注意兩點：一是注意題目之間的聯系，要學會根據題目之間內容的關聯作出一個前后推導；二是要綜合數道題目所暗示的信息來預測長對話或短文的中心思想，因為正確選項很多時候都與中心思想相關。
【典題印證1】　Where does the conversation probably take place
A.In a bank. B.At a ticket office. C.On a train.
[聽力原文]　
W：May I help you
M：Yes.When is the next train to London
W：Oh，let me check.It leaves in twenty minutes.
M：One ticket，please.
[解題思路]　B　[對話中能提示是在售票處的關鍵信息有 “When is the next train”、 “let me check”和“One ticket，please”，這些都是買車票時的常用語。]
【典題印證2】　Who is Macy
A.Ed’s mother. B.Ed’s teacher. C.Ed’s friend.
[聽力原文]　
W：How is little Ed doing at the kindergarten，Jack
M：Oh，he’s doing fairly well.It’s been three weeks since he first started going，so Macy and I are pretty used to it now.You should have seen Macy cry when Ed was about to set off on the first day，though.
W：I think that’s a normal reaction for mothers.You live quite close to the kindergarten，don’t you How does he get there
…
[解題思路]　A　[由男士所說“ You should have seen Macy cry...on the first day，though.”及女士所說“ I think that’s a normal reaction for mothers.”可知，Macy在Ed上學的第一天哭了，而女士說這是作為媽媽的正常反應，由此可知Macy是Ed的媽媽。]
2
研讀 教材原文
Step Ⅰ　Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How do I know where the wind goes
A.I go with the wind.
B.I can detect the direction.
C.I know it by observing where the kite is blown.
D.I know it by guessing.
√
√
2.What isn’t mentioned in the first poem
A.The wind. B.A day.
C.A night. D.A tall tree.
3.What can we infer from the poem DREAM
A.No matter how hard life is，we should have a dream.
B.Dreams can change our life.
C.Life and dream are inseparable.
D.Dreams don’t have a positive influence on people.
√
√
4.What is the poem A MATCH about
A.Ideal. B.Love.
C.Friendship. D.Race.
(Ⅱ)Fill in the blanks according to the text.
wind
dreams
grow
Step Ⅱ　Read for beautiful sentences
(Ⅰ)Read the example and find out the sentences that show the rhyme.
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
(Ⅱ)Read the example and find out the sentences that show the different images from the poem.
_____________________________________________________________________
...I can hear that the ends of the second and fourth sentences rhyme...
These rhyming words sound nice and make the poem pleasing to read.
The last word from the sixth and eighth sentences also rhyme...
I learnt a new phrase，“hold fast”，which means...
When I close my eyes，I can see...I start to feel...when I read these lines!
3
夯實 語言基礎
Ⅰ.寫作單詞——記其形
1.____________ n.最后期限；截止日期
2.____________ n.比賽；競賽；競爭 vt.爭取贏得(比賽、選舉等)；爭辯
3.____________ vt.修改；潤色；拋光 n.上光劑；拋光；擦亮
4.____________ n.細繩；線；一串 vt.懸掛；系 adj.弦樂器的；線織的
5.____________ conj.在任何地方；在所有……的情況下 adv.(用于問句)究竟在(到)哪里
deadline
contest
polish
string
wherever
Ⅱ.閱讀單詞——知其意
1.sonnet n. ________________
2.barren adj. ____________________
3.grief n. ____________________
4.prejudice n. ________________
vt. ___________________
十四行詩
貧瘠的；不結果實的
悲傷；悲痛；傷心事
偏見；成見
使懷有(或形成)偏見
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——通其變
1.dominate v.支配；控制
____________ adj.首要的；占支配地位的；顯著的
2.complicate vt.(使)復雜化，變復雜
____________ adj.復雜的；難懂的
3.contest n.比賽；競賽；競爭 vt.爭取贏得(比賽、選舉等)；爭辯
____________ n.競爭者；比賽者
dominant
complicated
contestant
4.vary vi.變化
____________ n.變化；變體；變奏曲
____________ n.品種；種類；變化
____________ adj.不同的，各種各樣的
5.prejudice n.偏見；成見 vt.使懷有(或形成)偏見
____________ adj.有偏見的；有成見的；歧視的
6.race n.種族，人種
____________ adj.種族的；人種的
variation
variety
various
prejudiced
racial
Ⅳ.必備短語——英漢譯
1.________________趕得上；和……保持聯系
2.______________________緊緊抓住；抓住不放；保持住
3.________________盼望
4.________________基于
5.________________除……之外(還有，也)
6.________________開始；開端；起初
7.________________關心，關懷
8.________________謀生
9.________________如果是這樣的話
keep up with
hold fast to/hold onto
look forward to
based on
in addition to
in the beginning
care about
make a living
if so
10.inspire sb to do sth　　 ________________
11.look like ________________
12.be in love with ________________
13.be sure about ________________
14.think about ________________
15.pour out ________________
鼓舞某人做某事
看起來像
愛上……
確信……
考慮
傾吐；訴說
Ⅴ.常用句型——會仿寫
1.句型公式：“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構
[原句]　Using prior knowledge will make it easier for you to predict what you will hear.
使用先前的知識將使你更容易預測到你將聽到的內容。
仿寫： 父母相信，大量的表揚會讓孩子更加自信，這實際上會對他們產生負面影響。
Parents are convinced that plenty of praise will __________________________，
which actually has a negative effect on them.
make kids more confident
2.句型公式：wherever引導讓步狀語從句
[原句]　Wherever it blew，I should know...
無論它吹到哪里，我該知道……
仿寫： 將來無論我去哪里，我都會努力保護并豐富我們自己的傳統文化。
____________________________________，I’ll make great efforts to preserve and enrich our own traditional culture.
Wherever I go in the future
3.句型公式：過去分詞(短語)作狀語
[原句]　Based on what you have learnt about Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi from this book，what do you think they have in common
根據你從這本書中對范仲淹和蘇軾的了解，你認為他們有什么共同之處？
仿寫： 她受了重傷，必須馬上送往醫院。
_________________________________，she has to be sent to hospital at once.
Seriously injured
精析 核心要點
4
1.dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；顯著的
·dominate v.支配；控制
[佳句背誦]　The biggest input in our economy and the dominant cost is energy.
我們經濟中最大的投入和主要成本是能源。
[活學巧用]　語境辨義
Therefore，the accumulating assessment plays the dominant status in primary English teaching.__________________
It has been recognized for some time now that metaphor is a dominant and widespread feature of natural language.____________
adj.占支配地位的
adj.顯著的
2.polish vt.修改；潤色；拋光 n.上光劑；拋光；擦亮
·polished adj.磨光的；擦亮的；嫻熟的
[佳句背誦]　I’m writing to ask you to help me to polish our English short play adapted from our English textbook.(求助信，全國Ⅲ卷)
我寫信是想請你幫我潤色一下我們根據英語課本改編的英語短劇。
polish sth up　提高(技能)；改善(外表等)；擦亮，擦光
polish sth off 很快做完；(尤指)迅速吃光
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
You should polish ____________ your English before traveling abroad.
The children loved sliding round the newly ____________(polish) floor.
Instantly he returned home from school，he ____________________________，strode into his bedroom and began to study.(動作鏈)
他一從學校回到家，就狼吞虎咽地吃了兩碗飯，然后大步走進臥室開始學習。
up
polished
polished off two bowls of rice
3.complicated adj.復雜的；難懂的
·complicate vt.(使)復雜化，變復雜
[佳句背誦]　With not so complicated plot，the short play is about that Finn and his friend Tom made a plan to save Jim from the farm.
(求助信，全國Ⅲ卷)
這部短劇情節并不復雜，講述的是芬恩和他的朋友湯姆制訂了一個從農場拯救吉姆的計劃。
get complicated　　變得復雜
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
A ________________ (complicate)feeling surrounded him，and he decided to cancel his plan and stay with the old madam.
However，the mixed marriages are far ____________________ (complicate) than the mere love.
The issue _______________________________________ that a vital document is missing.
由于缺少一份重要文件這個事實，問題變得復雜了。
complicated
more complicated
gets complicated by the fact
4.prejudice n.偏見；成見 vt.使懷有(或形成)偏見
·prejudiced adj.有偏見的；偏頗的
[佳句背誦]　There was a deep－rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries became rivals and went to war.
早在這兩個國家成為敵人并且兵戎相見之前，它們之間就有了根深蒂固的種族偏見。
have (a) prejudice against sb/sth對……有偏見
be prejudiced against... 對……有偏見
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
There is no denying that there is a little prejudice ____________ labors from African countries.
Never _____________________________________________________________ those in poverty.Instead he always conveys his genuine sympathy for them and seeks to help them.(人物介紹)
他從不對窮人抱有偏見，相反，他總是對他們表達真誠的同情并努力幫助他們。
against
does he have (a) prejudice against/is he prejudiced against
1.Using prior knowledge will make it easier for you to predict what you will hear.
使用先前的知識將使你更容易預測到你將聽到的內容。
句型公式|“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構
(1)“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構中，賓語補足語可由名詞、形容詞、不帶to的不定式、過去分詞或介詞短語充當。
(2)make＋it＋賓語補足語(名詞或形容詞)＋不定式短語或從句；可用于類似結構的詞還有：think，believe，suppose，find，consider，feel等。
(3)make＋oneself＋heard/understood/known讓人聽到/理解/知道自己
[佳句背誦]　
In this way，we’ll make this interview more productive.
(邀請信，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
這樣，我們將使訪談更有成效。
I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.(2022·浙江1月卷)
我覺得他對待我就像我會阻止他，可能會讓他在課程中得不到“A”。
However，we find it extremely hard to use proper tone to speak the lines，which has annoyed us for quite a long time.(求助信，全國Ⅲ卷)
然而，我們發現很難用恰當的語調來說臺詞，這讓我們很長一段時間都很惱火。
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
I think ____________ necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
As middle school students，we should make it a rule ____________ (say)“No” to food waste.
You’d better speak louder to make yourself ____________ (hear) by others.
After everyone concerned was seated，there was a ceremony of raising the national flag，_______________________________.(活動介紹，天津7月卷)
當所有相關人員就座后，舉行了升國旗儀式，這讓我們興奮不已。
it
to say
heard
which made us excited
2.Wherever it blew，I should know...
無論它吹到哪里，我該知道……
句型公式|wherever引導讓步狀語從句
(1)wherever，whenever，however，whoever，whichever，whatever 等引導讓步狀語從句，相當于“no matter＋疑問詞”。
(2)whoever，whichever，whatever 等也可引導名詞性從句，相當于anyone that 或anything that，但是“no matter＋疑問詞”不能引導名詞性從句。
[佳句背誦]　
Indeed，I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance，whatever difficulties might arise.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
的確，我嘗到了勝利的滋味，學會了不管遇到什么困難，都要堅持不懈地追求自己的夢想。
For example，we are taking advantage of various online programs for further study，which allow us to learn knowledge wherever we are at any time，making it easier to earn a degree.(發言稿，2021·全國乙卷)
例如，我們正在利用各種在線課程進行進一步學習，這些課程允許我們隨時隨地學習知識，從而更容易獲得學位。
As far as I’m concerned，whatever method suits us best is a good choice.
(短文投稿，2022·全國乙卷)
就我而言，任何最適合我們的方法都是一個好的選擇。
[活學巧用]　選詞填空(whenever/whoever/whatever)/補全句子
____________ grade the team received would be shared by both students.
(2022·浙江1月卷)
____________ I walked into the room she would hide the doll under a pillow.
____________ found and returned the glasses would receive a special gift.
________________________________________，we will try our best and we all want to be the winner.
無論我們的團隊在哪里訓練，我們都會盡力而為，我們都希望能贏。
Whatever
Whatever
Whoever
Wherever our team are training
THANKS
本節內容結束(共24張PPT)
UNIT 5　POEMS
讀后續寫微技能五
情緒描寫之各種“哭”
1.She hugged her child tightly with her eyes flooded with tears of gratitude.
她緊緊地抱住孩子，眼里滿是感激的淚水。
2.When the girl heard the news，her heart ached，and she started to sob，and couldn’t stop crying.
聽到這個消息，女孩心痛，她開始抽泣起來，哭個不停。
3.There was a lump in my throat and I felt I would cry.
我哽咽了，我覺得我要哭了。
4.His eyes were filled with tears as his hard work paid off.
因為他的努力得到了回報，他熱淚盈眶。
5.He held/fought back his tears and tried to comfort her.
他忍住淚水，并試圖安慰她。
The next evening we welcomed Mrs Mueller back at her door.She slowly made her way into the house and turned on the lights.Greeted by the sparkling Christmas tree，Mrs Mueller was rooted to the spot，1._____________________.
Then a sweet smile appeared on her face and 2.____________________________.
3.____________________________ and said softly，“Thank you so much.”
第二天晚上，我們在米勒太太家門口迎接她。她慢慢地走進屋子，打開了燈。看到閃閃發光的圣誕樹，米勒太太呆呆地站在那里，顯得很驚訝。然后，她臉上露出了甜蜜的微笑，淚水涌上了她的眼睛。她強忍住淚水，輕聲說：“非常感謝。”
looking surprised
tears welled up in her eyes
She held back her tears
研讀 教材原文
Period Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking——通文本
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
1.What is the passage mainly about
A.Various reasons for writing poems.
B.How to recite a poem.
C.Some simple forms of English poems.
D.How to learn a poem.
√
2.Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (Para.1)　 A.Types of poems and their characteristics.
Part 2 (Paras.2－6) B.Encourage readers to write their own poems.
Part 3 (Para.7) C.Reasons for people composing poetry.
答案　Part 1 C　Part 2 A　Part 3 B
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
(Ⅰ)Answer the following questions.
1.Why do people compose poetry
(Ask the students to find out the answer by scanning the first paragraph quickly，try to translate it into Chinese and pay attention to useful expressions. If possible，encourage them to keep them in mind.)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind.Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.
寫詩________________________________________
敘事________________________________________
描述某個形象________________________________________
在讀者的心中________________________________________
傳達某些情感________________________________________
compose poetry
tell a story
describe a certain image
in the reader’s mind
convey certain feelings
2.What are distinctive characteristics of poetry
(Ask the students to find out the answer by scanning the first paragraph quickly，try to translate it into Chinese and pay attention to useful expressions. If possible，encourage them to keep them in mind.)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words，descriptive and vivid language，integrated imagery，literary devices such as similes and metaphors，and arrangement of words，lines，rhymes，and rhythm.
用詞簡潔________________________________________
語言生動形象________________________________________
整合的意象________________________________________
文學手法________________________________________
比喻和隱喻________________________________________
詞的排列________________________________________
economical use of words
descriptive and vivid language
integrated imagery
literary devices
simile and metaphor
arrangement of words
√
(Ⅱ)Read the text quickly and choose the best answer.
1.What is the baby’s father going to buy if the mockingbird won’t sing in Poem A
A.A billy goat. B.A diamond ring.
C.A looking glass. D.A cart and bull.
√
2.The reasons why many children enjoy nursery rhymes are as follows EXCEPT that ________.
A.they have a strong rhythm
B.they are easy to learn
C.they are easy to recite
D.they are traditional poems or folk songs
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Poem B
A.Shells on the shore.
B.Cottages on the hills.
C.Dewdrops on the grass.
D.Butterflies on the lawn.
√
4.What kind of feeling is conveyed in Poem B
A.Sorrow. B.Love.
C.Happiness. D.Loneliness.
5.What kind of feeling is conveyed in Poem F
A.Loneliness. B.Sorrow.
C.Love. D.All the above.
√
√
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How is the text organized
A.Topic—Argument—Explanation.
B.Opinion—Discussion—Description.
C.Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples.
D.Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion.
2.How many forms of poetry are mentioned in this passage
A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six.
√
√
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
Are poems good for our life What can we get from poems？(Critical thinking)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
[句式分析]　此句為復合句。“One of the simplest kinds of poem is the ‘list poem’”為主句；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“list poem”，其中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞“a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions”。
嘗試翻譯：_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
最簡單的一種詩歌形式之一是“清單詩”，它包含了一系列發展特定主題的事物、人物、思想或描述。
2.Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
[句式分析]　此句為復合句。“Another simple form of poem is the cinquain”為主句；that 引導定語從句，修飾先行詞“simple form of poem”；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“the cinquain”。
嘗試翻譯：________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
另一種業余愛好者可以輕易寫出的簡單詩歌形式是五行詩，它是由五行詩句組成的。
3.It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.
[句式分析]　此句是簡單句。“It is easy to write”使用了“be＋adj.＋to do”結構，動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動含義；“using very few words”為現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。
嘗試翻譯：________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
它(俳句)易于創作，而且與五行詩一樣，寥寥數語即可展現一幅清晰的畫面，創造出一種特殊的情感。
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
There are various reasons 1.____________ people compose poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe 2._____________ certain image in the reader’s mind.Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.Poets use many different forms of poetry to express 3.______________(them).Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy 4.______________(learn) and recite.One of the
why
a
themselves
to learn
simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，5.____________ contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.Another simple form of poem is the cinquain，6.____________(make) up of five lines. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.It is not a 7._________________(tradition) form of English poetry，but is very popular 8.___________________ English writers.English speakers also enjoy poems from China，those from the Tang Dynasty in particular.A lot of Tang poetry 9.____________________ (translate) into English.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may 10.______________(eventual) want to write poems of your own.
which
made
traditional
with
has been translated
eventually
THANKS
本節內容結束(共39張PPT)
Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language——析考點
UNIT 5　POEMS
2
///////
夯實 語言基礎
1
///////
精析 核心要點
1
夯實 語言基礎
Ⅰ.寫作單詞——記其形
1.____________ vt.背誦；吟誦；列舉
2.____________ n.蝴蝶
3.____________ n.情緒；心情；語氣
4.____________ n.(pl.shelves)架子；擱板
5.____________ adj.空白的；無圖畫(或韻律、裝飾)的；沒表情的 n.空白；空格 v.突然忘掉
6.____________ n.版本，(從不同角度的)說法
recite
butterfly
mood
shelf
blank
version
Ⅱ.閱讀單詞——知其意
1.folk adj. _____________________________
2.bull n. ________________
3.core n. ___________________________
4.seed n. __________________
5.delicate adj. __________________________
民間的；民俗的；普通百姓的
公牛
核心；精髓；(水果的)核兒
種子；起源；萌芽
精美的；精致的；脆弱的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——通其變
1.drama n.戲；劇；戲劇藝術
____________ adj.戲劇(性)的；突然的
____________ adv.突然地；戲劇性地；引人注目地
2.sorrow n.悲傷；悲痛；傷心事 vi.感到悲傷
____________ adj.悲傷的；悲哀的
3.image n.形象
____________ n.形象的描述；意象；像
dramatic
dramatically
sorrowful
imagery
4.literary adj.文學的；愛好文學的；有文學作品特征的
____________ n.文學；著作；文獻
5.respective adj.分別的；各自的
____________ adv.分別；各自；依次為
6.comprehend vt.理解；懂；領會
_______________ adj.綜合性的；全面的
_______________ n.理解力；領悟力；理解練習
7.sympathy n.同情；贊同
____________ adj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的
literature
respectively
comprehensive
comprehension
sympathetic
8.innocence n.天真；單純；無罪
____________ adj.天真無邪的；無辜的；無惡意的
9.correspond vi.相一致；符合；相當于；通信
_______________ n.來往信件；通信聯系
______________ n.記者；通信員
innocent
correspondence
correspondent
Ⅳ.必備短語——英漢譯
1.________________有意義；講得通
2.________________轉向
3.________________由……組成(構成)
4.________________由……組成
5.________________受……的歡迎
6.________________簡明恰當；簡潔中肯
7.________________把……翻譯成……
make sense
turn to
be made up of
consist of
be popular with
to the point
translate...into...
8.choose from 　　　 ________________
9.of one’s own ________________
10.learn about ________________
11.make a difference ________________
從……中選擇
屬于某人自己的
了解
有影響，有關系
Ⅴ.常用句型——會仿寫
1.句型公式：why引導定語從句
[原句]　There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
人們寫詩有各種各樣的原因。
仿寫： 我不得不獨自照顧她的原因是我父母都出差了。
The reason ____________________________________________________
was that my parents both went on business.
why I had to look after her on my own
2.句型公式：be＋adj.＋to do
[原句]　The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite.
這些詩可能沒什么意義，甚至看來自相矛盾，但它們容易學習和背誦。
仿寫：令我很不滿意的是，手機不好操作，給我帶來了很多不便。
Much to my dissatisfaction，the cellphone _____________________________，
causing me much inconvenience.
is not easy to operate
3.句型公式：some...，while others...
[原句]　Some rhyme (like B and C)，while others do not.
有些押韻(如詩歌B和詩歌C)，而另一些則不押韻。
仿寫： 一些人去收集不同種類的廢料，而另一些人則試圖充分利用這些材料。
_____________________________________ different kinds of waste materials，___________________________________________________________________.
Some went to collect
while others tried to make full use of these materials
4.句型公式：with復合結構
[原句]　With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventually want to write poems of your own.
有這么多不同形式的詩歌可供選擇，你可能最終想寫自己的詩。
仿寫： 由于有很多問題要處理，他下周會很忙。
________________________________________，he will be busy next week.
With a lot of problems to deal with
精析 核心要點
2
1.sorrow n.悲傷；悲痛；傷心事 vi.感到悲傷
·sorrowful adj.悲傷的；悲哀的
·sorrowfully adv.悲傷地
[佳句背誦]　Worse still，his father，who was in deep sorrow，lost his job at the same time.
更糟糕的是，他的父親深陷悲痛之中，同時也失去了工作。
to one’s sorrow　使某人悲傷的是
drown one’s sorrows 借酒澆愁
in sorrow 悲傷地
sorrow at/over/for sth 對某事感到悲傷
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
____________ his sorrow，none of them were in favour of him.
In those days，I felt very ____________(sorrow) because I thought neither of my parents cared about me.
_________________________________________________________________
his friend’s accident.(情緒描寫)
聽到朋友出事的消息，他表示哀傷。
To
sorrowful
He expressed his sorrow at/over/for the news of
My mother ________________________________________________________，
her head bowing over her arms and her body shaking with sob.(情緒＋動作描寫)
母親悲傷而懊悔地坐在我床邊的椅子上，低著頭，雙臂抱在懷里，全身因抽泣而顫抖。
sank in the chair near my bed with sorrow and regret
2.mood n.情緒；心情；語氣
·moody adj.喜怒無常的
[佳句背誦]　Depressed，she felt in no mood to do anything but weep in her room.(情緒描寫)
她很沮喪，除了在房間里哭泣，什么也不想做。
in a good/bad mood　心情好/不好
put sb in a better mood 使某人心情更好
be/feel in the/no mood for... 有/沒……的心情
be/feel in the/no mood to do sth 有/沒做某事的心情
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
I was ____________ (mood)，depressed，lonely，and I didn’t smile much.
________________________________________ she almost jumped up，tears of happiness filling her eyes.(情緒描寫)
簡心情如此好，以至于她幾乎要跳起來，眼里噙滿了喜悅的淚水。
moody
Jane was in such a good mood that
3.sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的
·sympathy n.同情；贊同
[佳句背誦]　She was very sympathetic to/towards the problems of adult students.
她對成年學生的問題很同情。
(1)be sympathetic to/towards對……有同情心/贊同
(2)show/feel/have/express sympathy for 同情/體恤……
in sympathy with 贊同；支持
out of sympathy with 不贊成；不支持
[活學巧用]　
單句語法填空/補全句子/一句多譯
Even though David couldn’t run fast due to his body disability，we all were ____________ sympathy with his joining in the running race.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
_______________________________________ your falling ill during your stay in Beijing.(慰問信)
你在北京突然生病，我寫信深表同情。
in
I’m writing to express my sympathy for
Meredith太太同情窮人，因此每當有時間的時候，她都會給他們帶來食物和藥品。(新高考Ⅰ卷)
→Mrs Meredith ____________________________________，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathetic)
→Mrs Meredith ____________________________________，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathy)
was sympathetic towards/to the poor
had sympathy for the poor
4.correspondence n.來往信件；通信聯系
·correspond vi.相一致；符合；相當于；通信
·correspondent n.記者；通信員
[佳句背誦]　The editor welcomes correspondence from readers on any subject.
編輯歡迎讀者就任何問題來信。
(1)in correspondence with　與……一致；與……有通信聯系
(2)correspond with sb 和某人通信
correspond to/with sth 與某物相一致；符合
correspond to sth 類似于；相當于
[活學巧用]　
單句語法填空/補全句子/一句多譯
What we required you to do is corresponding ____________ the contract.
I have been corresponding ____________ him since we graduated from college.
Only when we make our actions ______________________________________
can we win the trust of others.(主旨升華)
只有言行一致，我們才能贏得他人的信任。
to/with
with
correspond with/to our words
我過去經常寫信與朋友聯絡，而現在網絡使我們的溝通更方便了。
→I used to _______________________________________ while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.(correspond)
→I used to be ____________________________________ while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.(correspondence)
correspond with my friends
in correspondence with my friends
5.be made up of 由……組成(構成)
[佳句背誦]　Life is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.We should be brave in front of difficulties.(主旨升華)
生活不僅由陽光組成，也由艱難的時光組成。我們應該在困難面前勇敢。
(1)be made up of (＝be composed/comprised of＝consist of) 由……組成(或構成)
be made of 由……制成(從制成品中能看出原材料)
be made from 由……制成(從制成品中一般看不出或很難看出原材料)
be made into 被制成……
(2)make up 編造；化妝；和好
make up for 彌補
make out 理解；辨認；開具(發票等)
[活學巧用]　
單句語法填空/補全句子/同義句轉換
You are not telling the truth.You are just making ____________ a story.
I made a commitment to my sick partner determinedly，“While I am not good at doing a project，I will ________________________________________
and perseverance.”(2022·浙江1月卷)
我堅定地對我生病的搭檔做出承諾：“雖然我不擅長做項目，但我會用努力和毅力來彌補它。”
up
make up for it with hard work
The medical team made up of three doctors and seven nurses was sent to the earthquake－stricken area.
→The medical team ___________________________________ three doctors and seven nurses was sent to the earthquake－stricken area.
A life worth living should be made up of continuous efforts and progress.
→A life worth living should ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
→A life worth living should ________________________________________.
consisting of
be composed/comprised of continuous efforts and progress
consist of continuous efforts and progress
1.There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
人們寫詩有各種各樣的原因。
句型公式|why 引導定語從句
(1)That’s why...那就是為什么……(why引導表語從句表示結果)
(2)That’s because...那是因為……(because引導表語從句表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...
……的原因是……(表語從句常用that引導，而不用because)
[佳句背誦]　
You have a full preparation before this event，which is the most important reason why you show up here.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
你在這次活動之前有充分的準備，這是你出現在這里的最重要原因。
The mother’s eyes widened at the sight of the breakfast tray.That was because the twins gave her a surprising gift.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
母親一看到早餐托盤就睜大了眼睛。那是因為這對雙胞胎給了她一份令人驚訝的禮物。
That was why I just played in the shallow part of the sea.
這就是為什么我只是在海的淺水區玩耍。
The reason why you should show up is that you have made full preparations for this event.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
你應該出席的原因是你已經為這次活動做了充分的準備。
[名師點津]　先行詞是the reason時，定語從句的引導詞需根據定語從句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少狀語，用why；如果缺少主語或賓語，則用that/which。
There are several reasons which account for my preference.
有幾個原因可以解釋我的偏好。
[活學巧用]　單句語法填空/補全句子
A bright smile shone on Tom’s face like a diamond.The reason ____________ he explained to me was that he won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
The reason ____________ I am starving for the position is that I can help foreigners have a better understanding of Chinese culture.(申請信)
_________________________________________________________________
is that we must protect the environment and the earth.(倡議書)
我們倡導建設低碳校園的原因是我們必須保護環境和地球。
(that/which)
why
The reason why we advocate building a low－carbon campus
2.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite.
這些詩可能沒什么意義，甚至看來自相矛盾，但它們容易學習和背誦。
句型公式|be＋adj.＋to do
此句型結構為：主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋動詞不定式，使用此結構需具備兩個前提條件：
(1)常用的形容詞有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。
(2)不定式和句子的主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系；若不定式為不及物動詞，其后應該加相應的介詞。
[佳句背誦]　
Secondly，being polite and friendly，I am easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.(申請信)
其次，我有禮貌，很友好，很容易與他人相處，也很喜歡與他人一起工作。
The bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control.
這輛自行車似乎太重，難以控制。
Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me，they are easy to answer.
盡管有些問題對我來說似乎不熟悉，但它們很容易回答。
[活學巧用]　補全句子/同義句轉換
______________________________________ and he has good communication skills，so please take my recommendation into account.(推薦信)
他很容易相處，而且有很好的溝通技巧，所以請把我的推薦納入考慮。
In summer，fresh air ____________________________________ and natural scenery _______________________________.
在夏季，人們可以舒服地呼吸新鮮空氣，愉悅地享受自然風光。
He is easy to get on with
is comfortable to breathe
is pleasant to enjoy
It is not difficult to change your present situation if you take the above suggestions.(建議信)
→___________________________________________________________________
if you take the above suggestions.(用“主語＋be＋形容詞＋動詞不定式”改寫)
Your present situation is not difficult to change
THANKS
本節內容結束(共42張PPT)
Period Ⅲ　Grammar——復習定語從句
UNIT 5　POEMS
圖解 語法脈絡
感知 語法規律
///////
1
2
4
///////
///////
精講 語法知識
3
///////
跟蹤 落實檢查
1
圖解 語法脈絡
2
感知 語法規律
觀察下面的句子，并感知定語從句的用法。
1.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
2.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
3.The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
6.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
7.There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
8.Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now
9.Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
10.The haiku poem[E] on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
3
精講 語法知識
一、關系代詞的用法
關系代詞 先行詞 在從句中充當的成分
who 人 主、賓、表
whom 人 賓
which 物 主、賓、表
that 人或物 主、賓、表
as 人或物 主、賓、表
whose 人或物 定
We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
我們有學生說他們回家和父母談過了，現在他們的飲食習慣不一樣了。
One day I read the last chapter of a book，the title of which I’ve long since forgotten.(2023·全國乙卷)
有一天，我讀了一本書的最后一章，書名我早就忘記了。
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培養) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
這本書的第二部分將更深入地探討一些想法，這些想法將幫助你培養一種可持續的數字極簡主義生活方式。
Fruit juices，milk－based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
(2023·全國甲卷)
果汁、牛奶飲料和大多數酒精飲料都是免稅的，每年生產量不到100萬升的小公司也是如此。
Even though Britain has a reputation for less－than－impressive cuisine，it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.(2023·全國乙卷)
盡管英國在烹飪方面有著不那么令人印象深刻的名聲，但它正在培養出更多的頂級廚師，他們經常出現在我們的電視屏幕上，他們的菜譜經常登上暢銷書排行榜的榜首。
[名師點津]　(1)關系代詞who，whom，which，that在從句中作賓語時可省略；但介詞提前時不能省略，也不能用that。who可取代whom在從句中作動詞的賓語，也可省略。直接跟在介詞后面作賓語時，只能用whom，且不能省略。
(2)whose既表示人又表示物，在從句中作定語，往往修飾名詞，whose常表達“某人的，某物的”之意。whose表示物時，whose＋名詞＝the＋名詞＋of which；表示人時，whose＋名詞＝the＋名詞＋of whom。
She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden，so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
(關系代詞whom作介詞of的賓語，且不能省略，2022·浙江1月卷)
她還承認研究對象相對較少且都是來自瑞典的女性，因此研究結果可能不適用于其他群體。
I’m writing to tell you that our school has scheduled a Chinese speech contest，whose theme is “China in My Eyes”.
→I’m writing to tell you that our school has scheduled a Chinese speech contest，the theme of which is “China in My Eyes”.
我寫信告訴你，我們學校已經安排了一場中文演講比賽，主題是“我眼中的中國”。
Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.(天津7月卷)
→Dr.Rowan，the secretary of whom resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
羅文博士的秘書兩周前辭職，他不得不自己打字。
(3)as用在限制性定語從句中時，先行詞必須有such，so，as或the same等修飾，且as在從句中作賓語時不能省略。
Believe it or not，we have found such materials as are used in that factory.
信不信由你，我們已經找到了那家工廠使用的材料。
二、關系代詞that和which的用法區別
只用that 的情況 ①先行詞是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，something，nothing，none等不定代詞時
②先行詞被any，few，little，much，some，no等詞修飾或被the only，the very，the same，the last等修飾時
③先行詞是形容詞的最高級或先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時
④先行詞是序數詞或先行詞前有序數詞對其進行修飾時
⑤先行詞既指人又指物時
⑥主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑問句時
⑦先行詞在主句中作表語或關系詞在從句中作表語時
只用which 的情況 ①在非限制性定語從句中用which不用that
②介詞后邊用which不用that
I work on anything that excites me.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我做任何讓我興奮的事。
That is the only French phrase (that) I mastered，and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
這是我唯一掌握的法語短語，可惜我沒有常用它。
So the first thing (that) we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth－floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
所以，我們做的第一件事就是租一套昂貴的第六層公寓，只有櫥柜大小。
The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well－known now.
你剛才提到的那位著名作家和他的書現在非常有名。
However，that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus，which accommodated around 250，000 people.(2021·全國乙卷)
然而，與該市的馬克西姆斯馬戲團相比，這只不過是小巫見大巫，該馬戲團可容納約25萬人。
It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break，for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
碰巧在我們的春假期間，市中心的工廠需要八個孩子臨時幫忙，對于春假除了聽我最喜歡的唱片，我沒有其他計劃。
三、關系副詞的用法
關系副詞when，why，where在定語從句中分別代替表示時間、原因、地點的先行詞，并分別在從句中作時間、原因、地點狀語。另外關系副詞也可根據其在句中的搭配關系，轉換成“介詞＋關系代詞”的結構。
關系副詞 先行詞 在從句中的作用
when 表示時間的名詞 時間狀語
where 表示地點的名詞 地點狀語
why 表示原因的名詞(只用reason) 原因狀語
Some of our memories are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little.
(關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我們的一些記憶很有趣，尤其是在我們的孩子還小的時候。
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.(關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語，2022·全國甲卷)
每個周末，這是“威爾士”頂級喜劇俱樂部，在這里度過一段美好時光是觀眾和喜劇明星的共同要求。
The reason why I am writing to you is that I quarreled with my friend Lucy and I need your help now.(關系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語)
我給你寫信的原因是我和我的朋友露西吵架了，我現在需要你的幫助。
[名師點津]　
(1)當先行詞是表示時間、地點或原因的名詞，但在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，則用關系代詞that/which引導。
(2)當先行詞為表示方式的the way且在從句中作狀語時，從句不能用how來引導，應該用that或in which，或省略不用。
(3)表示抽象地點的名詞(case，scene，stage，career，situation，condition，life，point等)作先行詞，且從句中缺少地點狀語時，常用關系副詞where引導定語從句。
(4)occasion等作先行詞時，且從句中缺少時間狀語，常用關系副詞when。
At last he got the position (that/which) he had been dreaming of.
他最終得到了他夢寐以求的那個職位。
After a while，she apologized for the way (in which/that) she behaved at the beginning.(全國Ⅲ卷)
過了一會兒，她為自己一開始的行為道歉。
You could get into a situation where (＝in which) you have to decide immediately.
你可能遇上一種情況，使你不得不立刻做出決定。
There are occasions when(＝on which) one must yield.(時間狀語)
任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
四、“介詞＋which/whom”引導的定語從句
1.“介詞＋關系代詞”結構引導定語從句時，關系代詞只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即介詞＋which/whom，并且不能省略。
This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children，artists，writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things.(2022·全國甲卷)
這座特殊的建筑是一個制作戲劇的地方，兒童、藝術家、作家和其他任何人都有機會在這里做創造性的事情。
As a businesswoman，I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection，customers can also drive you mad.(全國Ⅲ卷)
作為一名女商人，我非常關心我的客戶。但是，就像任何你喜歡的人一樣，顧客也會讓你發瘋。
2.“介詞＋關系代詞(which/whom)”中介詞的選擇：一先，二動，三意義。
(1)“一先”，即根據先行詞來確定介詞。
Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.(天津7月卷)
餐廳可以提供音樂選擇和菜單上的各種食物選擇，讓顧客能夠更好地控制用餐環境。
Ninety students from twenty classes participated in the race，among whom thirty were girls.
來自20個班級的90名學生參加了比賽，其中30名是女生。
(2)“二動”，即根據定語從句中的謂語動詞來確定介詞。
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，沒有一個她可以求助的人。
We all should try our best to save our limited food resources，on which we depend for a better life.
我們都應該盡最大努力節約我們有限的食物資源，我們依賴這些資源過更美好的生活。
(3)“三意義”，即根據定語從句的意義來確定介詞。
Speaking and listening are very important for language learning，by which you are sure to make great progress.(四川卷)
聽和說對于語言學習非常重要，通過此種方式你一定會取得很大進步。
[名師點津]　
(1)介詞前有時加名詞、數詞、不定代詞等，構成“名詞/數詞/不定代詞＋of which/whom”結構，在定語從句中作主語。
(2)“復合介詞＋which”引導的定語從句，常用逗號與先行詞隔開，而且定語從句常用倒裝語序。
Our class also has problems of its own，one of which is the students’ laziness.
我們班也有自己的問題，其中之一就是學生的懶惰。
After an hour’s ride，we reached Jane’s home，in front of which stood a worried woman.
經過一個小時的車程，我們到達了簡的家，前面站著一個憂心忡忡的女人。
五、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
和先行詞的關系密切(刪除后影響整個句子意義的表達) 和先行詞關系不密切(起補充說明的作用，刪掉后不影響整個句子意思的表達)
不用逗號隔開 一般用逗號隔開
可用that/which/whom等引導 不可以用that引導，只能用which/whom等引導
只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分 既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾主句或主句的一部分
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected.(that引導限制性定語從句，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
該計劃將把保護范圍擴大到大量以前未受保護的地區。
Sadiya’s efforts opened the wisdom door for them，which would surely make a great difference to their lives.(which引導非限制性定語從句)
薩迪亞的努力為他們打開了智慧之門，這肯定會給他們的生活帶來巨大的改變。
The downturn hit the real estate firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.(where引導限制性定語從句，2022·浙江1月卷)
經濟衰退打擊了她作為辦公室經理工作了十年的房地產公司。
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland，where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”.
(where引導非限制性定語從句，2022·浙江1月卷)
故事開始于18世紀的最后幾年，在蘇格蘭，瓦特完善了“改變世界的機器”。
[名師點津]　
(1)關系代詞that不能引導非限制性定語從句。
(2)關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句，但可用 for which來代替why。
2.as和which引導的非限制性定語從句的區別
as 引導非限制性定語從句時，修飾整句話或整件事。可放在主句前、中、后，as常意為“正如……，正像……”。從句的謂語動詞多為see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which 引導非限制性定語從句時，修飾整句話或整件事也可修飾先行詞。只能置于主句后，常意為“這一點，這件事”等，which引導的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關系
As you see，the students in our school are always hard－working.(北京卷)
如你所見，我們學校的學生總是很用功。
Last week，we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture，which turned out to be extremely rewarding.(北京卷)
上周，我們帶領外國學生體驗了正宗的茶文化，這一點結果證明非常值得。
跟蹤 落實檢查
4
Ⅰ.用恰當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
1.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers have now totally transformed a way of life ____________ started in the Stone Age.(浙江7月卷)
2.Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics ____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.(2022·浙江1月卷)
3.First announced in April，2016，the tax _____________ applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).(2022·全國乙卷)
that/which
who/that
which/that
4.On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people that clean water is something ____________ everyone should have around the world.(浙江1月卷)
5.There’s never a stage at ____________ the system knows what it’s talking about.(2023·浙江1月卷)
6.The first is declining birth rates，____________ means old generations are large compared to younger generations.(浙江1月卷)
7.Second，I think，the photos in the album can easily remind Mr Li of his lovely students and the good days __________ he got together with us.
that
which
which
when
8.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.(全國Ⅰ卷)
9.Can you help me to think of a reason _____________ seems reasonable for my being absent
10.The factory ____________ which I’m working mainly produces computers.
11.I collected some books，____________ covers are yellow with years.
12.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 p.m.，by ___________ time many people have gone home.
where
that/which
in
whose
which
13.He didn’t pass the exam，____________ we had expected.
14.He is the man ____________ came to see you yesterday.
15.A guide led us to the strawberry field，____________ we saw fresh inviting red strawberries.
as
who
where
Ⅱ.同義句轉換
1.In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.(全國Ⅲ卷)
→In ancient China lived an artist ______________________________________
were almost lifelike.
2.He handed me a pen，and I wrote down my name with it.
→He handed me a pen，___________________________________ my name.
the paintings of whom
with which I wrote down
Ⅲ.補全句子
1.This is the village ___________________________________________________.
這就是十年前我們工作過的那個村莊。
2.I took a photo of the students，________________________________________.
我給學生們拍了一張照片，其中坐著一位老師。
3.On the Internet，people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well，______________________________________.
在互聯網上，人們可以尋找他們最喜歡的明星的信息，也可以打折買票，這既省時又經濟實惠。
where we worked ten years ago
among whom was seated a teacher
which is both time－saving and economical
THANKS
本節內容結束(共10張PPT)
單元知識回顧
UNIT 5　POEMS
Ⅰ.默寫詞塊
一、教材詞塊默寫
1._________________________________________描述讀者心中的某種形象
2.______________________表達某些情感
3.________________________用詞簡潔
4.____________________表達他們自己的想法
5.____________________玩文字游戲
6.__________________________圍繞一個特定的主題展開
describe a certain image in the reader’s mind
convey certain feelings
economical use of words
express themselves
play with the words
develop a particular theme
7._______________________________________展現出強烈的畫面或某種情緒
8._____________________描繪出一幅清晰的畫面
9._______________________創造出一種特別的感覺
10._________________________________________________
有這么多不同形式的詩歌可供從中選擇
11.___________________緊緊抓住夢想
12.________________________一只折了翅膀的鳥兒
13._________________貧瘠的荒野
14.__________________雪覆冰封
convey a strong picture or a certain mood
give a clear picture
create a special feeling
with so many different forms of poetry to choose from
hold fast to dreams
a broken－winged bird
a barren field
frozen with snow
二、講解詞塊默寫
1.________________令某人悲痛的是
2.__________________對……有同情心/贊同
3._______________________與……一致；與……有通信聯系
4.______________________________________由……組成
5.________________擦光；潤飾；使完美
6.________________變得復雜
to one’s sorrow
be sympathetic to
in correspondence with
be composed of/be made up of/consist of
polish up
get complicated
7.________________很快做完；(尤指)很快吃完
8.________________________與某物相一致
9._______________________________________同情某人
10.________________編造；化妝；和好
polish off
correspond to/with sth
show/feel/have/express sympathy for sb
make up
Ⅱ.補全句子
1.The reason ______________________________________ was that he had never studied hard.
他考試不及格的原因是他從來沒有努力學習。
2.Those old people are so kind that ______________________________________
and try their best to help them.
那些老人非常善良，他們同情有困難的人，并盡力幫助他們。
3.They ___________________________________________________________.
他們很友好而且極易相處。
why he didn’t pass the exam
they are sympathetic to people in trouble
are very friendly and easy to get along with
4.We _____________________________________________________________
since we got separated.
自從我們分開以來，我們一直在通信。
5.Mr Huang is born a good English teacher because he can always
_________________________________________________________________
that we all enjoy having English classes.(人物介紹，全國Ⅰ卷)
黃老師天生是一個好的英語老師，因為他總是能使他的課變得有趣且有吸引力，我們都喜歡上英語課。
have been in correspondence with each other
make his classes so interesting and attractive
Ⅲ.語法填空——核心考點語境串記
Tom and John were brothers.John was fond of plants 1.____________ Tom was literary.Tom was crazy about writing poems，2.____________ (include) some nursery rhymes.His nursery rhymes often 3.____________ (refer) to some lively animals，such as billy goats，bees,bulls,butterflies，mockingbirds，and so on.Most of them were easy 4.____________(recite).To make his poems more 5.____________(access)，he set up a center，which was made up of three rooms.He often taught the children how to write a poem in the center.John was 6._______________(interest) in all kinds of plants in nature.He spent much of his
while
including
referred
to recite
accessible
interested
time 7.____________ (enjoy) the delicate blossoms.While enjoying the flowers，he was like 8.____________ innocent child.In addition，he was 9.____________ (sympathy) to the poor children and taught them something about folk songs.He 10.____________ (strong) objected to racial prejudice，hoping that each child could live a happy life.
enjoying
an
sympathetic
strongly
THANKS
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