資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共51張PPT)
第二講　推理判斷題
——依文推理定選項(xiàng)
一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[題型分析]
　　推理判斷題考查考生推理和判斷的能力，以及深層次的閱讀理解能力。主要考查隱含推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、寫(xiě)作意圖題、文章出處題、文章類(lèi)型題、讀者對(duì)象題等。在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，要透過(guò)字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”，要據(jù)文推理、合情推理，不可脫離原文、主觀臆斷。
[選項(xiàng)特征]
　　1．正確選項(xiàng)特征
　　(1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單推理，一步即可推得。
　　(2)選項(xiàng)中一般不出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念，如only、 never、 all、 absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often、 usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、 can、 could、 probably等。
　　2．干擾選項(xiàng)特征
張冠李戴 把作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混在一起
無(wú)中生有 符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容
曲解文意 利用原文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，借題發(fā)揮，曲解原文意思；有些符合常識(shí)，但不符合文意
擴(kuò)縮范圍 通過(guò)改變或去掉文章中的限制性詞語(yǔ)，改變信息的準(zhǔn)確度，造成干擾
偷梁換柱 使用與文章中某一句話(huà)相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，在易被忽視的地方更換單詞，造成句意的改變
二、方法技巧要知曉
PART
02
第二部分
題型一　隱含推斷題
隱含推斷題主要考查考生對(duì)特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文邏輯關(guān)系的判斷，結(jié)合相關(guān)信息的暗示，準(zhǔn)確理解文章寓意或隱含的深層意義的能力。一般題干主要包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer (推斷)、indicate (象征；暗示)、imply (暗示)、suggest (暗示)、conclude (得出結(jié)論)、assume (假定；設(shè)想)。
[典例1]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C片段)
　　Audio (音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
　　Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞imply和the last paragraph。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文中的“when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces”以及“However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”。綜合邏輯分析可推斷出作者在強(qiáng)調(diào)紙質(zhì)文本在教育中不能完全被取代。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
題型二　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題
此類(lèi)試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事所持的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或看法或推斷文中人物的語(yǔ)氣、性格等。觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類(lèi)：①支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；②客觀、中立、公正；③反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。在推斷過(guò)程中，考生應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感彩的形容詞或副詞。
[典例2]　(2024·全國(guó)甲卷閱讀C片段)
　　Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Cautious.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文中的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”。根據(jù)段中杜克所說(shuō)的話(huà)中的“very impressed”“staying focused and very concerned”和“the best chance”等可知，他對(duì)該列車(chē)的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
題型三　寫(xiě)作意圖題
各種話(huà)題的閱讀材料都有可能考查寫(xiě)作意圖題。通常情況下，作者在文中不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以這種題型要求考生具備對(duì)作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的能力。
[典例3]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀D片段)
　　Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革).
　　In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼)that powers AI...
　　As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，...
　　AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞the author's purpose in writing the text。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文最后一段：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，結(jié)合首段和尾段可知，文章主要給讀者推薦了卡特里奧娜·坎貝爾的一本關(guān)于人工智能的書(shū)。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
題型四　文章出處題、文章類(lèi)型題、讀者對(duì)象題
文章出處題、文章類(lèi)型題要求考生具備一定的常識(shí)，能夠根據(jù)文章的體裁和題材來(lái)推斷文章的出處或類(lèi)型。讀者對(duì)象題要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和措辭推斷文章的讀者對(duì)象。
[典例4]　(2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C片段)
　　Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
　　In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描繪) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
28．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞Where和taken from。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段第一句：“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句。根據(jù)以上信息可推知，文章介紹了一本書(shū)，最有可能出自一本書(shū)的序言。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
課堂新體驗(yàn)
PART
03
第三部分
A


　　(2024·濟(jì)寧一模)Bard，Kinetic (Coffee House Press，2023) by Anne Waldman, one of the most important living American poets, is a new collection of autobiographical (自傳體的) pieces, including published and unpublished essays, correspondence, interviews, and poems from the last 20 years.
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
說(shuō)明文 堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)不放棄 ★★★☆☆
　　Though the origin of the texts and poems is relatively recent, Bard, Kinetic tracks Waldman's life from her childhood in Greenwich Village to the present.Rather than a memoir (回憶錄), this energetic collection integrates her stories into contexts—literary, political, spiritual, familial.
　　In Sketch, the first and longest piece in the book，Waldman describes what guided her to poetry from an early age—Her intellectual and artistic parents encouraged her “to read widely, to write, think, talk about it, be curious and critical.” Reading Sketch for its wonderful autobiographical details and the successful moments that run through Waldman's life is a pleasure. In Interview with Poetas，Madrid 2018, another piece from the book's second section, she wrote，“We need cultural and humanitarian revolution.We need poetry to remind us of the magic we have had that needs attendance and recharge.”Her voice and vision have a collective width.
　　Waldman insists on combining art with nearly every aspect of her life. Bard, Kinetic, at all points, a high-energy construct, and at all points, an energy-discharge, puts readers on the path to recognizing poetry as a mental aid, as an action that reaches across geography, species, and time.As she wrote in the book's preface, she commands herself to “keep pushing for knowledge, study with a deeper investigation and a deeper action.The action, totally necessary”. These are high aims that Waldman has insisted on, tirelessly, her entire life.Waldman shines.Her heart could be our heart.
　　This new book is best read as a companion of Vow to Poetry (2001)，Waldman's previous collection of interviews and autobiographical essays, which will help readers appreciate this book better.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇關(guān)于書(shū)籍Bard，Kinetic的書(shū)評(píng)。
1．What do we know about Bard, Kinetic by Waldman
A．It is a memoir.
B．It documents her life and work.
C．It is her first collection of poems.
D．It is to be issued by Coffee House Press.
√
B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，Bard，Kinetic記錄了作者的工作情況；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，Bard，Kinetic記錄了沃爾德曼從格林尼治村的童年到現(xiàn)在的生活。即Bard，Kinetic記錄了作者的生活和工作情況。
2．What's the purpose of paragraph 3
A．To add relevant background information.
B．To help readers gain partial insight into the book.
C．To persuade readers to conduct selective reading.
D．To introduce Waldman's writing styles.
B　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段對(duì)書(shū)籍中的部分情節(jié)進(jìn)行了描述，因而其目的是幫助讀者了解這本書(shū)的部分內(nèi)容。
√
3．What is implied in the underlined sentence “Her heart could be our heart.” in paragraph 4
A．We should stick to our goals.
B．We should learn poems by heart.
C．We should seek fame and wealth.
D．We should enjoy life to our hearts' content.
A　句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“As she wrote...‘keep pushing...totally necessary’. These are high aims...shines.”可知，沃爾德曼一生孜孜不倦地堅(jiān)持著自己的崇高目標(biāo)。由此可推知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)句指作為讀者，應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)她對(duì)目標(biāo)執(zhí)著追求的這種精神。
√
4．What's the passage
A．A diary entry.　 B．A news report.
C．A book review. D．An autobiography.
C　文章類(lèi)型題。通讀全文可知，本文是關(guān)于書(shū)籍Bard，Kinetic的書(shū)評(píng)。
√
B


　　(2024·湛江一模)By the time I took Kicker home, I
was living in a van (旅居房車(chē)), so he was thrown into
van life from day one.At this point, I knew how to make
him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been...
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
記敘文 作者和小狗的經(jīng)歷 ★★★☆☆
　　Right out of the gate，I took him to ski touring, which is a lot like cross-country skiing but in wilder terrain. At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again.
　　We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard.One time he vomited (嘔吐) all over the new cushions on my bed.Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent.
　　I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There's something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. Together we kayaked, snowmobiled, and even ended up exploring deep blue ice caves in Worthington Glacier. Kicker learned to come snowboarding with me in the mountains of Alaska.He would hike part of the way, and I would carry him the rest. I would always let him run next to me as I boarded, but I usually ended up putting him on my shoulders for the rest of the ride down—he had grown far too big to fit in my jacket.
　　Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it's about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文講述了作者和小狗基克一起到野外露營(yíng)、滑雪等的經(jīng)歷，在這些歷險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中，小狗逐漸長(zhǎng)大，學(xué)會(huì)了很多技能，作者和小狗之間的關(guān)系也變得更加親密的故事。
5．What was Kicker like when he was first taken home by the author
A．Sick and pitiful. B．Small and weak.
C．Happy and active. D．Outgoing and adventurous.
B　隱含推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“At first, Kicker would just stay nestled in my jacket...carried him again.”可知，起初，基克只是依偎在“我”的夾克里。由此可推知，剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，小狗又小又弱。
√
6．Why was the incident of Kicker's vomiting mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To illustrate how hard life is in a van.
B．To indicate that raising Kicker was not all roses.
C．To show the importance of taking good care of a pet.
D．To warn us of the trouble a pet can bring to us on a trip.
B　寫(xiě)作意圖題。第三段講述了作者帶著基克一起歷險(xiǎn)，相處融洽，基克吐在墊子上這件事只是一個(gè)小插曲，說(shuō)明作者養(yǎng)狗的過(guò)程也不是十分輕松愉快。
√
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska.
B．What great experiences the author had.
C．How the author realized his childhood dream.
D．How much the author enjoyed Kicker's company.
D　段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句可知，本段講述作者和小狗一起經(jīng)歷的樂(lè)趣，作者非常享受基克的陪伴。
√
8．What is special about the author's relationship with Kicker
A．They bond through shared adventures.
B．They help each other to become stronger.
C．They bond through giving each other rewards.
D．They depend on each other in life's hardest times.
A　隱含推斷題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了作者帶著基克一起在戶(hù)外的各種經(jīng)歷，基克逐漸長(zhǎng)大，學(xué)會(huì)了多種技能，作者和基克之間的關(guān)系變得愈加親密，共同的冒險(xiǎn)使一人一狗聯(lián)系在了一起的故事。
√(共47張PPT)
第三講　主旨大意題
——辨主干細(xì)加工
一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[題型分析]
　　主旨大意題旨在考查考生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力，是閱讀理解中的高難度題。概括全文大意最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是把每段的大意串起來(lái)考慮。該類(lèi)題主要考查標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：
　　1．The best title of the passage is_____________．
　　2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
　　3．The passage is mainly about _____________．
　　4．What is the passage mainly about
　　5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
　　6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
[選項(xiàng)特征]
　　1．正確選項(xiàng)特征
涵蓋性強(qiáng) 覆蓋全文或全段主要內(nèi)容。常含有抽象名詞或概括性詞語(yǔ)，一般不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息
精確性強(qiáng) 所使用的概括性語(yǔ)言不會(huì)改變意思表達(dá)的程度及色彩。不含過(guò)分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞
范圍恰當(dāng) 范圍既不太大，也不太小
　　2.干擾選項(xiàng)特征
以偏概全 概括的范圍過(guò)于狹窄，只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容、某些局部信息或文章主題的某一個(gè)方面
斷章取義 以文章中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)替代全文的主要觀點(diǎn)
移花接木 命題者有意把屬于A的特征放在B上
主題擴(kuò)大 歸納、概括的范圍過(guò)大，超過(guò)文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容
似是而非 題目中的關(guān)鍵詞好像在文章中提到了，但認(rèn)真分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)它與文章的內(nèi)容毫無(wú)聯(lián)系
二、方法技巧要知曉
PART
02
第二部分
題型一　標(biāo)題歸納題
該類(lèi)題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出適合文章的標(biāo)題。注意標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)：精準(zhǔn)性、概括性和新穎性。
[典例1]　(2024·全國(guó)甲卷閱讀B)
　　Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (聲音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
　　Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
　　Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉動(dòng)物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
27．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C．Have Fun with Your Cat
D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞a suitable title for the text。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段的主題句“But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.”，可知該段介紹了貓的驚人的發(fā)聲技能；定位到原文第二段的主題句“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive.”，可知該段介紹了貓的嗅覺(jué)敏銳，能夠區(qū)分不同的環(huán)境；定位到原文第三段的主題句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.”，可知該段介紹了貓的令人印象深刻的取物習(xí)慣。采用主題句法，這些都屬于對(duì)貓的行為的介紹。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
題型二　文章大意題
文章大意題是考查考生深層理解文章以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是圍繞某一主題展開(kāi)的，把每個(gè)段落的主題句綜合起來(lái)就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[典例2]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C)
　　We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
　　BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
　　Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
　　Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
　　BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths.
B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence.
D．BMF's technical standards.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞the text mainly talk about。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段第三句、第二段第一、二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可知，借助段落主題句歸納，文章從各個(gè)方面凸顯了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)公司的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如縮短食物運(yùn)輸距離、節(jié)約用水、無(wú)農(nóng)藥使用、減少碳排放等。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
題型三　段落大意題
段落大意題主要考查考生用準(zhǔn)確的、簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言把一個(gè)段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力。考生在做題時(shí)要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問(wèn)段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準(zhǔn)確性更高。
[典例3]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀B片段)
　　Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
26．What does this paragraph mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞this paragraph mainly talk about。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文可知，本段沒(méi)有主題句，本段主要介紹了兩個(gè)動(dòng)物經(jīng)過(guò)法伯的治療后，病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。由此可知，本段主要介紹了法伯的整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法所取得的效果。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
課堂新體驗(yàn)
PART
03
第三部分
A


　　(2024·廣東六校9月聯(lián)考)What do you want from life Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
議論文 追求幸福 ★★★★☆
　　Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but how to get it.
　　But maximizing pleasure isn't the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.
　　There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our unique human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.
　　But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage (人質(zhì)) to fortune. Events beyond any individual's control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it's a practice which we hone (磨煉), imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.
　　Recognising this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory (虛幻的) hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　文章對(duì)追求幸福進(jìn)行了闡述，最終得出的結(jié)論是：人們對(duì)幸福的追求并不是完美的。
1．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”？
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3.
C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.
A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression.”可知，在第二段可以找到過(guò)于關(guān)注“幸福”的負(fù)面影響。
√
2．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive？　
A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories.
C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness...”可知，作者通過(guò)舉例來(lái)證明痛苦是活著不可避免的情緒狀態(tài)。
√
3．What is Aristotle's view on happiness
A．Happiness is a stable emotional state.
B．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.
C．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.
D．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.
B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Happiness requires others...we cultivate with other people.”可知，在亞里士多德看來(lái)，幸福并不是個(gè)體的情感狀態(tài)，因此我們需要與他人培養(yǎng)良好的關(guān)系。
√
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.
B．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.
C．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.
D．Depression and happiness are equally important.
C　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章指出現(xiàn)如今人們過(guò)分追求幸福而產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，過(guò)分追求幸福、將幸福最大化并不會(huì)帶來(lái)真正的快樂(lè)。因此，人們對(duì)幸福的追求并不是完美的。
√
B


　　(2024·青島二模)The students stand on a pier (碼頭)
over the Harlem River in New York City.They stare down
into the brown water.Their teacher, Mr.Rodman, pulls a
long rope out of the river.Fastened to the end of the rope is a metal cage and inside are oysters (牡蠣).
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
說(shuō)明文 牡蠣回歸大自然 ★★★★☆
Taking turns, the students measure all the oysters, and then compare notes.The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age! They also measure the level of oxygen.As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen.Also, other animals should move in.
　　Oysters are soft-bodied animals, and share the underwater community with plants, fish, and other life.They are food for crabs and other animals.As new oysters grow, they attach their shells to older ones, forming big reefs with many small spaces where other animals live.Oysters eat algae (藻類(lèi)).If algae grow too fast, they can decrease oxygen from the water—and even fish need oxygen to breathe!
　　But what happened to the oysters 100 years ago in New York Harbor Before then, lots of oysters lived in these waters.They were shipped to restaurants around the world.By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted.Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste.Some fish started to swim through again.But oysters were still missing—until recently.
　　The Billion Oyster Project began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor.The project has recruited (招募) more than 6，500 students at more than 100 middle schools and high schools to help grow, distribute, and study the oysters.
　　Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage.Mr.Rodman lowers the cage into the river.In a few months, they will check the cage again.When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to join a healthy reef in the middle of the harbor.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　文章介紹了牡蠣在水中起到的作用以及牡蠣在紐約港消失的原因，現(xiàn)在人們正在努力讓這些大自然的助手回歸。
5．Why do students come to the pier over the Harlem River
A．To do research.
B．To go fishing.
C．To buy oysters.
D．To clean up the river.
A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)生們?cè)诖a頭測(cè)量牡蠣尺寸，水中氧氣含量，由此可知學(xué)生們?cè)谶M(jìn)行研究。
√
6．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．What oysters are like.
B．How oysters get fed.
C．Why algae grow fast.
D．What role oysters play.
D　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Oysters eat algae. If algae grow too fast, they can decrease oxygen from the water—and even fish need oxygen to breathe！”可知，本段主要介紹了牡蠣在水中所起到的作用。
√
7．What can we learn about oysters in New York Harbor
A．People's love of eating oysters boosted their numbers.
B．More oysters than before lived in waters in the 1900s.
C．Polluted water was partly to blame for the missing of oysters.
D．New laws in the 1970s were crucial to oysters' recovery.
C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可推知，受到污染的影響，牡蠣在紐約港仍不見(jiàn)蹤影。
√
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Oysters Raised in New York Harbor
B．The Harlem River Polluted Heavily
C．Nature's Helpful Crew Brought Back
D．Teacher Devoted to Wildlife Protection
C　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了牡蠣在水中的作用及其回歸，因此C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。
√(共45張PPT)
第四講　詞句猜測(cè)題
——上下語(yǔ)境覓答案
一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[題型分析]
　　詞句猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解的常考題型，這類(lèi)題型針對(duì)語(yǔ)篇中一些關(guān)鍵性的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子進(jìn)行設(shè)問(wèn)，要求考生猜測(cè)其含義。這些需要猜測(cè)的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子往往與上下文有緊密的邏輯關(guān)系，文章中往往會(huì)提供和這些詞句相關(guān)的定義解釋、提示詞或句子結(jié)構(gòu)等，考生做題時(shí)要善于尋找并捕捉這些隱性提示，并關(guān)聯(lián)上下文意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。這類(lèi)題型主要考查單詞或短語(yǔ)詞義、句意理解和代詞指代。
[選項(xiàng)特征]
　　1．正確選項(xiàng)特征
　　(1)含義和其字面意思沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系；
　　(2)上下文邏輯通順；
　　(3)與原句意思最接近；
　　(4)代入原文，最為得體。
　　2．干擾選項(xiàng)特征
　　(1)與所考詞匯形似；
　　(2)如果考的是熟詞、舊詞，含有常規(guī)詞義或本來(lái)含義的往往是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)；
　　(3)解釋中含有過(guò)多原句中已有的詞和短語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
二、方法技巧要知曉
PART
02
第二部分
題型一　詞句猜測(cè)題
在文章中，任何一個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子都不是孤立存在的，它總要通過(guò)上下文和文章其他內(nèi)容有著緊密的聯(lián)系，通過(guò)這些聯(lián)系可以猜測(cè)出單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的意思。有時(shí)作者在闡述某人、某物或某一現(xiàn)象的特點(diǎn)時(shí)，先是一般地或概括性地說(shuō)一下， 然后再作具體的說(shuō)明或解釋?zhuān)换蛘叻催^(guò)來(lái)，先進(jìn)行具體的闡述，然后再歸納、總結(jié)。如果學(xué)生能抓住作者的思路，就能從那些具體的說(shuō)明、解釋或歸納中找出猜詞或句的線(xiàn)索。鎖定語(yǔ)句前后尋找，充分利用上下文語(yǔ)境是解題關(guān)鍵。
[典例1]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀D片段)
　　In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in this paragraph probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞the phrase “In the wrong hands”和in this paragraph。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎貝爾有二十多年的專(zhuān)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，她能將令人頭暈的東西轉(zhuǎn)化為容易理解的東西。利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義，畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)指的應(yīng)該是如果換一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)能力不如坎貝爾的人來(lái)寫(xiě)這本書(shū)。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
1．“語(yǔ)法關(guān)系”猜詞義
[典例2]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C片段)
　　Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.
C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞underlined word “declutter”和paragraph 3。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第三段中的“Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞的下一句就是對(duì)the digital declutter的解釋?zhuān)鶕?jù)下文中的step away from可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意為“清除、清理”。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
2．“邏輯關(guān)系”猜詞義
[典例3]　“This is one of the most creative and valuable technologies that I've seen as a farmer，” said James Johnson of Carzalia Farm in a statement, who has used Carbon Robotics' technology on his farm. “I expect the robots to go mainstream because of how effectively they address some of farming's most critical issues, including the overuse of chemicals, process efficiency, and labor. The sky is the limit.” It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at “hundreds of thousands of dollars”．
　　The de-weeding method of the robot is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices. Cost-effective weed control is the biggest barrier to entry with organic farming, and agriculturalists looking to make the switch finally have an alternative to help them get their vegetables out to people.
33．What does the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.” mean in paragraph 4
A．The robots won't spread widely.
B．The invention is very promising.
C．The weeder addresses limited issues.
D．The technology needs further improvement.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，尋找關(guān)鍵詞the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.”和paragraph 4。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第四段中的“It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at ‘hundreds of thousands of dollars’．”可知，該除草機(jī)非常實(shí)用，2021款除草機(jī)已經(jīng)賣(mài)完，該句是對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)句的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，由此可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)句應(yīng)意為“這項(xiàng)發(fā)明很有前景”。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
3．“語(yǔ)境吻合”猜句意
題型二　代詞指代題
在文章中，為了避免語(yǔ)意的重復(fù)，常用一些代詞指代上文所說(shuō)的人或事。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，熟悉代詞的含義十分重要。代詞多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般來(lái)講，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答這類(lèi)題目的時(shí)候要遵循“就近原則”，找出離代詞最近的名詞、詞組或句子等，當(dāng)然有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能找出代詞所指代的事物。
[典例4]　(2024·浙江卷1月閱讀B片段)
　　When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (試演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”．
24．What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to
A．The play.
B．The shared house.
C．The sofa.
D．The telephone box.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞the word “it”和underlined in the first paragraph。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文本段第五句。根據(jù)“就近原則”和代詞所指代的內(nèi)容一般出現(xiàn)在前面的句子中，且it表單數(shù)概念可知，此處指使“我”的合租房看起來(lái)更“年輕專(zhuān)業(yè)”一點(diǎn)，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
課堂新體驗(yàn)
PART
03
第三部分
A


　　(2024·梅州二模)A second-grade education has not stopped garbage collector Jose Gutierrez. He is bringing the gift of reading to thousands of Colombian children.
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
記敘文 拾荒老人收集書(shū)籍 ★★★☆☆
　　Gutierrez started saving books from the trash 27 years ago. He was driving a garbage truck at night through the country's richer neighborhoods. The books that were thrown away slowly piled up. Now the ground floor of his small house is a community library. It is stacked (堆放) from floor to ceiling. They range from chemistry textbooks to children's classics.
　　Books are luxuries for boys and girls in low-income neighborhoods. New reading material at bookstores is too expensive. There are 19 public libraries in Bogota, a city of 8.5 million people. But the libraries tend to be located far away from poorer areas.“They should be in all neighborhoods and on each corner of every neighborhood，”the 60-year-old says.“Books can save us. That is what Colombia needs.”
　　Gutierrez has a love of reading, which comes from his mother. She always read to him even though she was too poor to keep him in school. Gutierrez is a keen reader of works by authors such as Leo Tolstoy and Victor Hugo. His favorite books include One Hundred Years of Solitude and The General in His Labyrinth by Colombia's Nobel Prize-winning novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The first book Gutierrez found was a copy of the classic novel Anna Karenina. The Tolstoy book was later joined by The Little Prince, Sophie's World, The Iliad and a number of novels. Today, he has collected around 25，000 books.
　　Now, Gutierrez still looks through the rubbish for additions to his library, named “The Strength of Words”. His fame as Colombia's “Lord of the Books” has helped a lot. It has brought him thousands of donated books. He has sent many to other libraries around the country. Moreover, Gutierrez has traveled to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a library with the books that are thrown away.
　　Gutierrez says he doesn't reject technology that allows books to be read digitally. But he prefers to read the printed words on paper.“There is nothing more beautiful than having a book in your pocket, in your bag or inside your car.”
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　文章講述了60歲的拾荒者約瑟·古鐵雷斯二十多年來(lái)，一直將垃圾中的書(shū)籍保留下來(lái)并提供給哥倫比亞的孩子們的故事。
1．How old was Gutierrez when he started saving books from the trash
A．In his twenties.　　 B．In his thirties.
C．In his forties. D．In his fifties.
B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Gutierrez started saving books from the trash 27 years ago.”和第三段中的“the 60-year-old says”可知，古鐵雷斯三十幾歲時(shí)開(kāi)始從垃圾桶里撿書(shū)。
√
2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Luxury books. B．Garbage trucks.
C．Public libraries. D．Poor areas.
C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句的前兩句可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞They指代上文的public libraries。
√
3．What did the book Anna Karenina mean to Gutierrez
A．The beginning of his charity project.
B．A window to the world.
C．One of his greatest achievements in life.
D．Some comfort in difficult times.
A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段后三句可知，《安娜·卡列尼娜》是古鐵雷斯收集的第一本書(shū)，之后他又收集了大約25 000 本書(shū)。由此可推知，這本書(shū)對(duì)古鐵雷斯來(lái)說(shuō)意味著他慈善事業(yè)的開(kāi)始。
√
4．Which of the following sayings does Gutierrez's story lead us to believe
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．A good book can shine a light upon the soul.
C．One man's trash is another man's treasure.
D．The palest ink is better than the best memory.
C　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了60歲的拾荒者約瑟·古鐵雷斯二十多年來(lái)，一直將垃圾桶中的書(shū)籍保留下來(lái)并提供給哥倫比亞低收入家庭的孩子們的故事，由此可推知，古鐵雷斯的故事讓我們相信“一個(gè)人的垃圾可能是另一個(gè)人的財(cái)富”。
√
B


　　(2024·合肥二模)Researchers set up an experiment in which 5-year-olds were tested with their fellows under different circumstances of transparency (透明) and different audiences. They set up a sticker machine that in some settings was transparent, and other settings in which only the giver of stickers knew how many stickers he could give.
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
說(shuō)明文 激發(fā)孩子的慷慨 ★★★★☆
They had children give out stickers in both settings. The results were striking: Children were consistently generous only when the receiver and audience of the stickers were fully aware of the donation options. Children were notably ungenerous when the receiver of stickers couldn't see the options.
　　The researchers said, “Children only showed consistently pro-social behavior in our study in the condition when they could see the receiver and their allocations (分配物) were fully visible; in all other conditions, children were statistically ungenerous, giving the receiver the smaller amount of stickers.”
　　They made the conclusions that at a very early age, children are learning how to position themselves socially. Well before they apprehend the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means, they think strategically about giving as a function of how they can gain a reputation with a peer as a generous citizen or pro-social agent when the receiver observes them.
　　Children change their behavior in response to having an audience. Help children give to others in full view, delivering meals to families, and in private, dropping off treats or surprises for those who need support without signing their names. Also, children should be reminded that thank-you notes are lovely but unnecessary to receive. When we give gifts or lend help to others, try to help children remember why they should provide something for another. It really doesn't have to be recognized. When a thank-you card doesn't come, it doesn't make a gift any less valuable or meaningful for those who were lucky enough to receive.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　研究表明，當(dāng)別人意識(shí)到孩子的捐贈(zèng)行為時(shí)，孩子會(huì)更慷慨。文章介紹了這一研究結(jié)果并就如何從小培養(yǎng)慷慨提出了建議。
5．What did the researchers discover
A．The givers' behavior greatly inspired the receivers to help in return.
B．The children gave out an equal number of stickers in both settings.
C．The presence of an audience affected children's decisions to give.
D．Donating helped children to become more generous in the future.
C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Children were consistently generous...when the receiver of stickers couldn't see the options.”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)觀眾的存在影響了孩子們所做的決定。
√
6．Which is pro-social behavior according to the researchers
A．Observing the givers.
B．Donating more stickers.
C．Gaining a reputation.
D．Receiving more allocations.
B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Children only showed consistently pro-social behavior...were fully visible”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為捐贈(zèng)更多貼紙是親社會(huì)行為。
√
7．What does the underlined word “apprehend” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Share. B．Predict.
C．Confirm. D．Understand.
D　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“They made the conclusions that...position themselves socially.”及畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后的“the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means”可知，孩子們?cè)缭谒麄兝斫饩W(wǎng)絡(luò)的社會(huì)學(xué)以及社會(huì)聲譽(yù)的真正含義之前就在學(xué)習(xí)如何在社會(huì)上定位自己。apprehend意為“理解”。
√
8．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To suggest recognizing others' kindness.
B．To acknowledge the giver's contribution.
C．To confirm the benefits of being grateful.
D．To advise inspiring generosity in children.
D　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，最后一段就從小培養(yǎng)孩子的慷慨提出建議。
√(共43張PPT)
專(zhuān)題一　閱讀理解
[研高考·辨考向]
年份 卷名 體裁 題目類(lèi)型 細(xì)節(jié) 理解題 推斷 判斷題 主旨 大意題 詞句
猜測(cè)題
2024 新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ 應(yīng)用文；記敘文；議論文；說(shuō)明文 9 4 1 1
新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ 應(yīng)用文；記敘文；說(shuō)明文；書(shū)評(píng) 7 6 1 1
年份 卷名 體裁 題目類(lèi)型 細(xì)節(jié) 理解題 推斷 判斷題 主旨 大意題 詞句
猜測(cè)題
2023 新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ 應(yīng)用文；記敘文；說(shuō)明文；議論文 6 7 1 1
新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ 應(yīng)用文；記敘文；說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文 8 5 1 1
年份 卷名 體裁 題目類(lèi)型 細(xì)節(jié) 理解題 推斷 判斷題 主旨 大意題 詞句
猜測(cè)題
2022 新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ 應(yīng)用文；議論文；新聞報(bào)道；說(shuō)明文 6 7 1 1
新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ 應(yīng)用文；記敘文；說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文 8 4 1 2
[抓規(guī)律·找依據(jù)]
第一講　細(xì)節(jié)理解題
——定位信息找答案
一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解
PART
01
第一部分
[題型分析]
　　細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查理解具體信息，在閱讀總題量中占比較大，是最重要的得分點(diǎn)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的命題方法很多，如可能是對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后進(jìn)行考查，也可能是將文章中的幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)放在一起要求學(xué)生判斷是非或?qū)讉€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排序等。主要考查直接細(xì)節(jié)題、間接細(xì)節(jié)題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題等。考查方式靈活，常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式有：
1．特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，常以when、where、what、which、who、how等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出問(wèn)題；
2．填空題形式，通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；
3．?dāng)?shù)字詢(xún)問(wèn)，就文中的數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。
[選項(xiàng)特征]
　　1．正確選項(xiàng)特征
同義替換 與原文關(guān)鍵信息相同含義的不同表達(dá)
信息歸納 對(duì)分散或復(fù)雜的信息進(jìn)行概括或比較
正話(huà)反說(shuō) 把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)
原文原詞 利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)
　　2.干擾選項(xiàng)特征
張冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容
無(wú)中生有 符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容
曲解文意 極其相似但是細(xì)節(jié)處與原文有出入
顛倒是非 在意思上與原文大相徑庭或者完全相反
正誤參半 部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤
二、方法技巧要知曉
PART
02
第二部分
題型一　直接細(xì)節(jié)題
直接細(xì)節(jié)題主要針對(duì)文中涉及的某個(gè)具體事物、人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果等提問(wèn)。
[典例1]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A片段)
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
　　Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
22．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A．5.　　 B．10.
C．15. D．18.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞the lower age limit。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”，可知加入生物棲息地修復(fù)工作隊(duì)的最低年齡是10歲。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
題型二　間接細(xì)節(jié)題
間接細(xì)節(jié)題是直接信息的轉(zhuǎn)述、原文信息的間接表達(dá)、直接信息背后隱含內(nèi)容的表達(dá)。
[典例2]　(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A片段)
　　We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
　　Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
　　No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (滿(mǎn)足) community service requirements.
23．What are the volunteers expected to do
A．Bring their own tools.
B．Work even in bad weather.
C．Wear a team uniform.
D．Do at least three projects.
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞are the volunteers expected to do。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文中的“We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”通過(guò)語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換可知，志愿者甚至?xí)趷毫犹鞖庀鹿ぷ鳌?br/>第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
題型三　數(shù)字計(jì)算題
此類(lèi)試題要求考生對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息，尤其是對(duì)相關(guān)的時(shí)間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字和信息進(jìn)行分析和理解，利用加、減、乘、除等運(yùn)算方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，但此類(lèi)試題重點(diǎn)不在于計(jì)算，而在于考查考生對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的處理能力，因此考生在解題時(shí)必須找出計(jì)算背后所隱含的信息。
[典例3]　(2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A片段)
Prices
√
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文定價(jià)表第二列最后兩行，由表格可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車(chē)一天需要14.75歐元，每加一天需要8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車(chē)兩天需要14.75＋8＝22.75歐元。
第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。
技法點(diǎn)撥：
課堂新體驗(yàn)
PART
03
第三部分
A


　　(2024·泰安二模)
Shrek's Adventure!
　　Shrek's Adventure! is a one-of-a-kind indoor
“walk-and-ride” tourist attraction in London inspired
by the hit Dream Works films Shrek, Shrek 2, and Shrek
the Third. It allows children to come face to face with Shrek, Fiona, Donkey, and many others.
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
應(yīng)用文 室內(nèi)旅游景點(diǎn) ★★☆☆☆
　　Shrek's Adventure! has ten funny shows featuring classic sets, like Shrek's swamp (沼澤地), from many Shrek films, a breathtaking 4D ride with special effects, and most importantly, a tour where kids can help break the code and save Shrek so he gets back to his beloved swamp safely.
　　Activities
　　·Going aboard the magical 4D Dream Works Tours bus (with Donkey acting as the tour guide).
　　·Learning how to be a Viking of Berk.
　　·Cooking up a magic spell at the Muffin Man's house.
　　Basic Rules
　　·All children under the age of 15 must be accompanied by an adult at all times.
　　·All bags and coats must be brought with you during the tour.
　　·All visitors must arrive within the time on your booking confirmation and you must bring a printed version of the booking with you during your visit.If you do not arrive within your reserved arrival time, you may have to wait until the next available show time.
　　Ticket Costs
　　·￡27 (at the door) or ￡18.90 (online) for people aged 16 and over.
　　·￡21.85 (at the door) or ￡15.30 (online) for children aged 3 to 15.
　　·Children under the age of three can get in for free.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文介紹了倫敦獨(dú)一無(wú)二的室內(nèi)旅游景點(diǎn)——史瑞克冒險(xiǎn)樂(lè)園。
1．What can children do in Shrek's Adventure！？
A．Learn to cook a meal.
B．Watch the Dream Works film Shrek.
C．Help Shrek return to his swamp.
D．Act as the guide on the tour bus.
C　直接細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“and most importantly, a tour where kids can help...Shrek so he gets back to his beloved swamp safely”可知，在史瑞克冒險(xiǎn)樂(lè)園，孩子們可以幫助史瑞克安全回到他心愛(ài)的沼澤。
√
2．What will you do if you miss the reserved show time
A．Enjoy the next available show.
B．Show the printed tickets.
C．Book another show online.
D．Get in immediately.
A　直接細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Basic Rules部分中的“If you do not arrive...wait until the next available show time.”可知，如果錯(cuò)過(guò)了預(yù)定時(shí)間，可以欣賞下一場(chǎng)可以觀看的演出。
√
3．How much will a couple and their 6-year-old son pay if they book online
A．￡37.80.　　 B．￡53.10.
C．￡34.20. D．￡75.85.
B　數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)Ticket Costs部分中的“￡27 (at the door) or ￡18.90 (online) for people aged 16 and over.”及“￡21.85 (at the door) or ￡15.30 (online) for children aged 3 to 15.”可知，在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)一對(duì)夫婦和一個(gè)六歲的男孩的票應(yīng)該付18.9×2＋15.3＝53.10英鎊。
√
B


　　(2024·潮州二模)When I was about six years old, my mother
came home one day and found that I had collected half a dozen
babies of the neighbourhood—all of them too young to walk—
and had them sitting before me on the floor while I was teaching
them to wave their arms. When she asked the explanation of this,
體裁 主題語(yǔ)境 難度
夾敘夾議文 培養(yǎng)孩子的天賦 ★★★☆☆
I informed her that it was my school of dance. She was amused, and placing herself at the piano. She began to play for me. This school continued and became very popular.Later on, little girls of the neighbourhood came and their parents paid me a small sum to teach them. This was the beginning of what afterwards proved a very profitable occupation.
　　My mother took me to a famous ballet teacher, but his lessons did not please me.When the teacher told me to stand on my toes (腳趾) I asked him why, and when he replied “Because it is beautiful.”I said that it was ugly and against nature and after the third lesson I left his class, never to return. This stiff (僵硬的) and commonplace gymnastics which he called dancing only disturbed my dream. I dreamed of a different dance. I did not know just what it would be, but I was feeling out towards an invisible world into which I guessed I might enter if I found the key.
　　My art was already in me when I was a little girl, and it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not prevented. I believe that whatever the child is going to do in life should be begun when it is very young.I wonder how many parents realize that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace, and taking away from them any chance of doing anything beautiful or original.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文通過(guò)作者小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷，以及媽媽對(duì)她的支持和理解，告訴父母?jìng)儜?yīng)該發(fā)現(xiàn)并培養(yǎng)孩子的天賦，而不是用所謂的教育把孩子推向平凡。
4．What was the writer doing when her mother came home one day
A．Teaching some babies to dance.
B．Directing some babies to walk.
C．Getting some babies together.
D．Making some babies sit still.
A　直接細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段中的“my mother came home...I informed her that it was my school of dance”可知，媽媽回家時(shí)作者正在教一些小孩跳舞。
√
5．How did the writer find the ballet
A．Old and unpopular.
B．Ugly and unnatural.
C．Graceful and original.
D．Dreamlike and gymnastic.
B　直接細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I said that it was ugly and against nature”可知，作者認(rèn)為芭蕾舞很丑且違背自然。
√
6．What did the writer owe her success in art to
A．The ballet classes she had attended.
B．Her inborn talent and great efforts.
C．The lucky chance her parents gave her.
D．Her mother's support and understanding.
D　間接細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not prevented”可知，作者把自己在藝術(shù)方面的成功歸功于媽媽的支持和理解。
√
7．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Children should be encouraged to be educated as early as possible.
B．Children should be driven to develop their interest in art at an early age.
C．Parents should discover and develop their young children's natural gift.
D．Parents should instruct their children to decide on a promising occupation.
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C　主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合最后一段最后兩句可知，文章通過(guò)作者小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷，以及媽媽對(duì)她的支持和理解，告訴父母?jìng)儜?yīng)該發(fā)現(xiàn)并培養(yǎng)孩子的天賦，而不是用所謂的教育把孩子推向平凡。

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