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(共69張PPT)
第二講　詞形轉換
　　詞形轉換是高考語法填空的一個重要考查點。在解答此類題目時，一要根據空處在句中所作的成分確定詞性：名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等，前面可能會有冠詞、形容詞或者形容詞性物主代詞修飾；動詞作謂語與非謂語；形容詞作表語或作定語修飾名詞；副詞作狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。二要根據標志詞及語境確定比較等級。三要根據名詞前的數詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語以及主謂一致原則來確定名詞的單復數。
如何判定是否考查詞形轉換
[典例呈現]
(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57._________(function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (鋁).
functional
[解析]　第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉換。提示詞為名詞，空處與protective并列，修飾空后的名詞structure，因此應考慮詞形轉換。
第二步：確定轉換形式。根據語境及句子結構可知，空處應用形容詞形式。
[技法點撥]
第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉換
　　提示詞為形容詞、副詞、名詞或代詞時，要考慮詞形轉換；提示詞為動詞，如果該動詞在句中既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則要考慮動詞詞形轉換。
第二步：確定轉換形式
　　根據句式結構以及空處所作成分進一步分析，最終確定正確的詞性轉換形式，確保名詞單復數形式正確，副詞、形容詞比較等級形式轉換正確。
考法1　動詞的詞形轉換
　　提示詞為動詞，如果該動詞在句中既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則要考慮動詞詞形轉換。動詞轉換成名詞還是形容詞，則要根據句式結構以及空處所作成分進一步分析。
[試做經典]
1．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)In cold weather, the structure stays _________(close) to protect the plants.
closed　考查形容詞。空前的stays作系動詞，空處作表語，表示“關閉的”，應用形容詞closed。
closed
2．(2024·全國甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承諾) to promote the idea at the ____________(complete) of their journey.
completion　考查名詞。根據前面的the和后面的of可知，空處應用名詞completion。
completion
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the _________(criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
criticism　考查名詞。提示詞為動詞，根據空前的定冠詞the及空后的定語從句“that they lead to waste”可知，空處應作because of的賓語，空處應用名詞形式。
criticism
4．(2024·淄博一模)However, the stable water source ensures a _________(sustain) water supply to the spring.
sustainable　考查形容詞。設空處在a與名詞water supply之間，應用形容詞，作前置定語。
sustainable
5．(2024·青島二模)With a knife, thread, and toothpicks, he then refines it and eventually creates a lifelike and visually _________(strike) dough sculpture.
striking　考查形容詞。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾名詞dough sculpture，應用形容詞作定語。
striking
6．(2024·鎮江考前保溫卷)Different from other parts of China, the themes expressed in Miao embroidery (刺繡) are showy, ____________(imagine), and often based on folklores (民俗).
imaginative　考查形容詞。分析句子結構可知，空處作句子的表語，形容苗繡的主題，應用形容詞，imagine的形容詞形式為imaginative，意為“富有想象力的”，符合句意。
imaginative
7．(2024·湛江一模)They either serve as a _________(remind) of people's old childhood flavors, or relate to festival traditions and nostalgic (懷舊的) memories.
reminder　考查名詞。根據空前的a和句意可知，空處應用名詞，所給詞remind的名詞形式為reminder，意為“提醒物，引起回憶的事物”，符合句意。
reminder
8．(2024·廣東2月大聯考)Just under that “cut” lies Qinglongqiao railway station, which has witnessed the _______________(develop) of rail in China.
development　考查名詞。根據空前的定冠詞the可知，空處應用名詞。
development
[技法點撥]
1．如何判斷填形容詞
(1)作定語，修飾名詞或復合不定代詞；
(2)作表語，表主語的性質或狀態；
(3)作主語補足語，補充說明主語；
(4)作賓語補足語，補充說明賓語；
(5)作狀語，說明主語的狀態或心理感受。
常見后綴 例　詞
-able acceptable、 adaptable、 adjustable、 affordable等
-ed/-ing confused、 worried、 exciting、 encouraging等
-ive impressive、 instructive、 appreciative、 progressive等
-ful/-less doubtful、 forgetful、 thankful、 hopeless、 stainless等
2．如何判斷填名詞
(1)作表語，表明主語是“什么”，說明主語的身份、特征；
(2)作主語、同位語或及物動詞(短語)或介詞(短語)的賓語；
(3)作定語，說明被修飾詞的材料、功能、時間、地點、內容、類別。
常見后綴 例　詞
-ment development、achievement、argument、movement、amazement等
-ion/-tion/-ation relation、addiction、intention、determination、transportation、communication等
常見后綴 例　詞
-ing meeting、greeting、drawing、painting、parking、writing等
-er/-or/-ar waiter、travel(l)er、farmer、worker、teacher、reporter、sailor、survivor、liar、beggar等
-ance/-ence assistance、importance、performance、existence、acceptance等
-al survival、arrival、approval、refusal、proposal等
考法2　名詞的詞形轉換
　　名詞的變化主要包括名詞變復數、名詞的詞形變化和名詞所有格。
[試做經典]
1．(2024·全國甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are _________(treasure) of American heritage (遺產).
treasures　考查名詞復數。根據空前的are和空后的of可知，空處應用名詞復數，表示它們是美國遺產中的珍寶。
treasures
2．(2023·全國甲卷)_________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
Different　考查形容詞。be different from是固定短語，意為“與……不同”。此處作狀語，應去掉be動詞，且空處位于句首，單詞首字母要大寫。
Different
3．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Although they could never have met, there are common _________(theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
themes　考查名詞復數。根據空前的there are可知，此處應用名詞復數themes。
themes
4．(2023·浙江卷1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by _________(space) homes and walled gardens.
spacious　考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞homes，需要用形容詞作定語。
spacious
5．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)These plants included modern Western _________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
favourites　考查名詞復數。分析句子結構可知，空處作動詞included的賓語，前面的modern Western為定語，所以此處應填名詞；根據空后的“such as rosemary，lavender and fennel”可知，空處表示復數概念，應用favourites。
favourites
6．(2022·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)“He saved my _________(son) life，” said Mrs. Brown.
son's　考查名詞所有格。根據句意可知，life與提示詞son之間是所屬關系，故應用名詞所有格。
son's
7．(2024·遼寧協作校第一次模擬)Perhaps knitting our brows, setting our jaws, and narrowing our eyes into a serious, focused or determined _________(face) expression can help us perform better and ease the stress.
facial　考查形容詞。分析句子結構可知，空處為定語修飾名詞expression，表示“面部表情”，應用形容詞形式。
facial
8．(2024·青島二模)His works center on _________(hero) of ancient Chinese myths and classics.
heroes　考查名詞復數。根據后置定語of ancient Chinese myths and classics可知，空處的英雄人物不止一個，應用名詞的復數形式。
heroes
9．(2024·福州高級中學適應性訓練)Wu believes the Grand Canal is often compared with the West Lake, one of the most famous scenic _________(attraction) in Hangzhou.
attractions　考查名詞復數。attraction在此處意為“游覽勝地”，為可數名詞，又因空前有 one of the most famous 修飾，所以用名詞的復數形式。
attractions
10．(2024·婁底模擬)Hua'er, which literally means flower in Chinese, is known as a type of “mountain songs” and has been wildly popular in _________(China) Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang for hundreds of years.
China's　考查名詞所有格。分析句子結構并根據句意可知，空處需用名詞China的所有格形式作定語，修飾后面的名詞Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang，表示所屬關系。
China's
[技法點撥]
1．名詞的單復數
(1)若提示詞為名詞，則有以下情況時要考慮名詞的復數：
①有數詞或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different等詞修飾時用名詞的復數形式；
②名詞前有one of、 among時用名詞的復數形式；
③若謂語動詞是復數形式，則空處應用名詞的復數形式。
(2)以o結尾的單詞除了兩人(Negro、hero)、兩菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s；
(3)單復數同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等；
(4)永遠不可數的名詞：fun、 furniture、 information、 progress、 advice、 weather、 equipment、 homework、 luggage/baggage等；
(5)特殊變化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。
2．名詞轉換為形容詞
提示詞為名詞，如果作定語修飾后面的名詞，則一般考查名詞變形容詞。
常見后綴 例　詞
-able honorable、 fashionable等
-al natural、 musical、 national、 personal等
-ful colourful、 meaningful、 useful、 careful等
-en wooden、 woolen、 golden、 earthen等
-y wealthy、 healthy、rainy、 sunny等
3.名詞的所有格
提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關系，應考慮名詞的所有格。
(1)單數名詞和不以s結尾的復數名詞，通常在詞尾加's；
(2)以s或es結尾的復數名詞，通常在詞尾加'。
考法3　形容詞、副詞的詞形轉換
[試做經典]
1．(2024·全國甲卷)Two years later，18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the _________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
largest　考查形容詞最高級。根據空前的the及句意可知，空處應用形容詞最高級，表示“最大的”。
largest
2．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international _________(visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
visibility　考查名詞。international是形容詞，應修飾名詞。visible的名詞形式為visibility，表示“知名度”。
visibility
3．(2023·浙江卷1月)The term “hutong”，_________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
originally　考查副詞。空處修飾動詞meaning，應用副詞形式。
originally
4．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _________(rich) of gardening in England.
richness　考查名詞。空處跟在定冠詞the之后，且空后的of gardening對空處進行限定，因此應用名詞richness。
richness
5．(2024·江蘇決勝新高考5月聯考)According to a survey, children's addiction to online games is closely related to parent-child relations: the better the relationship is, the _____________(likely) a kid is to be addicted to online games.
less likely　考查比較級。“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”為固定句式，意為“越……，就越……”。根據句意可知，此處應用形容詞比較級less likely表示“較不可能的”。
less likely
6．(2024·棗莊二模)I have visited many cities in China, and Beijing is the one I love _________(much).
most　考查最高級。根據句意可知，此處表示最喜歡北京，應用副詞最高級修飾動詞love。
most
7．(2024·蘇州考前練習卷)Statistics show that the series has gained a rating of 7.9 out of 10 on the foreign review company IMDb and has accumulated 5 million views on one of the _______________(popular) video platforms in the world.
most popular　考查最高級。“one＋of＋形容詞最高級＋可數名詞復數”為固定結構，空處應用popular的最高級形式most popular，意為“最受歡迎的”。
most popular
8．(2024·潮州二模)This change led to food becoming more _________ (easy) available.
easily　考查副詞。空處修飾后面的形容詞available，應用副詞形式。
easily
9．(2024·汕頭二模)Firstly, the Chinese people work _________ (incredible) hard.
incredibly　考查副詞。空處修飾副詞hard，應用副詞形式。
incredibly
10．(2024·岳陽第二次質檢)Getting into the spirit of Lunar New Year, the woman said her hope for the Year of the Rabbit is “health, happiness, prosperity and peace for everyone, and _________(equal) for everybody and every culture...”
equality　考查名詞。根據句意和連詞and可知，空處與名詞health, happiness, prosperity and peace是并列關系，應用名詞形式，且equality為抽象名詞，不可數。
equality
11．(2024·張家界二模)It found wider _________(popular) during the Ming and Qing dynasties when it was used to fend off diseases, insects, mosquitoes and preserve people's health.
popularity　考查名詞。wider為形容詞，后接名詞作賓語。
popularity
[技法點撥]
1．形容詞、副詞的詞形轉換
(1)分析句子結構發現提示詞是形容詞且需要改變詞性時，應考慮用派生的副詞形式或名詞形式；
(2)若空處作定語、表語，則應考慮用形容詞形式；
(3)若空處修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，則應考慮用副詞形式；
(4)若空處在介詞后，則應考慮用名詞形式作賓語。
2．形容詞變副詞規律
(1)一般形容詞變副詞直接在其后加ly，如：quick →quickly、anxious→ anxiously；
(2)以e結尾的形容詞一般不去e，直接加ly，如：immediate→immediately、brave→bravely (例外：true→truly)；
(3)一些以le結尾的形容詞去e加y，如：simple→simply、 gentle→gently、 possible→possibly (例外：whole→wholly)；
(4)“輔音字母＋y”結尾，變y為i，再加ly，如：happy→happily、 easy→easily (例外：shy→ shyly)；
(5)以ic結尾的形容詞加ally，如：economic→economically、 basic→basically (例外：public→publicly)；
(6)以ll結尾的形容詞在其后加y，如：full →fully、 dull →dully。
3．形容詞、副詞轉換為比較級、最高級
(1)利用標志詞確定比較等級
①句中有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、than等標志詞時用比較級；
②空后有表示范圍的標志詞in、of、among等時用最高級。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”意為“越……，就越……”；
②“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級含義；
③句中雖沒有標志詞，但暗含比較，也需要用比較級或最高級。
考法4　代詞的詞形轉換
[試做經典]
1．(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of _________(they) contents.
their　考查代詞。此處用形容詞性物主代詞their作定語，修飾空后的名詞contents，表示“不會使包子開裂，或者溢出包子里的任何東西”。
their
2．(2024·全國甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area, with _________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
its　考查形容詞性物主代詞。根據句意并分析句子結構可知，空處修飾后面的beauty，應用形容詞性物主代詞its。
its
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking _________(one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
ones　考查代詞。代詞one意為“(在某類人中的)一個”，其前有some of限定修飾，應用one的復數形式。
ones
4．(2024·郴州三模)Octopuses (章魚) have the amazing ability to hide ____________(they) in their environments, using unique organs in their skin that can shrink and expand within seconds.
themselves　考查代詞。當賓語和主語所指相同時，賓語應用反身代詞；此處指“章魚自己”，應用反身代詞themselves。
themselves
5．(2024·廈門質檢)His mother jokingly asked _________(he) whether the sugar was sweet, and he said, “Yes, it is sweet enough.”
him　考查代詞。分析句子結構可知，空處作asked的賓語，應用he的賓格形式him。
him
6．(2024·安徽名校4月質檢)Shalise Leesfield, a 16-year-old Australian, devotes _________(she) to the protection of the gray nurse shark.
herself　考查代詞。“devote oneself to...”是固定搭配，意為“獻身于……；致力于……”，此處用反身代詞herself作賓語，與主語Shalise Leesfield構成互指關系。
herself
[技法點撥]
　　提示詞為代詞，當句子缺少主語、賓語、定語或表語時，一般填代詞；確定填代詞之后，再看一下空處所填代詞是否與上文提到的人或物有指代關系。
1．若分析句子結構發現提示詞作主語，則應考慮人稱代詞的主格形式；
2．若分析句子結構發現提示詞作賓語，則應考慮人稱代詞的賓格形式；
3．若分析句子結構發現提示詞作定語，則應考慮形容詞性物主代詞；
4．若分析句子結構發現提示詞作動詞或介詞的賓語，且和主語是同一人時，則應考慮反身代詞。
Test 1
　　(2024·杭州二模)It's common to see a barista (咖啡師) create coffee art, but it's a whole different ball game doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming, 1._________ 80-year-old Shanghai resident, has managed 2._________(perfect) the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha (點茶) in Chinese, which used to be a routine during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Over the past decades, he 3._________(use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns 4._________(base) on ancient paintings.
an
to perfect
has used
based
　　It's also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people appreciate 5._________(it) charm. “Dian cha in modern brewing enhances the taste of tea，” Han says. “It is similar 6._________ the foam on top of a cup of coffee, except that it is made of tea rather than milk.”
its
to
　　Chinese tea culture started to enjoy 7._________(popular) during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty, 8.________ tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other important items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
popularity
when
　　9．_________(total) different from the method of brewing tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The action of pouring hot water over fine powdered tea is called dian, hence the name dian cha, which 10._________(list) as an intangible cultural heritage of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu Province, in 2019.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“點茶”的歷史以及韓喆明是如何完善“點茶”技術和傳播“點茶”文化的。
Totally
was listed
1．an　考查冠詞。根據句意可知，此處泛指一名上海居民，故空處應用不定冠詞，“80”的發音以元音音素開頭，應用不定冠詞an。
2．to perfect　考查固定搭配。manage to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“設法做成某事”。
3．has used　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據句意和時間狀語Over the past decades可知，句子應用現在完成時；主語為he，助動詞應用has。
4．based　考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞，故空處應用非謂語動詞，“be based on...”意為“以……為基礎”，patterns和base之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，空處應用過去分詞作后置定語。
5．its　考查代詞。空后charm為名詞，應用形容詞性物主代詞修飾。
6．to　考查固定搭配。“be similar to...”為固定搭配，意為“與……相似”。
7．popularity　考查名詞。enjoy為動詞，后接名詞作賓語，popular為形容詞，對應的名詞為popularity，為不可數名詞。
8．when　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為the Song Dynasty，關系詞在從句中作時間狀語，應用關系副詞when。
9．Totally　考查副詞。different為形容詞，空處應用副詞，在句中作狀語，注意句首單詞首字母大寫。
10．was listed　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據句意和時間狀語in 2019可知，句子陳述的是過去發生的事，句子為which引導的非限制性定語從句，先行詞dian cha和list之間為被動關系，故應用一般過去時的被動語態；先行詞dian cha為單數，所以填was listed。
Test 2
　　(2024·玉溪一模)Prihardinni, from the Indonesian city of Surabaya, is amazed at how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) 1._______________ (continue) to develop since she began studying it.
has continued
　　The 20-year-old arrived in China in 2019 and initially studied Chinese in the eastern Chinese city of Wuxi. She is 2._________(current) a freshman at the Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, the only university in Northwest China permitted to grant a doctoral degree in TCM, 3._________ is a medical system with thousands of years of history and widespread international 4._________(popular).
currently
which
popularity
　　When Prihardinni was 10 years old, she suffered 5._________ continuous headaches. So, her mother took her to see a TCM doctor near their home. The doctor checked her pulse, examined her face and tongue, and wrote down a prescription (處方). After several 6._________(week) of consuming the bitter herbal medicine, her symptoms were relieved, and she found comfort.
from
weeks
　　“His medical skills were like magic，” Prihardinni recalls. The memory of being cured by TCM was remembered in Prihardinni's heart and it encouraged her 7._________(pursue) TCM study majoring in the clinical science of Chinese and Western medicines.
to pursue
　　“People in my country are becoming increasingly interested in TCM. 8._________(vary) social media vloggers are documenting their experiences with Chinese medicine，” Prihardinni says, 9._________(add) that she plans to return to her hometown after graduation and open a TCM clinic. “I want to tell my friends and relatives that Chinese medicine is also 10._________ good and trustworthy choice.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。來自印度尼西亞的普林哈迪尼開始學習中醫以來，對中醫藥的持續發展感到驚訝。文章介紹了普林哈迪尼學習中醫的起因、經過和她對中醫的看法。
Various
adding
a
1．has continued　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據其后的 “since she began studying it”可知，本句需用現在完成時，主語Prihardinni為第三人稱單數，謂語動詞也應用單數形式。
2．currently　考查副詞。空處修飾 be 動詞is，需要使用副詞形式。
3．which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞TCM，在從句中作主語，指物，應用關系代詞which。
4．popularity　考查名詞。空前的international是形容詞，其后跟名詞。
5．from　考查介詞。suffer from意為“患病”，為固定短語。
6．weeks　考查名詞復數。根據空前的 several可知，應用可數名詞復數。
7．to pursue　考查非謂語動詞。encourage sb. to do sth.意為“鼓勵某人做某事”，為固定搭配。
8．Various　考查形容詞。空處修飾其后的名詞短語social media vloggers，需用形容詞形式，句首單詞首字母要大寫。
9．adding　考查非謂語動詞。空前已有謂語動詞says，空處在句中為非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語 Prihardinni 是主謂關系，應用動詞-ing形式。
10．a　考查冠詞。choice 是可數名詞單數，此處為泛指，且good的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用不定冠詞a。(共178張PPT)
第三講　冠詞、代詞、
介詞(短語)、數詞及連詞
語法項目(一)
PART
01
第一部分
語法項目(一)　冠　詞
　　冠詞是高考語法填空的常考點，經常考查不定冠詞a、an和定冠詞the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答此類題目時，空后有名詞且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指含義時，要考慮不定冠詞a/an；有序數詞、最高級、表示特指或特指意義的比較級等形式時，要考慮定冠詞the；空處前后的詞與冠詞構成的固定搭配要牢記。
如何判定填冠詞
[典例呈現]
(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61._________ first time.
the
[解析]　第一步：確定是否填冠詞。分析句子結構可知，空后有名詞time。
第二步：判斷是特指還是泛指。for the first time是固定搭配，意為“第一次”。
[技法點撥]
第一步：確定是否填冠詞
　　分析句子結構，看空后是否有名詞。
第二步：判斷是特指還是泛指
1．若空后有可數名詞單數，搭配后表示泛指時，應考慮用不定冠詞a/an；
2．若空后有名詞，搭配后表示特指時，應考慮用定冠詞the；
3．看看是不是固定搭配。
考法　冠詞的基本用法
[試做經典]
1．(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The meat should be fresh with _________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
a　考查冠詞。a touch of是固定搭配，意為“少許、微量”。
a
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
the　考查冠詞。根據名詞culture后面的介詞短語of grassroots Beijingers可知，此處culture表示特指概念，應用定冠詞the修飾。
the
3．(2022·全國甲卷)_________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
A　考查冠詞。根據句意可知，此處泛指“他的一個朋友”，應用不定冠詞，friend的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a，空處位于句首，首字母應大寫。
A
4．(2022·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Covering an area about three times _________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
the　考查冠詞。此處用the，構成倍數表達法：倍數＋the size of＋名詞。
the
5．(2022·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)_________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
The　考查冠詞。分析句子結構可知，空處要填寫冠詞與Brown family 構成名詞短語作主語。“the＋姓氏”意為“某某一家人”，the符合句意。空處位于句首，首字母應該大寫。
The
6．(2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, _________ other stays fresh.
the　考查冠詞。分析句子結構可知，空后省略了名詞section。the other意為“另一個”，為固定搭配，空處應用定冠詞。
the
7．(2024·青島二模)Watching Liu work is _________ visual delight.
a　考查冠詞。此處為抽象名詞具體化，空后的delight意為“令人享受的事情”，表泛指，visual的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用不定冠詞a修飾。
a
8．(2024·惠州二模)Using short videos over new media platforms to promote tourism has become _________ effective publicity channel.
an　考查冠詞。根據句意可知，此處表示“一個有效的宣傳渠道”，故前要加不定冠詞表示單數概念，因空后effective的發音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。
an
9．(2024·江蘇五地第三次調研)They have _________ better flavor than the later batches which can be grown overnight.
a　考查冠詞。根據句意可知，此處表示“一個更好的口味”，為泛指，應用不定冠詞來修飾，且better的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a。
a
10．(2024·株洲一模)One day, when we look up at the sky, we may find that many satellites in _________ vast universe are looking back at us.
the　考查冠詞。分析句子結構可知，空后universe 為名詞，vast universe意為“浩瀚的宇宙”。此處表示唯一性，故用定冠詞the。
the
11．(2024·婁底模擬)At the age of 27, she was named an inheritor (傳承人) of Hua'er, becoming _________ youngest inheritor of this traditional art at the time.
the　考查冠詞。分析句子結構并根據句意可知，此處表示最高級，應用the來修飾。
the
12．(2024·十堰4月調研)After that talk with his mother, John set about making the effort to learn the art form and hoped to change _________ idea that men couldn't learn embroidery.
the　考查冠詞。根據句意可知，約翰希望改變的是“男人不能學習刺繡”這一觀念，句中idea表特指，前面應加定冠詞the。
the
[技法點撥]
1．兩個口訣巧判用the還是a/an
(1)用定冠詞the的情況：
特指雙方熟悉，上文已提及，世上獨一無二，專有名詞、西洋樂器、序數詞或最高級前；
(2)用不定冠詞a/an的情況：
泛指一類人或物，與one同義表“一”，和序數詞一起表“又一、再一”。
2．五種可能填冠詞的情況
(1)填不定冠詞a/an的情況：
①a/an＋單數可數名詞；
②a/an＋形容詞＋單數可數名詞。
(2)填定冠詞the的情況：
①the(＋定語)＋名詞＋of等介詞短語；
②the(＋定語)＋名詞＋定語從句；
③the(＋定語)＋名詞＋不定式/分詞短語。
3．根據固定搭配或用法確定冠詞
(1)不定冠詞用在固定搭配中，如：
catch a cold、 have a fever、 all of a sudden、 as a matter of fact、 as a result、 have a gift for、 make a living、 give sb. a lift、 have a good knowledge of等；
(2)定冠詞用在固定搭配中，如：
at the same time、 on the contrary、 to tell the truth、 in the distance、 make the most/best of、 on the spot等；
(3)動詞(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位；
(4)a＋比較級(＋名詞)，表示“一個更……的人或物”；
(5)抽象名詞具體化
具有某種特性、狀態、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時，可以與不定冠詞連用，常考的有：surprise、 pleasure、 comfort、 danger、 success、 failure、 beauty等。
Test 1
　　(2024·潮州一模)In 1998, an eco-museum was established in Suojia Miao, Yi and Hui Township, China's Guizhou Province. Consisting of 12 villages, including Gaoxing Village, the eco-museum is different from traditional ones. It isn't enclosed by walls and 1._________ it showcases is more than various collections.
what
　　Xiong Shaozhen, a 77-year-old resident of Gaoxing Village, weaves every day with a loom (織布機) in a wooden house, her daughter-in-law busy 2._________(learn) the craft from her.“The costumes, language, music and even the way of production of the local community are all living 3.___________(significance) exhibits，” said Luo Gang, head of the museum.
learning
significant
　　A decade ago, Gaoxing Village 4._________(list) in a traditional Chinese villages catalog (目錄). However, Luo found there were few looms left in the village. He 5._________(apply) for a budget from relevant departments and invited professional craftsmen to produce looms for the villagers. He asked each villager that received the machine 6._________ (use) it and train an inheritor (繼承者) of the local weaving technique. In addition, most of the old folk houses with their 7._________ (roof) made of straw needed regular replacement and Luo had their original appearance 8._________(restore).
was listed
applied
to use
roofs
restored
　　There are 25 such eco-museums in the province, which are in line 9._________ sustainable development principles. Not only do they guide villagers to perform independent-management and activate their passion for preserving their traditional cultures, but they create more jobs and give 10._________ boost to local tourism.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了貴州省梭戛苗族彝族回族鄉建立的生態博物館。
with
a
1．what　考查主語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，應用what引導。
2．learning　考查固定搭配。be busy doing sth.是固定搭配，意為“忙于做某事”。
3．significant　考查形容詞。空后是名詞exhibits，所以空處應填形容詞significant。
4．was listed　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，本句缺少謂語動詞，所以list應該作本句謂語，主語是Gaoxing Village，兩者之間是被動關系，應該用被動語態；根據時間狀語A decade ago可知，應用一般過去時；Gaoxing Village是單數，故填was listed。
5．applied　考查動詞的時態。根據and可知，空處是和invited作本句的并列謂語，所以apply也用一般過去時。
6．to use　考查固定搭配。ask sb.to do sth.是固定搭配，意為“要求某人做某事”。
7．roofs　考查名詞復數。空前是形容詞性物主代詞，所以空處應填名詞，roof意為“屋頂”，為可數名詞，此處表示復數意義，應用復數形式。
8．restored　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，本句已有謂語動詞had，所以restore應該用非謂語形式，邏輯主語是appearance，兩者之間是被動關系，應該用過去分詞表被動。
9．with　考查固定搭配。in line with是固定搭配，意為“符合……的”。
10．a　考查固定搭配。give a boost to是固定搭配，意為“促進”。
Test 2
　　(2024·江蘇決勝新高考5月聯考)Located in south Anhui Province, the two traditional villages Xidi and Hongcun are architectural 1._________(complex), with a high historical and artistic value. They still retain (保留) the original features of Anhui villages between the 14th and 20th centuries.
complexes
　　Xidi village 2.___________(compose) of more than 300 civil residences, most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Backed by picturesque hills and towering ancient woods, this village is noted 3._________ the harmony of its architecture and its colorful fields. The residential buildings are mostly black and white. The decorations display a strong flavor of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Potted plants, fishing pools and flowerbeds give 4._________ whole village a sense of harmony with nature.
is composed
for
the
　　Hongcun village features its overall design 5._________ resembles the shape of an ox. The ancient Academy of the South Lake casts its shadow in the lake and 6._________(create) a quiet scene together with ancient trees and graceful buildings around it.
that/which
creates
　　Xidi and Hongcun experienced 1，000 years of continuous 7.______________(transform) and development, all the while authentically 8._________ (preserve) their characters as traditional Chinese villages. The villages faithfully preserve elements that are typical of traditional pre-modern villages. 9.____________(additional), the site preserves regional art, customs, cuisine and other forms of cultural and traditional ways of life. Xidi and Hongcun are, without doubt, ideal sites for a contemporary society 10.____________(research) traditional village culture.
transformation
preserving
Additionally
to research
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了安徽省南部的兩個傳統村落西遞和宏村。
1．complexes　考查名詞復數。architectural為形容詞，空處應用名詞，作表語，根據句中are可知，應用復數形式。
2．is composed　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，句子陳述的是客觀事實，Xidi village和compose之間為被動關系，應用一般現在時的被動語態；主語Xidi village是單數，應填is composed。
3．for　考查固定搭配。“be noted for...”是固定搭配，意為“以……聞名”。
4．the　考查冠詞。句中whole前應與定冠詞the連用，特指“整個西遞村”。
5．that/which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，先行詞為design，指物，且空處在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞that或which。
6．creates　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據and可知，空處和casts作本句的并列謂語，應用第三人稱單數形式。
7．transformation　考查名詞。continuous為形容詞，空處應用名詞，作賓語，transform的名詞為transformation，為不可數名詞。
8．preserving　考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞experienced，空處應用非謂語動詞，Xidi and Hongcun和preserve為邏輯上的主謂關系，應用現在分詞。
9．Additionally　考查副詞。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾后面整個句子，應用副詞，作狀語。
10．to research　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意可知，此處表達“來進行研究”，表目的，所以用不定式。
語法項目(二)
PART
02
第二部分
語法項目(二)　代　詞
如何判定填代詞
[典例呈現]
(2024·福州第二次質檢)I feel 65._________ our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscription with the younger generations and foreigners.
it
[解析]　第一步：確定是否填代詞。動詞feel后缺少賓語，且空后沒給提示詞，故需要填代詞。
第二步：確定代詞的種類和形式。句子真正的賓語是不定式，空處應用it作形式賓語，feel it our responsibility to do sth.意為“覺得做某事是我們的責任”。
[技法點撥]
第一步：確定是否填代詞
　　分析句子結構，發現句子缺少形式主語或形式賓語時，應考慮用it。
第二步：判斷是否指代上文中提到的人或物
　　分析句子結構，發現指代上文中所提到的人或物時，應考慮用相應的代詞。
考法　代詞的基本用法
[試做經典]
1．(2024·淄博一模)It's extremely dry here, with the amount of annual evaporation (蒸發) being more than 60 times _________ of the annual rainfall.
that　考查代詞。此處意為“年降雨量”，是同類異物特指，空處用代詞that替代前面提到的the amount。
that
2．(2024·齊魯名校聯盟聯考)Even so, _________ was not until the Republic of China era in the 1910s that there were some noticeable results in promoting a common unified language in China.
it　考查固定句型。“It was not until...that...”是強調句型，意為“直到……才……”。
it
3．(2024·泰安三模)The authors say, “_________ is time to start understanding and discussing AI's potential.”
It　考查固定句型。“it is time to do sth.”意為“是做某事的時候了”。
It
4．(2024·廣東2月大聯考)Yang Cunxin, who was born and raised next to the station and later worked there, feels _________ a duty to tell the story of its connection to China's history.
it　考查代詞。分析句子結構可知，本句的賓語為動詞不定式短語，空處應用it作形式賓語。
it
5．(2024·雅禮中學月考)The Chinese government has increasingly invested in the protection of tangible (物質的)and intangible cultural heritage nationwide, by building museums, hosting more events. You name _________．
it　考查代詞。“You name it.”意為“你想得到的都有，凡是你說得出的(應有盡有)”，是習慣表達。
it
6．(2024·遼寧教研聯盟一模)_________ keeps my brain active to communicate with people online.
It　考查代詞。分析句子結構可知，動詞不定式to communicate with people online是真正的主語，空處是形式主語，應用it，首字母應大寫。
It
7．(2024·寧波4月模擬)Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after _________ in swift movements to convey different emotions.
another　考查固定搭配。one after another是固定搭配，意為“一個又一個、一個接一個”。
another
8．(2024·重慶八中二模)Studies at Harvard Business School show that though some individuals may be more creative than _________， almost every individual can be creative in the right circumstances.
others　考查代詞。“some...others...”是固定搭配，意為“一些……其他……”，根據句中some individuals可知，空處應用others，表示“其他人”。
others
9．(2024·蚌埠質檢)It was one of the three nationwide celebrations back then. The _________ two were Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
other　考查代詞。根據空前一句的句意可知，空處所在句表示“另外兩個是元宵節和中秋節”，空處意為“其他的”，用other。
other
10．Anne, a short video talent from Omaha, USA, filmed a reaction video to the artistry and posted _________ online.
it　考查代詞。根據句意可知，空處指代上文的a reaction video，應用it。
it
[技法點撥]
1．句意清，指代明
　　當句中缺少主語或賓語時，一般要填代詞。
(1)如果空前出現了可數名詞單數或不可數名詞，并且空處作主語，可根據指代的情況用he、she或it；
(2)如果空前出現了可數名詞單數或不可數名詞，并且空處作賓語，可根據指代的情況用him、her或it；
(3)如果空前出現了可數名詞復數，并且空處作主語，用they；
(4)如果空前出現了可數名詞復數，并且空處作賓語，用them。
2．it的用法
(1)指代天氣、時間、距離等；
(2)代替上文提到過的事物；
(3)it可作形式主語或形式賓語；
(4)it常用的固定用法：
①It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他；
②when it comes to...當談到……；
③as sb. puts it正如某人所說；
④make it成功；take it easy別緊張；go it加油；get it明白
3．熟記常見代詞的區別
(1)二者選其一用either；二者都不選用neither；
(2)若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一個”用another；若表示“(兩者中的)另一個”用the other，常用結構：one...the other...；若表示“其余的、另外的”，在名詞前用other；若泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，不跟名詞且指代復數，用others，常用結構：some...others...；
(3)若指代上文出現的可數名詞單數或不可數名詞則用that；若指代可數名詞復數用those；
(4)若指代前面出現過的某類事物中的“一個”用one；若指代復數形式用ones。
Test 1
　　(2024·江蘇新高考基地學校大聯考)Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hours sitting in her office in Hunchun, Jilin Province to make a 1.____________(compare) of hundreds of photos of Siberian tigers on the computer.
comparison
　　“It seems a little boring, but 2._________(basic) I enjoy the work, which makes a connection between me and the big cats，” said the 36-year-old monitor from the search monitoring center of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. The park 3._________ (stretch) across the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.
basically
stretches
　　Duan is responsible for identifying the tigers according to patterns on 4._________ (they) fur and giving them something like 5._________ identity card.
　　The park, 6._________ size exceeds (超過) 1.4 million hectares, is the most important habitat for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in China.
　　The Siberian tigers' “ID cards” come 7._________ a lot of important basic data that aids scientific conservation. 8._________(base) on such information, Duan draws the family trees of the tigers.
their
an
whose
with
Based
　　Recent years 9. _______________(see) a remarkable increase in the variety and number of wild animals and more tiger families have been found, including some back two or three generations.
　　“I feel quite honored to be involved in such significant work，” Duan said. “10._________(create) a more beautiful world, humans and wild animals, I hope, can live in harmony.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了東北虎豹國家公園搜索監測中心的管理員段連儒的工作及意義。
has/have seen
To create
1．comparison　考查名詞。此處作賓語且空前有不定冠詞a，應用可數名詞單數形式。
2．basically　考查副詞。此處修飾后面整句話，應用副詞形式作狀語。
3．stretches　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。句子陳述客觀事實，應用一般現在時；主語The park是第三人稱單數，謂語動詞也應用單數形式。
4．their　考查代詞。此處修飾名詞fur，應用形容詞性物主代詞。
5．an　考查冠詞。此處泛指“一張身份證”，應用不定冠詞，identity的發音以元音音素開頭，應用不定冠詞an。
6．whose　考查定語從句。此處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是park，關系詞在從句中作size的定語，應用關系代詞whose。
7．with　考查介詞。此處指東北虎的“身份證”上有很多重要的基礎數據，有助于科學保護。空處應用介詞with，意為“帶有”。
8．Based　考查非謂語動詞。be based on意為“根據、以……為基礎”，為固定短語，空處省略be動詞，應使用過去分詞作狀語。
9．has/have seen　考查動詞的時態及主謂一致。由句意可知，此處表示過去的動作或狀態持續到現在，應用現在完成時，主語Recent years被看作整體時，謂語動詞用單數；若強調個體時，謂語動詞也可以用復數，即助動詞可以使用has或have。
10．To create　考查非謂語動詞。此處作目的狀語，應用動詞不定式。
Test 2
　　(2024·海南高考全真模擬)By drawing on the surface of a cup of tea, chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick has become popular. However, 10 years ago, this typical technique was close to 1._____________(disappear) completely.
　　“It in fact requires dozens of processes, and they are not easy 2.___________(complete)，” Zhang Zhifeng, a performer of chabaixi, said.
disappearing
to complete
　　As a special art form in China, 3._________ had once been as normal as drawing and playing instruments, chabaixi can create endless 4._________(pattern) such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy such as autographs and short proverbs.
　　“It is 5._________(total) different from making latte (拿鐵) because we use clear water as the object to inject into the cup instead of milk. But when the water 6._________(touch) the surface of stirred tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes，” Zhang explained.
which
patterns
totally
touches
　　This technique 7._________(list) as part of China's Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recovered by Zhang. “This technique is the key 8._________ tea culture
　　from the Song Dynasty, and it would be such 9._________ shame to let it fade. 10._________ is also necessary that this technique must be passed on to the next generations so they can have a better understanding of the history behind it，” Zhang added.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種古老的中國茶藝——茶百戲。
was listed
to
a
It
1．disappearing　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意以及空前的介詞to并分析句子可知，空處應該填disappearing作介詞to的賓語。
2．to complete　考查固定句型。主語＋be＋adj.＋to do為固定句型，其中不定式用主動形式。
3．which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞a special art form為物，且空處在定語從句中作主語，所以應用關系代詞which。
4．patterns　考查名詞復數。根據所給可數名詞pattern以及空前的endless可知，空處應填pattern的復數形式。
5．totally　考查副詞。空處修飾形容詞different，應用副詞形式，作狀語。
6．touches　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。后面主句的時態是一般現在時，時間狀語從句的時態也應該是一般現在時；主語water為不可數名詞，謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數形式。
7．was listed　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。空處是該句子的謂語部分，根據時間狀語in 2017可知，應用一般過去時；句子的主語This technique和動詞list之間是被動關系，所以應該用被動語態；主語This technique為單數，謂語動詞應用單數形式。
8．to　考查介詞。the key to...意為“……的關鍵”。根據句意和空前的名詞key可知，空處應填介詞to和名詞key搭配。
9．a　考查冠詞。此處表泛指，應用不定冠詞，shame的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a。
10．It　考查固定句型。空處應填It作形式主語，構成固定句型：It＋be＋adj.＋that從句，真正的主語是后面的that從句。
語法項目(三)
PART
03
第三部分
語法項目(三)　介詞(短語)、數詞
　　高考對介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及含介詞的固定搭配的用法上。語法填空題對介詞的考查形式為純空格，即沒有提示詞，這對考生正確理解句意和對知識的掌握提出了較高的要求。因此，考生應在掌握介詞基本用法的同時，注意總結和積累其與名詞、形容詞、動詞等搭配構成的短語并熟記其意義和用法。近幾年，高考對數詞鮮有考查。
如何判定填介詞
[典例呈現]
(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands 63._________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
as
[解析]　第一步：確定是否填介詞。分析句子結構，發現空后的名詞achievement在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語，其前應填介詞。
第二步：根據句意及固定搭配確定答案。分析句子結構，發現空處在不及物動詞stand后名詞achievement前，應考慮動詞與介詞的搭配；再根據句意“該玻璃溫室作為當代設計的偉大成就而存在”可知，此處為stand as，意為“作為……存在”。
[技法點撥]
第一步：確定是否填介詞
　　分析句子結構，發現名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時，其前面一般填介詞。
第二步：根據句意及固定搭配確定答案
1．分析句子結構，發現空格在名詞前后時，應考慮名詞與介詞的搭配；
2．分析句子結構，發現空格在不及物動詞后名詞前時，應考慮動詞與介詞的搭配；
3．分析句子結構，發現空格在形容詞后名詞前時，應考慮形容詞與介詞的搭配。
考法1　介詞(短語)的基本用法
[試做經典]
1．(2023·全國甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _________ saving their environment.
for　考查介詞。take responsibility for是固定搭配，意為“對……負責”。
for
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)Thanks to Beijing's long history _________ the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
as　考查介詞。根據句意可知，as是介詞，意為“作為”，符合句意。
as
3．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways _________ Romeo and Juliet.
to　考查介詞。分析句子結構可知，空處在形容詞similar后名詞Romeo and Juliet前，應考慮形容詞與介詞的搭配；再根據句意“《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似”可知，此處為be similar to，意為“與……相似”。
to
4．(2024·全國甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
for　考查介詞。分析句子結構可知，空處在不及物動詞preserve后名詞people前，應考慮動詞與介詞的搭配；再根據句意“要妥善保護這個地區，以供全國人民欣賞”可知，此處表示“為了”。
for
5．(2024·濟南一模)An ancient stone gate first greets your eyes _________the entrance to the village.
at　考查介詞。在某個“小地點”時，可使用介詞at。at the entrance意為“在入口處”。
at
6．(2024·濰坊一模)She greets her fans _________a sweet, gentle voice just like any other livestreamer.
in　考查介詞。此處表達“用甜美溫柔的聲音”，應用介詞in表示“用……”之意。
in
7．(2024·泰州中學一模)_________feeling happy, which is a temporary state, leading a happier life is about individual growth by finding meaning through the whole life.
Unlike　考查介詞。此處表示“暫時的幸福”和“更幸福的生活”的比較，這兩種幸福是不同的，需用介詞unlike，位于句首首字母大寫。
Unlike
8．(2024·蘇北七市二模)In ancient times, the drums were played _________New Year's Eve at the imperial palace to bring peace.
on　考查介詞。New Year's Eve是“除夕”，在具體的某一天前用介詞on。
on
9．(2024·鹽城第三次模擬)A research center has also been established, _________experts from home and overseas jointly providing suggestions for their protection.
with　考查介詞。“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”為固定結構，空處應用介詞with。
with
10．(2024·江門一模)The Yutu-2 is named _________ the pet rabbit of the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e.
after　考查介詞。be named after是固定搭配，意為“以……命名”。
after
11．(2024·茂名二模)Johannes Vermeer is famous around the world _________his paintings of calm scenes in domestic settings, according to the museum.
for　考查介詞。表示“以……聞名”用短語be famous for。
for
12．(2024·衡陽二模)Livestock stay on the ground floor, while people always live ___________it.
above/over　考查介詞。根據上文的“Livestock stay on the ground floor”以及表示“對比”的連詞while可知，此處應表示“在……上方”，用介詞above或over。
above/over
13．(2024·湖北七市3月聯考)Over a decade ago, McKenzie said researchers discovered a link _________exercise and focus in children.
between　考查介詞。“between...and...”是固定搭配，意為“在……和……之間”。
between
14．(2024·福建高三4月聯考)_________the same time, they shall assume responsibility and fight as best as they can. Since ancient times, Wing Chun has been a technique for gentlemen.
At　考查介詞。at the same time是固定短語，意為“同時”，句首字母需大寫。
At
[技法點撥]
1．辨邏輯，聯想恰當介詞
(1)表示時間的in、on和at
①in表示在某段較長的時間內(如世紀、朝代、年、月、季節等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；
②on表示在具體的日子或具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；
③at表示某個時間點、時刻等。
(2)表示交通方式的by和on/in
①by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名詞，名詞前不加冠詞；
②on/in后跟交通工具時，名詞前應有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語。
(3)表示“用……”的by、in和with
①by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如：by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand；
②in多用于表示語言、材料的名詞前；
③with多用于表示工具或身體器官的名詞前。
(4)for：①(表示去向)往、向，如：leave for(動身去……)；②為得到、為獲取；③表示一段時間，如：for two years (兩年)；④因為、由于；⑤就……而言。
(5)beyond：①在……另一邊；②在……更遠處；③超出、非……所能及。
(6)as用作介詞，意為“作為”，常用于一些動詞之后，如：work as(從事……工作)、serve as(可用作……)、 act as(擔任、充當……)。
(7)despite/in spite of意為“盡管”。
2．依據句式和搭配填介詞
(1)與動詞搭配，如：mistake...for... (把……誤認為……)、devote...to...(致力于……)。
(2)與名詞或代詞搭配，如：(a) lack of (缺乏……)、on one's own/by oneself(靠自己)。
(3)與形容詞搭配，如：be absent from (缺席)、be curious about (對……感到好奇)。
(4)其他搭配，如：from...to...(從……到……)、between...and...(在……和……之間)。
(5)介詞短語，如：by accident (偶然)、in trouble (處于困境中)、in turn(依次，轉而)。
考法2　數詞的基本用法
[試做經典]
1．(2023·全國甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the _________(six) century B．C．
sixth　考查數詞。空前有定冠詞the，空后是名詞century，所以空處填序數詞sixth。
sixth
2．(2024·龍巖3月質檢)Li Xingchang, 68, is the _________(eight) inheritor in his family.
eighth　考查數詞。空前有定冠詞the，空后是名詞inheritor，所以空處填序數詞eighth。
eighth
3．(2024·重慶南開中學質檢)A recent report showed that in the whole country, the barbecue is _________(two) only to hot pot among late-night dining options.
second　考查數詞。根據后面的only to可知，此處表示“第二大夜宵選擇”，所以用序數詞。
second
4．There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late _________(eighty).
eighties　考查數詞。in one's late eighties意為“在某人快九十歲時”。
eighties
5．Back in the _________(ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season.
nineties　考查數詞。根據句意可知，此處表示“在九十年代”，空處應用nineties。
nineties
6．It is reported that the floods have left _________(thousand) of people homeless.
thousands　考查數詞。thousands of意為“數以千計的”。
thousands
[技法點撥]
1．基數詞變序數詞規律
(1)一般由基數詞加th構成，如：sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、hundredth；
(2)以y結尾的基數詞，先把y變為ie，再加th，如：twentieth、thirtieth；
(3)不規則變形，如：first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth等。
2．年齡、年代表達法
(1)表達“在某人幾十多歲”時，用“in one's＋整十基數詞的復數”，如：in one's fifties(在某人五十多歲時)；
(2)表達“在幾十年代”時，用“in the＋整十基數詞的復數”， 如：in the thirties(在三十年代)。
Test 1
　　(2024·東莞二模)When Lin Zhanxi first introduced mushroom cultivation(培育) to the Gobi Desert residents of Ningxia, he didn't expect such a phenomenal success. 1._________inventor of juncao, a method that uses grass cuttings as substrate (培養基) for growing eatable and medicinal mushrooms, has long been committed 2._________expanding the method in poverty relief.
The
to
　　In the 1980s, as a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin experimented with grass instead of logs to grow mushrooms because logs weren't 3._________(ready) available for many rural households while grass, 4._________leaves and roots can be used for ecological management, is an essential multi-functional agricultural resource. In 1986, Lin made it, and soon his method 5._____________ (adopt) by 51 counties in Fujian.
readily
whose
was adopted
　　When juncao was made a key project in the pairing-off cooperation between Fujian and Ningxia in 1997, Lin advocated 6._________(take) advantage of abandoned cave dwellings (窯洞) for growing mushrooms in Ningxia. The project doubled the farmers' yearly income that year.
taking
　　The success made juncao7._________(promote) in 506 China's counties and it was then introduced to 106 developing countries. This world-famous innovation 8.____________(bring) welfare to millions of people so far. What touched Lin most during his journey to other countries to help develop juncao technology was that a foreign minister even named his daughter after juncao in honor of China's 9._________ (assist).
promoted
has brought
assistance
　　“I feel I have a new mission 10._________(shoulder), even after China wins its battle to reduce poverty. I can still foresee the importance of juncao in helping farmers better their situation and improving the ecology and the environment around us，” he said.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了菌草的發明者林占熺長期以來一直致力于在扶貧中推廣菌草，對扶貧做出了巨大貢獻的故事。
to shoulder
1．The　考查冠詞。此處為特指一種以草屑為基質種植食用蘑菇和藥用蘑菇的方法，所以用定冠詞。
2．to　考查介詞。be committed to為固定搭配，意為“致力于”。
3．readily　考查副詞。修飾形容詞應用副詞。
4．whose　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞是grass，空處在定語從句中作定語，所以應用whose。
5．was adopted　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作謂語，與主語method之間為被動關系，應用被動語態；因句子表達的是發生在過去的動作，應用一般過去時；主語method為單數，故填was adopted。
6．taking　考查固定搭配。advocate doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“主張做某事”。
7．promoted　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作賓語補足語，應用非謂語動詞，因與其邏輯主語juncao之間為動賓關系，應用過去分詞。
8．has brought　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作謂語，根據時間狀語so far可知，應使用現在完成時；主語This world-famous innovation為單數，助動詞用has。
9．assistance　考查名詞。空處在句中作賓語，應用名詞。
10．to shoulder　考查非謂語動詞。空處在句中作后置定語，表示一個尚未發生的不確定的動作，應用動詞不定式。
Test 2
　　(2024·湖北4月調研)China will build the world's largest national park system, and a layout plan will be released soon.The plan is being drafted 1._________(meet) the requirements of building a system with the largest scale of protection, the most diverse geographical features and the highest conservation value in the world. Under the plan, which 2.__________________ (launch) by the administration in 2019, about 50 areas have been selected as candidates for national parks.
to meet
was launched
The parks are expected to cover 10 percent of the 3._________(country) land area and preserve more than 80 percent of the key national 4._________(protect) wild plant and animal species. In October, China announced its first group of five national parks, covering 5._________total land area of more than 230,000 square kilometers. Since their establishment, the parks 6.___________(make) achievements in environmental and species protection.
country's
protected
a
have made
“At the same time, a new group of national parks are being established 7._________an orderly manner and will be put into use as soon as possible，” emphasized Li, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration official. Li also said at the news conference on Monday 8._________China's planted forest conservation area has reached 87.6 million hectares, 9._________(rank) No.1 in the world. China is also one of the 12 countries with the 10._________(rich) biodiversity in the world, he added.
in
that
ranking
richest
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇新聞報道。中國將建設世界上最大的國家公園體系，不久將發布布局規劃。該規劃正在起草中，以滿足建設世界上保護規模最大、地理特征最多樣、保護價值最高的體系的要求。
1．to meet　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意可知，此處表目的，應用不定式作目的狀語。
2．was launched　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作謂語；根據時間狀語 in 2019可知，應用一般過去時；先行詞the plan與launch之間是被動關系，應用被動語態；the plan為單數，故填was launched。
3．country's　考查名詞所有格。此處作定語，應用名詞所有格形式。
4．protected　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處是非謂語動詞作定語。wild plant and animal species與protect之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞。
5．a　考查冠詞。“cover a(n)...area of”是固定搭配，意為“占地……；覆蓋多大面積”，total的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a。
6．have made　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作謂語；根據時間狀語Since their establishment可知，此處應用現在完成時；主語the parks是復數，助動詞用have。
7．in　考查介詞。in an orderly manner是固定搭配，意為“有條不紊地”。
8．that　考查賓語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，該賓語從句成分齊全，句意完整，應用that引導。
9．ranking　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意可知，此處表示一種自然而然的結果，應用現在分詞作結果狀語。
10．richest　考查形容詞的最高級。根據句中in the world可知，此處應用形容詞的最高級。
語法項目(四)
PART
04
第四部分
語法項目(四)　連　詞
　　對連詞的考查主要涉及并列連詞和三大從句，是高考語法填空的重點和難點，也是學生的易錯點。分析句子成分，牢記從句規則用法是解題的關鍵。
如何判定填連詞
[典例呈現]
(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65._________see how Tang's play was being performed.”
and
[解析]　第一步：判斷是否填連詞。分析句子結構可知，短語hear the Chinese language和see how Tang's play was being performed之間存在邏輯關系。
第二步：確定具體的連詞。分析句子結構可知，短語hear the Chinese language和see how Tang's play was being performed之間是并列關系，應填and。
[技法點撥]
第一步：確定并列連詞
　　如果兩個單詞、短語、分句之間存在并列、轉折、選擇、因果關系時，填并列連詞。
第二步：確定引導詞
　　如果空處引導從句，則首先要看它所引導的是哪一種從句，然后根據引導詞的種類和功能來確定填哪一個引導詞。
考法1　并列連詞
[試做經典]
1．(2023·全國乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, _________somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
but/yet　考查連詞。根據句意可知，前后分句間是轉折關系，應用but或yet。
but/yet
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing _________arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
and　考查連詞。分析句子結構可知，planned和arranged是并列的謂語動詞，表示并列關系，應用連詞and連接。
and
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home _________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
or　考查連詞。分析句子結構可知，空前后兩個分句之間是選擇關系。either...or...意為“要么……要么……”，為固定用法。
or
4．(2024·揚州考前調研)She notes that it's suitable for both personal and group consumption, and can be drunk quickly _________enjoyed for a whole afternoon.
or　考查連詞。根據句意可知，前后句之間為選擇關系，應用連詞or。
or
5．Weak and dizzy, I was about to fall to the ground _________someone took hold of me.
when　考查連詞。“be about to do...when...”為固定句型，意為“正要做……這時……”。
when
6．Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, _________you will get a worthwhile reward.
and　考查連詞。此處為固定句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”，結合句意可知，應用連詞and。
and
7．Hardly had we arrived at the farm _________we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
when　考查連詞。分析句子結構并結合句意可知，此處為固定句型“hardly...when...”，意為“一……就……”。
when
[技法點撥]
1．關系分析法
　　分析空格前后單詞、短語或分句之間的關系，確定用哪個連詞。
(1)表示并列或遞進關系的連詞有and、both...and...、neither...nor...、 not only...but (also)...等；
(2)表示選擇關系的連詞有or、either...or...等；
(3)表示轉折或對比關系的連詞有but、 while、 not...but...等；
(4)表示因果關系的連詞有so、 for等。
2．句型法
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句
(2)be doing...when... 正在做……，這時……
be about to do...when... 正要做……，這時……
had just done...when... 剛做完……，這時……
hardly...when... 一……就……
考法2　定語從句
[試做經典]
1．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(紀念)Tang Xianzu, _________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”， add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
who　考查定語從句。空處引導非限制性定語從句，指人，先行詞是Tang Xianzu，故應用who引導。
who
2．(2024·全國甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
which　考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，且在從句中作主語，先行詞是Wrangell-Saint Elias，應用which。
which
3．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
that/which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞為表示物的名詞短語the Silk Route，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用that/which。
that/which
4．(2024·淄博一模)The Crescent Spring, _________terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has become a romantic scenic spot.
whose　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為The Crescent Spring，空處在從句中作定語，修飾名詞terrain and landscape，應用關系代詞whose。
whose
5．(2024·棗莊一模)He has worked in many companies in China and also married a girl in Beijing, _________has allowed him to know China better.
which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，關系代詞指代前面的句子，在從句中作主語，應用which。
which
6．(2024·山東省實驗中學一模)There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as pingshu and shuanghuang, among _________the crosstalk is most popular.
which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，此處為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞types，作介詞的賓語，指物，應用which。
which
7．(2024·濱州二模)The barbecue craze in Zibo began on March 8, 2023, _________a group of college students rode a high-speed train to the city to eat skewers.
when　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞March 8, 2023，且從句缺少時間狀語，應用關系副詞when引導。
when
8．(2024·漳州第三次質檢)During the activity, you are encouraged to introduce your favorite English literature to us and state the reason _________you like it.
why　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，從句中不缺少主干成分，且先行詞是reason，應用why。
why
9．(2024·廈門第二次質檢)The postal service hall is no longer a traditional one, providing a new scene _________ citizens can socialize and experience postal culture.
where　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞scene，在定語從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導。
where
10．There was once a town in the heart of America _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
where　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，先行詞是表示地點的名詞town，關系詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用where。
where
[技法點撥]
第一步：確定是定語從句
　　分析句子結構，空處無提示詞，空后的句子不完整，且對空前的某一名詞、代詞或整個主句起限定作用，就要考慮填定語從句關系詞。
第二步：分清限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
　　在先行詞的后面出現逗號的往往是非限制性定語從句。
1．that、 why不能引導非限制性定語從句；
2．which引導非限制性定語從句，可以代表主句的全部或部分內容，可在從句中充當實義動詞的主語；
3．as引導非限制性定語從句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意為“正如”。
第三步：尋找先行詞，判斷屬性(指人還是指物，表示時間、地點還是原因)
1．先行詞指人用that、who、whom、whose；
2．先行詞指物用that、which、whose；
3．表示時間、地點、原因用when、where、why。　
第四步：判斷從句中所缺成分，確定關系詞
1．缺少主語用that、which、who；
2．缺少動詞的賓語用that、which、who、whom；
3．缺少介詞的賓語用whom、which；
4．缺少定語用whose；
5．缺少時間、地點或原因狀語用when、where、why。
考法3　名詞性從句
[試做經典]
1．(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅱ) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is _________they need an English trainer.
why　考查表語從句。根據句意可知，此處考查固定句型“This is why...”，意為“這就是……的原因。”
why
2．(2024·全國甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _________is now northwestern Wyoming. They were part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
what　考查賓語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作主語，應用what。
what
3．(2024·海南高三學業水平診斷)There is no doubt _________China's AI industry will have an infinitely bright future.
that　考查同位語從句。“there is no doubt that...”為固定句型，意為“毫無疑問……”，其中that引導同位語從句，起解釋說明的作用。
that
4．(2024·浙江金麗衢十二校聯考)_________are known as important aspects of the traditional Chinese calendar, such as holidays, seasonal divisions, and the 24 solar terms, came from these astronomical observations.
What　考查主語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導主語從句，從句缺少主語，表示“……的(東西等)”，應用what，句首單詞首字母需大寫。
What
5．(2024·遼寧名校聯盟3月適應性考試)It's reported _________many scenes were shot on the grounds of distinguished Chinese scientific institutes.
that　考查主語從句。“It's reported that...”為固定句型，意為“據報道……”，該句型中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that引導的從句。
that
6．(2024·濰坊二模)It suggests simply eating smaller meals, less frequently, is _________ultimately leads to weight loss.
what　考查表語從句。分析句子結構可知，suggests后為省略了that的賓語從句，從句中缺少表語，空處需引導名詞性從句作is的表語，表語從句中缺少主語，指物，應用連接代詞what。
what
7．(2024·廣東名校5月模擬)We are so casual and careless about _________we use things around us to make us fun, but it is important for our happiness and health.
how　考查賓語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，從句缺少方式狀語，應用連接副詞how引導。
how
8．(2024·蚌埠第四次質檢)However, the timing of the festival varies between regions, because of the difference in _________flowering begins.
when　考查賓語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，從句中不缺主語或賓語，根據句意可知，空處意為“什么時候”，應用when。
when
9．(2024·海南高三一模)It's just because that person isn't great at _________is known in psychology as perspective taking (換位思考).
what　考查賓語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，在從句中作主語，表示“……的(東西等)”，應用what。
what
10．(2024·大連二模)She has been working hard at her art since the age of two; that was _________Wang Shi Chiang first became aware of his daughter's interest in painting.
when　考查表語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導表語從句，從句中缺少時間狀語，應用when。
when
[技法點撥]
1．兩個技巧搞定名詞性從句
(1)分析句子成分
①從句中不缺任何成分且句子意義完整，應考慮that引導同位語從句、表語從句或賓語從句，此時that沒有詞義，也不作任何成分；
②從句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思時，則應考慮whether引導各種名詞性從句；if引導及物動詞后的賓語從句；
③從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語，考慮用連接代詞what、who、whom、which、whatever等；
④從句中缺少狀語，考慮用連接副詞where、when、how、why等。
(2)結合句意和引導詞的本義解題
有些引導詞在句中有很鮮明的意義，如whether/if (是否)、whoever (任何人)、whatever (任何事)、because (因為)、why (為什么)等。結合句意和語境，不難解決這類試題。
2．掌握常見的it句型
(1)It be＋形容詞＋主語從句；
(2)It be＋過去分詞＋that從句；
(3)It be＋名詞詞組(a pity、a surprise、a good news)＋that從句。
3．牢記that和what的區別
(1)that沒有詞義，且在從句中不作任何成分；
(2)what在從句中表示“……的(東西等)”(有時可以不譯)，在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。
考法4　狀語從句
[試做經典]
1．(2024·濰坊一模)However, she had just made major progress in livestreaming _________her condition worsened to the edge of death.
when　考查狀語從句。分析句子結構并結合句意可知，空處引導狀語從句，表示“當……時”，應用when引導。
when
2．(2024·江蘇前黃中學一模)There is so much to take in ______disciples (學徒) usually start their career as young children，spending years conditioning their bodies and minds for the stage.
that　考查狀語從句。此處為“so...that...”句型，意為“如此……以至于……”，引導結果狀語從句。
that
3．(2024·安徽皖江聯盟最后一卷)_________________________historic and natural wonders are still the priorities, Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience.
Though/Although/While　考查狀語從句。根據句中的“Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience”可知，逗號前的內容為讓步狀語從句，空處表示“盡管”，應填Though或Although或While。
Though/Although/While
4．(2024·重慶高考模擬調研)Kam Waihi shaved her hair on May 12 in recognition of her friend Kathi Tait, who has been dealing with alopecia areata (斑禿)_________she was nine years old.
since　考查狀語從句。分析句子結構可知，“she was nine years old”是時間狀語從句，結合其前的現在完成進行時“has been dealing with”可知，此處應用since引導時間狀語從句，表示動作的起點。
since
5．(2024·葫蘆島二模)Emperor Liu Che would establish a cuju field _________his army went.
wherever　考查狀語從句。根據句意可知，空處應用wherever，意為“無論去哪里”，引導地點狀語從句。
wherever
6．(2024·青島二模)You can't be too careful to control the knife, _________once there is a wrong cut, you need to start all over again.
because　考查狀語從句。根據句意可知，空后句子為空前內容的原因，應填because引導原因狀語從句。
because
[技法點撥]
1．句意法
(1)while、 when、 as、 since、 before、 after等引導時間狀語從句；
(2)because、 since、 as、 now that等引導原因狀語從句；
(3)if、 unless、 once等引導條件狀語從句；
(4)though、 although、 while等引導讓步狀語從句；
(5)in case等引導目的或條件狀語從句；
(6)where、 when引導地點、時間狀語從句；
(7)whatever、 whenever、 however、 whichever、 wherever 等引導讓步狀語從句。
2．固定句式法
(1)so/such...that... 如此……以至于……
(2)not...until... 直到……才……
(3)It will/won't be＋一段時間＋before...
過了多長時間才/沒過多長時間就……
(4)It is＋一段時間＋since... 自從……以來已經多長時間了。
(5)whether...or (not)... 無論……還是……
Test 1
　　(2024·曲靖二模)Gathering more than 200 of China's cultural relic experts together, a contest focusing on antique restoration 1._________ (take) place in Taiyuan, North China's Shanxi Province on Mar. 26, 2023. 2._________(arrange) by the National Cultural Heritage Administration, a large number of 3.____________(participant) showed their skills by working on authentic historical relics.
took
Arranged
participants
　　Tao Zhongjun, 4._________Chinese historian, said, “Real relics for repairers are what a good canvas (畫布) is to a painter.” The cultural relic repairers 5._______________(choose) from six categories to reveal the country's strictly designed relics conservation schemes (規劃).
a
were chosen
　　Li Qun, a vice minister of culture and tourism, said that the competition aims to select and train some6._________(high) skilled relic experts so as to establish a talent troop that possess up-to-date restoration skills.
highly
　　Searching for talents from 27 provinces around the country, the competition is the largest event for 7._________(select) future talents ever held in China's cultural relic industry. Yu Jiadong, 8._________is a vice minister of human resources and social security, said that China is striving to build a 9.___________(profession) competition system with Chinese characteristics and that this competition is 10._________great importance to this field.
selecting
who
professional
of
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一個聚集了200多名中國文物專家的古董修復比賽，旨在選拔和培訓一些技能更高的文物專家，以建立一個具有最新修復技能的人才隊伍。
1．took　考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，空處為謂語動詞。根據時間狀語on Mar.26, 2023可知，應使用一般過去時。
2．Arranged　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處為非謂語動詞。arrange與主句主語之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，應使用過去分詞作狀語，句首單詞首字母需大寫。
3．participants　考查名詞復數。根據a large number of可知，此處應用名詞復數形式。
4．a　考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，應用不定冠詞，且Chinese的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a。
5．were chosen　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處為謂語動詞。照應上文謂語動詞said，空處也應為一般過去時；主語repairers和choose之間為被動關系，應用被動語態，且主語為復數，故填were chosen。
6．highly　考查副詞。此處修飾形容詞skilled，應使用副詞。
7．selecting　考查非謂語動詞。介詞for后應用動名詞作賓語。
8．who　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞Yu Jiadong，指人，在定語從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who引導。
9．professional　考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞短語competition system，應使用形容詞。
10．of　考查固定搭配。be of great importance是固定搭配，意為“具有重要性”。
Test 2
　　(2024·泰安二模)Thanks to abundant rainfall and the patient effort of the local government, Jinan, 1._________provincial capital of Shandong that 2._________(title) as the “city of springs”， has seen a year of remarkable achievement.
the
is titled
　　The Baotu Spring, a famous scenic spot in the city's Lixia district, saw its water table beyond 30 meters on Oct.11 to reach the 3._________(high) level for that time of year since it started gushing (噴涌) again in 2003.Since early this year, the spring's water table 4._________(be) on the rise, the water affairs bureau says. There are 1，209 artesian (自然流淌的) springs in Jinan, according to a list 5._________(publish) in September, 2022.　
highest
has been
published
　　The southern hilly area, 6._________also collects and generates the spring water, is higher than the river plain to the north. The groundwater flows downward and gushes out at the foot of the hills. In some springs, bubbles are seen rising from the bedrock. The water is so clear in every spring that 7._________(tourist) can see the bottom of the springs. The Black Tiger Spring originates 8._________ a 3-meter-deep, 1.7-meter-wide 9._________(nature) cave. Its name comes from the roaring sound it makes 10._________water gushes out of tiger head-shaped stones.
　　The springs in Jinan are a way of life.
which
tourists
from
natural
when
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了山東省會濟南的幾處著名的泉水。
1．the　考查冠詞。capital意為“省會”，是名詞，前面應加the，表示特指。
2．is titled　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。關系代詞that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞Jinan，空處是從句謂語，和that指代的先行詞Jinan之間是被動關系，所以用被動語態；描述客觀事實，用一般現在時；Jinan為單數，故填is titled。
3．highest　考查形容詞的最高級。根據定冠詞the和句意可知，此處表示“最高水位”，用形容詞最高級形式。
4．has been　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語Since early this year可知，用現在完成時；主語the spring's water table是第三人稱單數，助動詞用has。
5．published　考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞，所以此處用非謂語動詞形式。名詞a list和publish之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞作定語。
6．which　考查定語從句。空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為The southern hilly area，指物，且空處在從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞which引導。
7．tourists　考查名詞復數。tourist意為“游客”，為可數名詞，此處表示泛指，所以用復數形式。
8．from　考查介詞。originate from為固定搭配，意為“起源于”。
9．natural　考查形容詞。修飾名詞cave，應用形容詞形式。
10．when　考查狀語從句。根據句意可知，此處表示“當……時候”，應用連詞when，引導時間狀語從句。(共137張PPT)
專題四　語法填空
[研高考·辨考向]
試卷 名稱 考試 年份 考查 體裁 主題 語境 文章 話題 命題考點 有提示詞 無提示詞 謂語 動詞 非謂語動詞 名 詞 形容 詞、 副詞 代 詞 數 詞 冠 詞 介 詞 并列 連詞 從
句
新高考全國卷Ⅰ 2024 說明文 人與社會 英國 “絲路花園” 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 1
2023 說明文 人與社會 中國美食小籠包 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0
2022 說明文 人與自然 大熊貓國家公園 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
試卷 名稱 考試 年份 考查 體裁 主題 語境 文章 話題 命題考點 有提示詞 無提示詞 謂語 動詞 非謂語動詞 名 詞 形容 詞、 副詞 代 詞 數 詞 冠 詞 介 詞 并列 連詞 從
句
新高考全國卷Ⅱ 2024 說明文 人與社會 莎士比亞和湯顯祖的作品的相似之處 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
2023 記敘文 人與自我 教熊貓飼養員英語 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1
2022 記敘文 人與自我 救助墜樓小孩 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 1
[抓規律·找依據]
第一講　動　詞
　　動詞是歷年高考的必考點，而且考查數量占比最大。對動詞有關知識的掌握是考生在語法填空中取得高分的關鍵。動詞的形式變化比較多樣，有謂語形式的變化(如時態、語態、虛擬語氣及主謂一致)，非謂語形式的變化(如動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞形式)及動詞詞形的變化。
如何判定作謂語還是非謂語
[典例呈現]
[典例1] (2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62._______________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
have started
[解析]　第一步：確定是否填謂語。分析句子結構可知，句中缺少謂語動詞，空處在句中作謂語。
第二步：考慮時態、語態和主謂一致。根據空前的時間狀語Over the last two years可知，空處應該用現在完成時；主語some supermarkets是動作start的發出者，應用主動語態；根據空前的復數主語some supermarkets可知，助動詞應用復數形式。
[典例2] (2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)To eat one, you have to decide whether 57._________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，58.or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌頭).
to bite
[解析]　第一步：確定是否作謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，動詞decide后的成分為賓語，連詞whether后沒有主語，故此處應用非謂語動詞。
第二步：確定填何種非謂語形式。此處考查“whether＋不定式”結構，不定式須用主動形式，且空處與下文的to put是并列關系。
[技法點撥]
第一步：確定是作謂語還是非謂語
1．分析句子結構，若句中無謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但空處所需詞與之是并列關系時，空處就用謂語動詞；
2．分析句子結構，若句中已有謂語動詞，且不是作并列謂語動詞時，則要考慮用非謂語動詞。
第二步：若填謂語動詞，就要考慮時態、語態和主謂一致
1．看“時間”定時態(注意語境中暗含的時間狀語)；
2．看“主語”定語態(看主語是否為動作的發出者)；
3．看人稱和數，確保主謂一致。
第三步：若填非謂語動詞，就要確定填何種非謂語形式
1．提示詞與邏輯主語是主謂關系時，常用動詞-ing形式；　
2．提示詞與邏輯主語是動賓關系時，常用過去分詞形式；　
3．提示詞在句中作目的狀語或表示意料之外的結果時，常用動詞不定式形式。
語法項目(一)
PART
01
第一部分
考法1　謂語動詞的時態
[試做經典]
1．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
walks
walks　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作謂語；本句描述了the Silk Route Garden的客觀情況，時態用一般現在時；walk在此作動詞，意為“(循序漸進地)教、逐步引導”，與主語the Silk Route Garden之間為主動關系；且主語表示第三人稱單數，應用walks。
2．(2024·青島二模)Dough (面團) sculpture, also known as dough flowers, _________(date) back to the Han Dynasty (202-220BCE).
dates　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。date back to (追溯到)無被動形式；根據語境可知，此處陳述的是客觀事實，時態應用一般現在時；主語Dough sculpture為單數，謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數形式。
dates
3．(2022·全國甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ____________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
has walked　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語In the last five years可知，此處應用現在完成時；主語Cao為第三人稱單數，助動詞應用has。
has walked
4．(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—_______________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
have promised　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語since the effort started two years ago可知，此處應用現在完成時；主語academics為復數，助動詞應用have。
have promised
5．(2023·浙江卷1月)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often _________(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens.
featured　考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，空處在此作謂語。結合上下文可知，此處描述的是過去發生的事情，應用一般過去時。
featured
6．(2024·唐山一模)Now, this little-known written language ______________(experience) something of a rebirth.
is experiencing　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語Now可知，此處應用現在進行時；主語this little-known written language為第三人稱單數，謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數形式。
is experiencing
7．(2024·遼寧高三二模)Because of this interconnected relationship it means that if one system is disturbed, it _________(result) in the other system being disturbed.
will result　考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，“if one system is disturbed”為if引導的條件狀語從句，用一般現在時，因此遵循“主將從現”原則，主句“it _________(result) in the other system being disturbed”應用一般將來時。
will result
8．(2024·大連二模)By the time she was sixteen, Yani _____________ (paint) more than ten thousand pictures.
had painted　考查動詞的時態。根據時間狀語從句“By the time she was sixteen”可知，此處應用過去完成時。
had painted
9．(2024·阜新4月聯考)A report showed that a crowd of residents of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Province, _________(sing) and danced on Saturday to celebrate the coming of Jingzhe or the Awakening of Insects.
sang　考查動詞的時態。根據and danced可知，此處應用一般過去時。
sang
10．(2024·濟南二模)Obviously, the business ______________________ (grow) since the beginning of this year.
has grown/has been growing　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語since the beginning of this year可知，此處應用現在完成時，也可以用現在完成進行時，表示一個動作從過去開始持續到現在并將持續下去。主語 the business為第三人稱單數，助動詞應用has。
has grown/has been growing
11．(2024·保定二模)For most of the children, it was the first time in their lives that they_______________(watch) a movie on such a “giant” screen, as there is no cinema in the village.
had watched　考查固定句型。在“it was the first time that...”句型中，that從句使用過去完成時，為固定用法。
had watched
12．(2024·濟南一模)It is high time that we ________________________ (embrace) the bright spring.
embraced/should embrace　考查固定句型。在“It is (high/about) time that...”句型中，that從句中的動詞用一般過去時或should do。
embraced/should embrace
[技法點撥]
1．標志詞判斷法
　　在高考語法填空中，有時會給出時間標志詞，可根據所給時間狀語來確定對應時態：
(1)一般現在時：sometimes、often、every week/day/year/morning等；
(2)一般過去時：yesterday、last week/night/year/month、the other day、in＋過去的年份、時間段＋ago、時間段＋later等；
(3)現在進行時：look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time等；
(4)過去進行時：at that time/moment等；
(5)一般將來時：tomorrow、next week/year、in＋時間段、in the future等；
(6)將來進行時：at this time tomorrow等；　
(7)現在完成時：since＋時間點、recently、lately、already、so far、ever since、up to/until/by now、during/over/in the last/past＋時間段、in/over recent＋時間段等；
(8)過去完成時：by then、until then、by/before/till the end of＋過去的時間點等。
2．瞻前顧后找并列
(1)表示并列的連詞有and、but、or、rather than、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)...等；
(2)同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時態要一致。
3．語境暗示法
　　分析句子結構，發現提示詞作謂語，但沒有標志性的時間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯，通過正確理解語境即通過語境暗示解題，也是解決時態問題的一條行之有效的方法。
4．固定句型判斷法
(1)be doing...when...；
(2)This/It/That is＋the＋序數詞＋time＋(that)從句，從句用現在完成時；
(3)This/It/That was＋the＋序數詞＋time＋(that)從句，從句用過去完成時；
(4)It is/has been＋時間段＋since sb./sth. did...；　
(5)by the time＋sb./sth. did...，主語＋had done...；
(6)no sooner had ＋主語＋ done ...than ＋主語＋ did.../hardly had ＋主語＋done... when ＋主語＋did...；
(7)It's (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.
考法2　謂語動詞的語態
[試做經典]
1．(2024·全國甲卷)What should _________(do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
be done　考查動詞的語態。主語What與do之間是被動關系，應用被動語態；空前的should是情態動詞，其后應用動詞原形。
be done
2．(2023·全國乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _______________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遺產) while constantly growing.
was amazed　考查動詞的時態和語態。由下文時態可知，應用一般過去時；I和amaze之間是被動關系，應用被動語態。
was amazed
3．(2022·浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—___________________________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
is viewed/has been viewed　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。描述人們普遍認知的事情用一般現在時，此處也可以表示強調人們從過去到現在的認知，動名詞作主語，與謂語之間存在被動關系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
is viewed/has been viewed
4．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _________(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
was built　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作謂語，主語是a six-meter-tall pavilion，與build之間是被動關系；此處描述過去的事，應用一般過去時的被動語態；且主語為單數，be動詞應用was。
was built
5．The coat you bought for me is made of a kind of cloth that _________(wash) easily.
washes　考查動詞的語態。此處為主動形式表示被動意義，表示主語a kind of cloth具有某種“性質”使得動作wash得以進行。
washes
[技法點撥]
1．依據邏輯關系，辨析主動或被動
(1)分析句子結構，發現提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動關系，應考慮用主動語態； 若是被動關系，則考慮用被動語態。
(2)被動語態的基本形式為： be＋過去分詞，被動語態的時態體現在be動詞上。
(3)只有及物動詞(短語)才有被動語態，系動詞和不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態。
2．常考的幾種時態的被動語態
(1)一般現在時：am/is/are done；
(2)一般過去時：was/were done；
(3)一般將來時：will be done；
(4)過去將來時：would be done；
(5)現在完成時：has/have been done；
(6)過去完成時：had been done。
3．主動形式表被動含義的句式結構：
(1)當feel、look、smell、taste、sound等系動詞后面接形容詞時；
(2)當cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash、open、run、burn等動詞后有狀語(well、easily等)修飾，用來表示主語內在品質或性能時，用主動形式表示被動含義。
考法3　主謂一致
[試做經典]
1．(2023·全國乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _________(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
means　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。上下文的時態為一般現在時，此處也應用一般現在時；句子的主語為“The remarkable development of this city”，謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數。
means
2．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________(be) also Shakespeare's concerns.
were　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。主語Some of the things為復數，且此處描述過去的事，故填were。
were
3．(2024·重慶巴蜀中學質檢)The Mount Changbai Geopark, along with five other Chinese geoparks, _______________(recognize) as a Global Geopark by UNESCO on March 27.
was recognized　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語on March 27可知，時態為一般過去時；主語“The Mount...geoparks”與動詞recognize之間為被動關系，應用被動語態；along with連接兩個主語，謂語動詞的數要與前邊的主語保持一致，be動詞應用was。
was recognized
4．(2024·衡水中學期中)While enjoyed throughout China, Jianzi ____________(describe) by Chai as an important aspect of hutong culture. The narrow alleyways, situated within Beijing's inner city, provide the setting for the game's popularity.
is described　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句子描述的是客觀事實，應用一般現在時；根據句意及空后的by可知，空處用被動語態；主語Jianzi是不可數名詞，be動詞應用單數形式。
is described
5．(2024·汕頭二模)Now, more than just a lantern show, it also _________(serve) as an opening activity to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France in 1964.
serves　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據now可知，應用一般現在時；主語it為第三人稱單數，謂語動詞也應用第三人稱單數形式；且主語與動詞serve之間為主動關系，應用主動語態。
serves
6．As the year 2024 is the Year of the Dragon in China, many a brand __________________________(roll) out a large variety of dragon-themed goods lately.
has rolled/has been rolling　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據句意和時間狀語lately可知，此處應用現在完成時，或用現在完成進行時表示過去開始的動作一直持續到現在；many a brand后謂語用第三人稱單數。
has rolled/has been rolling
7．Amy, as well as her brothers, _________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
was given　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。as well as連接并列名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數與第一個主語一致，因此應用單數；根據時間狀語last week可知，應用一般過去時；空處與主語之間是被動關系，應用被動語態。
was given
8．(2024·全國甲卷)They _________(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
were　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。結合文章時態和句意可知，此處描述過去的情況，應用一般過去時；主語是They，be動詞應用復數形式。
were
[技法點撥]
1．語法一致原則
(1)分析句子結構發現提示詞作謂語，且主語后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引導的短語時，要考慮謂語動詞的數與短語前面的主語保持一致；
(2)在定語從句中，關系代詞that、who、which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與主句中先行詞的數保持一致；
(3)“many a/more than one＋單數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；each、every、no所修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and 連接，謂語動詞仍用單數。
2．就近原則
(1)or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)...、not...but...等連接并列主語時；
(2)there/here be句式。
3．意義一致原則
(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(不可分割的整體)時，謂語動詞用單數；
(2)動詞不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數；
(3)由分數、百分數或者some、a part of等修飾時，要根據所修飾的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復數；
(4)“the＋形容詞”表示抽象概念，作主語時謂語動詞用單數；“the＋形容詞”表示一類人或物，作主語時謂語動詞用復數。
Test 1
　　(2024·臨沂一模)You've never heard songs quite like this before. In fact, it seems that Moyun can transform just about any song into something completely new 1._________ the help of the Guzheng. This traditional Chinese instrument 2._________(make) of 16 or more strings and movable bridges. Together, it produces some of the sweetest sounds that pair surprisingly well with 3._________ was originally a rock song.
with
is made
what
　　“Traditional Chinese instruments aren't suited for 4._________(adapt) a band's entire sound，” Moyun said. “Guzheng is like the bass. It's hard to create variations with it.” Despite the 5._________(limitation), Moyun has mastered the process of changing popular music for the Guzheng. In one of her many videos 6._________(share) on the Internet, she does this with “Thunderstruck” by AC/DC． During her 7._____________ (perform), Moyun is constantly moving both of her hands, each movement 8._____________(effortless) methodical (有條理的) and fascinating to watch. When she's not plucking (彈撥) one of the instrument's many strings, she is beating it like a drum.
adapting
limitations
shared
performance(s)
effortlessly
　　By sharing videos like these, Moyun hopes that more people will come to appreciate this unique instrument. “Chinese culture tends 9._______ (be) abstract，”she said. “It's not really accessible. But pop culture is accessible. By putting 10._________ two together, I hope the audience can appreciate my music.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了墨韻在古箏的幫助下，似乎可以把任何一首歌都變成全新的東西。
to be
the/these
1．with　考查介詞。根據句意可知，此處應用介詞短語with the help of，意為“在……的幫助下”。
2．is made　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。此處名詞instrument和動詞make之間為被動關系，構成短語be made of“由……組成”；該句為描述客觀事實，應用一般現在時；主語instrument為單數，故填is made。
3．what　考查賓語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，且在從句中作主語，指物，應用what。
4．adapting　考查非謂語動詞。介詞for后應用動詞-ing形式。
5．limitations　考查名詞復數。根據句意可知，此處應用名詞limitation的復數形式，表示“局限性”。
6．shared　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處為非謂語動詞作后置定語，修飾videos，因videos和動詞share之間為被動關系，所以用過去分詞形式。
7．performance(s)　考查名詞。根據空前her為形容詞性物主代詞可知，此處用名詞形式，performance意為“表演”時，單復數形式皆可。
8．effortlessly　考查副詞。根據副詞修飾形容詞可知，此處應用副詞effortlessly，修飾形容詞methodical and fascinating。
9．to be　考查固定搭配。tend to do sth.為固定短語，意為“傾向于做某事”。
10．the/these　考查限定詞。根據句意以及空后的two表示名詞“兩個”可知，此處可以用定冠詞the表示特指，也可以用指示代詞these后接復數名詞，對名詞起到限定作用。
Test 2
　　(2024·陽泉三模)Chinese art is an important part of the country's cultural heritage. It 1._____________(distinguish) itself from Western painting in that it is drawn on Xuan paper (or silk) with the Chinese brush and Chinese ink.
distinguishes
　　2．_________(attain) ability in this art, it is necessary to have a good control of the brush, and certain knowledge of Xuan paper and Chinese ink. Before painting, the painter must have a 3._________(detail) draft in his mind. Once he starts to paint, he will 4._________(normal) have to complete the work at one go. A large number of Chinese painters, at the same time, 5._________(be) poets who often add their own poems to the paintings. The resulting piece of work is usually 6._________ integrated (整合的) whole of four branches of Chinese art—poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal-cutting.
To attain
detailed
normally
are
an
　　Chinese paintings 7.__________(divide) into two major categories, free hand brushwork (Xie Yi) and fine brushwork (Gong Bi). The former is characterized by simple and bold strokes (筆畫) representing the exaggerated (夸張的) likeness of the objects 8._________ the latter is done by specific brushwork and close attention to particulars. And it's difficult to tell how long the art of painting 9.__________(exist) in China. Pots from 5，000-6，000 years ago were painted in color with patterns of plants and animals, 10._________ reflected various aspects of the life of primitive people. These may be the beginnings of Chinese painting.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國畫。
are divided
and/while
has existed
which
1．distinguishes　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。文章通篇是一般現在時，此處應用一般現在時；主語It是單數，因此空處應用第三人稱單數distinguishes。
2．To attain　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意可知，此處表目的，應用動詞不定式。位于句首，首字母大寫。
3．detailed　考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞draft，應用形容詞detailed，意為“詳細的”。
4．normally　考查副詞。空處修飾動詞have to complete，應用副詞normally，意為“通常”。
5．are　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。主語painters是復數，且文章時態是一般現在時，因此空處應用are。
6．an　考查冠詞。whole是名詞，意為“整體”，是可數名詞，且表泛指，前面需加不定冠詞，integrated的發音以元音音素開頭，因此用an。
7．are divided　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句子表示“中國畫被分為兩大類”，應用被動語態，be divided into是固定短語，意為“被分為”；主語paintings是復數且通篇時態是一般現在時，因此空處應用are divided。
8．and/while　考查連詞。根據前面的The former和后面的the latter可知，前后兩句是并列關系，空處表示“和”或“而”，應用and或while。
9．has existed　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據語境可知，句子表示“很難說繪畫藝術在中國存在了多久”，空處用現在完成時表示已經存在；主語the art of painting是單數，因此空處應用has existed。
10．which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞是patterns of plants and animals，指物，因此用關系代詞which。
語法項目(二)
PART
02
第二部分
語法項目(二)　非謂語動詞
考法1　非謂語動詞作賓語
[試做經典]
1．(2023·全國乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years _________(record) everything I discovered.
recording　考查非謂語動詞。spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定搭配。
recording
2．(2024·全國甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
to catch　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意并分析句子結構可知，句中已有謂語tend，此處應填非謂語。tend to do sth.意為“往往會做某事”，為固定用法。
to catch
3．(2024·菏澤一模)He wanted _________(learn) more about China—an ancient civilization with a unique language, history, literature and culture.
to learn　考查非謂語動詞。want to do sth.意為“想要做某事”，空處缺少不定式作賓語。
to learn
4．(2024·廣東名校5月模擬)They reported _____________(experience) headaches, depression, nervousness and exhaustion.
experiencing　考查非謂語動詞。動詞report后用動名詞作賓語，意為“報告做了或正在做某事”。
experiencing
5．(2024·岳陽質檢)It's what everybody deserves _________(have) in this world, in America and everywhere.
to have　考查非謂語動詞。deserve to do sth.意為“值得做某事”，此處用不定式作賓語。
to have
6．(2024·張家口一模)“If it helps to promote local tourism, I don't mind _________(be) an online celebrity，” Liu said during a previous interview.
being　考查非謂語動詞。動詞mind后用動名詞作賓語，意為“介意做某事”。
being
7．(2024·阜陽3月質檢)While some people helped pay for the gas, Sivley never asked _______________(compensate) for all his hard work!
to be compensated　考查非謂語動詞。ask to do sth.意為“要求做某事”，又因為 Sivley與 compensate之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，故此處用不定式的被動形式作賓語。
to be compensated
8．(2024·淮北一模)Zhang Jun, who is secretary-general of the event organizing committee, said the festival is committed to _______________ (strengthen) international film cultural exchanges and cooperation, promoting the development of the film industry, and fostering the prosperity of film creation.
strengthening　考查非謂語動詞。be committed to doing sth.是固定短語，意為“致力于做某事”，故此處用動名詞作賓語。
strengthening
9．(2024·鎮江4月學情調研)Even though in the past 2,000 years many changes have occurred, libraries have kept their main purpose to be certain about _________(give) the truth.
giving　考查非謂語動詞。介詞about后應用動詞-ing 形式。
giving
10．(2024·邵陽二模)The ground floor tends _________(use) as storage space for firewood and farming equipment.
to be used　考查非謂語動詞。tend to do sth.是固定搭配，意為“傾向于做某事、往往會做某事”，又因use與主語之間為被動關系，故應用不定式的被動式。
to be used
11．(2024·婁底四模)Since then, Sa has devoted herself to mastering the folk art from learning from Ma the techniques and skills used in performances, attending performances given by other well-known singers, practicing singing Hua'er whenever possible, to _________(study) its origin and history.
studying　考查非謂語動詞。空格前面的to是介詞，與其前的第一個from構成“from...to...”結構，故此處用動名詞作賓語。
studying
12．(2024·張家口一模)After graduating from college, Liu chose _________(return) to work in his hometown of Yajiang county, where he became director of the tourism bureau in 2002.
to return　考查非謂語動詞。動詞choose后用不定式作賓語。
to return
[技法點撥]
1．提示詞是動詞
(1)若句中已有謂語，且設空處不是作并列謂語而是作介詞或動詞(短語)的賓語時，應用非謂語動詞；
(2)利用邏輯主語和所給提示詞的關系確定形式：主謂關系用doing/to do，動賓關系用being done/to be done。
2．牢記非謂語動詞作賓語的固定結構
(1)介詞(如by、for、of、with、without、after等)之后加動詞-ing 形式作賓語，注意“to”的身份識別；
(2)常見只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞：hope、wish、expect、agree、promise、demand、ask、refuse、manage、learn、decide/determine、pretend、choose/select、plan、offer、apply、fail、afford、prepare、desire、happen等；
(3)常見只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語)：enjoy、consider、escape、avoid、risk、appreciate、admit、mind、imagine、delay、allow、permit、finish、suggest、practise、 excuse、miss、go on、give up、put off、be devoted to、 insist on、 keep on、 succeed in、 be worth等；
(4)be busy doing sth.、have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth.、spend some time/money/energy (in) doing sth.。
考法2　非謂語動詞作狀語和補語
[試做經典]
1．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)_________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
Recalling
Recalling　考查非謂語動詞。此句已有謂語動詞said，recall與邏輯主語Edmondson之間是主謂關系，應用現在分詞形式作狀語。
2．(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left _________(want) more next time.
wanting　考查非謂語動詞。leave sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”。
wanting
3．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (鋁).These sepals open on warm days _________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
to give　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，此處表示目的，應用動詞不定式to give。
to give
4．(2023·全國乙卷)_____________(visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遺產) while constantly growing.
Having visited　考查非謂語動詞。結合句意及句中的狀語several times over the last 10 years可知，visit所表示的動作已經發生多次，且發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。
Having visited
5．(2024·浙江卷1月)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra _________(benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense.
to benefit　考查非謂語動詞。根據buying extra和from price reductions可知，此處是指多買一些為了從降價中獲益，應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。
to benefit
6．(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
to be lifted　考查非謂語動詞。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此處表示“小籠包被從蒸籠里拿出來”。them與lift之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，此處構成allow sth.to be done結構。
to be lifted
7．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _________(find) the connection between the two great writers.
to find　考查非謂語動詞。be amazed to do sth.意為“對做某事感到驚訝”，是固定搭配， 其中動詞不定式作原因狀語。
to find
8．(2024·泰安一模)_________(locate) on Beijing Road, the block hosts intangible cultural heritage displays and events.
Located　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此句已有謂語動詞hosts，故空處動詞作非謂語，且與句子主語the block之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞形式作狀語，注意首字母大寫。
Located
9．(2024·重慶模擬)Ms. Tait wore a wig (假發) for the first year of high school and her hair grew back, only _________(fall) out again after a year and a half.
to fall　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意及空前的only可知，此處為only to do作結果狀語，表示出乎預料的結果。
to fall
10．(2024·梅州一模)In China, it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, with over 3，000 graduates ____________(specialize) in tea production and art every year.
specializing　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處為with復合結構。介詞with后的賓語over 3，000 graduates與specialize之間為主動關系，故用現在分詞形式作賓語補足語。
specializing
11．(2024·雅禮中學月考)He called on the nation _________(meet) people's ever-growing intellectual and cultural needs as well as to build greater cultural confidence and strength.
to meet　考查非謂語動詞。call on sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意為“號召某人做某事”，此處用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
to meet
12．(2024·湖南5地調研)To make wildlife _________(protect) better, the authority has not only set the list of habitats but also published a list of wild animals under special conservation, listing 150 kinds of wild animals.
protected　考查非謂語動詞。此處為“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，動詞protect和賓語wildlife之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
protected
13．To feed the eight billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy _________(produce) in large numbers.
to produce　考查非謂語動詞。形容詞后面常跟不定式作狀語，盡管to produce和其邏輯主語plants之間是被動關系，此處用主動形式表示被動意義。
to produce
[技法點撥]
　　2個技巧確定非謂語動詞作狀語
1．邏輯關系分析法
(1)若主語與所給提示詞是邏輯上的主謂關系：表示目的，應用to do；表示出乎意料的結果，應用only to do；表示時間/條件/原因/讓步/伴隨/自然而然的結果，應用doing；
(2)若主語與所給提示詞是邏輯上的動賓關系：表示動作還未發生，應用to be done；表示動作已經發生，應用done。
2．固定句型用法
(1)主語＋be＋形容詞(easy、hard、interesting、pleasant、safe等)＋to do, 句子主語與不定式之間是邏輯上的被動關系；
(2)too＋adj./adv.＋to do、adj./adv.＋enough＋to do、so ＋adj./adv.＋as to do、such＋名詞＋as to do等結構中，不定式作結果狀語；
(3)主語＋動詞＋表示情緒的形容詞(excited、happy、anxious、satisfied、delighted、angry等)＋to do，不定式作原因狀語。
　　2個技巧確定非謂語動詞作補語
1．邏輯關系分析法
(1)主語或賓語與所給提示詞是邏輯上的主謂關系：doing/(to) do；
(2)主語或賓語與提示詞是邏輯上的動賓關系：被動完成 done；被動將來to be done；被動進行being done。
2．固定搭配和句型法
(1)to do作賓語補足語：allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、persuade、tell等＋sb. to do sth.；　
(2)用省略to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞(短語)：“五”看；“三”使；“兩”聽；“一”感覺。“look at/see/watch/notice/observe，make/let/have, hear/listen to, feel”＋sb.＋do sth.；
注意：在被動語態中作主語補足語要還原to，如be made to do。
(3)have sb./sth. doing意為“讓某人/某物一直做、允許/容許某人/某物做某事”；
have sth. done意為“使某事被做、遭遇某事”；
have sth. to do意為“有某事要做”；
have sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”。
(4)with復合結構
①“with＋賓語＋to do”，表示動作還未發生；
②“with＋賓語＋doing”，表示主動、動作正在進行；
③“with＋賓語＋done”，表示被動、動作已經完成。
考法3　非謂語動詞作定語
[試做經典]
1．(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the ___________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
recognized　考查非謂語動詞。此處表示“得到認可的小籠包的發源地”。空處在句中作定語，修飾名詞home，且與home之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，故用過去分詞形式。
recognized
2．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
inspired　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意并分析句子結構可知，空處應用非謂語動詞；inspire與邏輯主語a six-meter-tall pavilion之間為動賓關系，應用過去分詞形式作后置定語。
inspired
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs _________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
design　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，動詞design和邏輯主語packs之間為被動關系，且動作已完成，應用過去分詞形式作后置定語。
design
4．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The latest _____________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
engineering　考查非謂語動詞。空處修飾空后的名詞techniques，在句中作定語，說明名詞的作用，應用動名詞engineering。
engineering
5．(2024·常州教育學會質檢)However, more significantly, Mbappé has scored nine goals in World Cups, becoming the first player _________ (reach) that mark before his 24th birthday.
to reach　考查非謂語動詞。空處修飾名詞player，作定語，名詞前面有the first修飾，一般用不定式作后置定語。
to reach
6．(2024·深圳一模)Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city ___________(combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
combining　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處為非謂語動詞作定語，修飾前面的名詞city，因為名詞city和動詞combine之間是主動關系，應用現在分詞形式作定語。
combining
7．(2024·常德3月模擬)Absolutely after all, who could miss out the opportunity _________(visit) such a remarkable seaside city and try out some of the best wine in all of China
to visit　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處為非謂語動詞作定語，修飾opportunity時應用不定式形式。
to visit
8．(2024·華中師大附中押題卷)We don't have relevant experience _________(refer) to, so we have to build the zone by doing our research and exploration.
to refer　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用不定式形式作定語，修飾experience。
to refer
9．(2024·紹興一模)The release of the new flavor is a part of the company's effort _________(attract) new Gen Z consumers.
to attract　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處為非謂語動詞作定語，修飾effort，應用動詞不定式。
to attract
10．(2024·寧波一模)While witnessing the process of bamboo gradually turning into bamboo silk and pot brushes, she couldn't contain her _________(surprise) expression.
surprised　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意可知，空處應用形容詞化的過去分詞，修飾空后的名詞expression，表示“感到驚訝的”，應用surprised。
surprised
11．(2024·金華十校一模)That's enough water _________(fill) the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall about 1,600 times.
to fill　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作非謂語，表將來，應用動詞不定式形式作定語。
to fill
12．(2024·菏澤一模)It is widely acknowledged that China's great development is one of the reasons for the _________(grow) popularity of Chinese books.
growing　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾popularity，應用形容詞化的現在分詞作定語，growing意為“增長的”，符合題意。
growing
[技法點撥]
1．邏輯關系解題法——doing/being done/to do/to be done/done
(1)表示被修飾詞的用途，用doing，如sleeping train；
(2)表示心理狀態的動詞-ing形式的形容詞，意為“令人……的”；
(3)動詞-ed形式的形容詞，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現內心感受的look、expression、tears、smile、voice等名詞；
(4)被修飾詞與所給提示詞是邏輯上的主謂關系：
①表示將來用to do；
②表示現在用doing。
(5)被修飾詞與所給提示詞是邏輯上的動賓關系：
①表示完成用done;
②表示將來用to be done;
③表示正在進行用being done。
2．提示詞解題法——to do
(1)名詞被the first/second等序數詞、the last/only/next/right/形容詞最高級修飾，且與提示詞是邏輯上的主謂關系；
(2)被修飾的名詞的同源動詞用不定式作賓語：plan、promise、wish、intention、hope、failure、attempt等；
(3)被修飾的名詞的同源形容詞用不定式作狀語：ability、anxiety、eagerness、determination、patience、willingness等；
(4)被修飾的名詞是chance、opportunity、power、strength、struggle、right、idea、measure、effort等。
考法4　非謂語動詞作主語和表語
[試做經典]
1．(2022·浙江卷1月)_______________(travel) to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
Travelling　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，謂語動詞為is viewed，空處應用動詞-ing形式作主語，單詞位于句首，首字母應大寫。
Travelling
2．(2022·新高考全國卷Ⅰ改編)The GPNP's main goal is _________ (improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
to improve　考查非謂語動詞。表示“目標”的詞匯，如aim、goal、target等作主語時，通常用動詞不定式作表語。
to improve
3．On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _________(get) there.
to get　考查固定句型。It takes (＋sb.) ＋some time＋to do sth.為固定句型。
to get
4．It is, therefore, urgent _________(update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields.
to update　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，句中it為形式主語，真正的主語應由動詞不定式充當。
to update
5．It's no use _________(try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge.
trying　考查固定句型。“It's no use doing...”意為“做……是無用的”。
trying
6．(2024·濟南二模)Despite being very busy at times, Chung is _________(excite) to earn money on his own, and it has also boosted his self-confidence.
excited　考查非謂語動詞。空處作表語，應用形容詞化的過去分詞形式，表示人的感受。
excited
7．(2024·福建4月聯考)The process can be very _________(bore). Only when practising basic movements again and again can one finally reach the standard.
boring　考查非謂語動詞。be動詞后需用形容詞化的現在分詞作表語，修飾process，表示“令人……的”，應用boring。
boring
8．(2024·重慶第二次聯合診斷)“I believe that you will see an ancient yet modern, an open and progressing country，” said Xu, citing Confucius' saying that “How _________(delight) we are to have friends coming from afar.”
delighted　考查非謂語動詞。根據How和we are可知，空處需用形容詞化的過去分詞作表語，修飾人，delighted意為“感到高興的”符合句意。
delighted
9．(2024·溫州一模)That's where seed banks come in, and their goal is ____________(preserve) as many plant species as possible.
to preserve　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意可知，空處表目的，應用不定式作表語。
to preserve
[技法點撥]
1．非謂語動詞作主語
(1)句中缺少主語，找到句子的謂語部分，確定應用doing/to do作主語；
(2)表示抽象的、習慣性的或經常性的動作用doing，表示具體某一次的動作用to do；
(3)掌握用doing/to do作主語的句型：
①It's＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb.) ＋to do sth.；
②It's no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.；
③It takes (＋sb.)＋some time/money＋to do sth.；
④It's worthwhile doing/to do sth.。
2．非謂語動詞作表語
空前是系動詞(be、get、feel、seem等)時，根據句子結構確定用不定式或分詞作表語。
(1)現在分詞作表語修飾物，意為“令人感到……的”；
(2)過去分詞作表語修飾人，意為“(人)感到……的”；
(3)不定式作表語，表示將來或目的。
Test 1
　　(2024·濟寧二模)A new adaptation of Chinese mythological stories has won the heart of audiences with its distinctive style. The animation (動畫) series, Yao—Chinese Folktales, 1.____________(gain) more than 110 million views online since it was released.
has gained
　　The series is 2._________ collection of 20-minute short films, consisting of eight separate stories 3._________(feature) monster-like characters, or Yao in Chinese.The collection, 4._________ ranges from ancient stories to science fiction, from emotional connection with hometowns to romantic love 5._________ from life themes to questions for humanity, presents Chinese culture and philosophy. For example, the first episode, named “Nobody”， tells a pig monster's story 6._________ (base) on the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. The creative team put the perspective on the little monsters who used to have blurry faces and didn't even have names in the story.
a
featuring
which
and
based
　　Li Zao, general producer, said it was impossible7._________(predict) what the eventual outcome would be at first. Now, the 8._________(favor) comments exceeded the expectations of the creative team. These contained both the audience's 9.___________(recognize) of the work and their hopes of Chinese animation. Besides adapting 10._____ the taste of the masses, the team also wanted to guide them to appreciate different types of work.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。中國神話故事《中國奇譚》的新改編以其獨特的風格贏得了觀眾的喜愛。
to predict
favorable
recognition
to
1．has gained　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語從句“since it was released”可知，此處應為現在完成時；主語The animation series為單數，助動詞用has。
2．a　考查冠詞。根據句意可知，空處表示泛指，應用不定冠詞；且空后collection的發音以輔音音素開頭，故應用a。
3．featuring　考查非謂語動詞。空處為非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語stories之間為主謂關系，故用現在分詞形式作后置定語。
4．which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞The collection，為物，且在從句中充當主語，故應用which。
5．and　考查連詞。根據句意可知，空處應為并列連詞連接三個并列的成分，應用and。
6．based　考查非謂語動詞。空處為非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語a story之間為動賓關系，故用過去分詞形式作后置定語。
7．to predict　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，it為形式主語，空處應為不定式作真正的主語。
8．favorable　考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞comments，應用形容詞。
9．recognition　考查名詞。空前為所有格the audience's，故空處應為名詞。
10．to　考查固定搭配。“adapt to...”為固定搭配，意為“適應……”。
Test 2
　　(2024·湛江二模)Unless you're actually in sales, the very concept of selling yourself during a job interview can be frightening. You don't want to sound arrogant (傲慢的), or worse, desperate. But learning how to be a self-promoter in 1.______ convincing manner is what the job interview is all about. The following tips can help you close the sale on a job offer.
a
　　Dress 2.____________(appropriate). Many hiring managers will form their first impression of you 3._________(base) on what you're wearing. The right interview clothing 4._________(depend) on the company you are applying for and the culture of the 5._____________(organize).
　　Ask unique questions. The secret of distinguishing yourself 6._______ other job candidates is simple: Ask good questions 7._________ are valuable to the company. These pointed, yet uncommon questions mark you as an in-depth, curious, persistent researcher.
appropriately
based
depends
organization
from
that/which
　　Prepare meaningful anecdotes (軼事). No matter 8.___________ industry you're in, you can expect 9._____________(ask) behavioral job interview questions. Normally, these questions require you to come up with examples from your past work experiences. Unfortunately, this is
　　where a lot of job seekers stumble (支吾).To craft a fascinating anecdote, experts recommend 10._________(use) real feedback to highlight your contribution.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個可以幫助你獲得工作機會的建議。
what/which
to be asked
using
1．a　考查冠詞。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾名詞manner，表泛指，且convincing的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用不定冠詞a。
2．appropriately　考查副詞。空處修飾動詞Dress，作狀語，應用副詞appropriately，意為“合適地”。
3．based　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，句子已有謂語動詞will form，所以空處應填非謂語動詞，且此處動詞base與其邏輯主語impression 之間為被動關系，應用過去分詞based表被動。
4．depends　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。本句描述的是一般事實，所以空處用一般現在時；主語The right interview clothing為單數，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
5．organization　考查名詞。空處由定冠詞the修飾，應填名詞。
6．from　考查固定搭配。“distinguish...from...”為固定搭配，意為“區分……與……”。
7．that/which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，指代先行詞questions，指物，并在從句中充當主語，所以用關系代詞that或which。
8．what/which　考查讓步狀語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處為“no matter＋疑問詞”的結構，引導讓步狀語從句，再結合句意可知，此處指的是無論身處什么產業或哪個產業，所以用what或which均可。
9．to be asked　考查非謂語動詞。expect to do sth.為固定短語，意為“期待做某事”，且此處的動詞ask與you之間為被動關系，所以用不定式的被動語態。
10．using　考查非謂語動詞。recommend doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“推薦做某事”。

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