資源簡介

(共18張PPT)
The presentation in the college entrance examination
Infinitive
--- act as attributive
目錄
01
Definition and structure
02
As the attributive
03
Exercise
04
Summary
Part 1 Definition and structure
不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式,由“to+動詞原形”構成，沒有人稱和數的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語。
但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等。
Definition of infinitives：
“非”謂語即就是“不是”謂語，把不能、不必做謂語的動詞，用另一種形式表現，就是非謂語的形式。
主動語態 被動語態 意義
一般式 to do to be done 表示動作與謂語動作同時發生或發生在謂語動作之后
進行式 to be doing 表示謂語動作發生時, 不定式的動作正在進行
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示動作發生在謂語動作之前
基本結構: “ to + 動詞原形”, to是不定式標志, 無意義, 有時不定式符號to可省略。
否定形式: not to + 動詞原形
Structures of infinitive
Part 2 The Infinitive as the Attributive
Lead-in
不定式作定語，一般放在所修飾的名詞、代詞后面。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
She is the first student to come to school.
There is nothing to worry about.
The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great impartance.
動詞不定式作定語: 通常是后置定語，即放在被修飾詞后。
(1)不定式作定語表示還未發生的動作。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.（天津高考）
開會期間，我一直在看鐘表，因為我要趕火車
The conference to be held in Zhengzhou next month is bound to be a great success.
下月將在鄭州召開的會議一定會圓滿成功。
【四川高考真題改編】
The airport （complete) next year, will help promote tourism in this area.
解析：to be completed。句意：明年竣工的機場將會幫助推動該地區旅游業的發展。分析：分析句子結構可知空處作定語修飾The airport,它所表示的動作尚未發生，故用動詞不定式,且complete與The airport之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以使用動詞不定式的被動形式。
(2)當中心詞是序數詞或是被序數詞、形容詞最高級、the next、the only、the last等詞語修飾時，常用不定式作后置定語。
He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
他是一個總是吃苦在前、享樂在后的人。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人類生活被認為是自然的一部分，同樣，我們存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和諧相處。
【2022全國甲卷語法填空】
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hicked 40 days to Xi’an， as a first step
（journey） the Belt and Road route by foot.
解析:to journey。句意：近日，一名來自北京的盲人徒步40天來到西安，作為“一帶一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子結構可知，journey在此為動詞，表示"旅行",step前面有序數詞first step,應用不定式做后置定語，故填to journey。
(3)抽象名詞ability、chance、idea、wish、right、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、opportunity、way、ambition等后常用動詞不定式作定語。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表達觀點的能力與觀點本身同等重要。
注意:不定式作定語時，若句子主語是不定式動作的執行者，用主動形式;若句子主語不是不定式動作的執行者，則用被動形式。
Do you have anything to send
你有什么東西要寄嗎 (不定式 to send的動作執行者是句子的主語you)
Do you have anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎 (不定式to be sent的動作執行者不是句子的主語you，而是被省略的me或someone else)
【2022全國甲卷閱讀改編】This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity______(do) creative things.
解析:to do。“____ do creative things”作后置定語修飾抽象名詞opportunity,應用動詞不定式。
Merits and demerits in writing(孰是孰非)
There is no chance to go abroad.
There is no chance of going aboard.
There is no chance going aboard.
(4)something, nothing, anything等不定代詞后，常用動詞不定式作定語。
We have nothing to fear but fear itself.
人最害怕的就是害怕本身。
(5)不定式作定語也可用在have … to do和there be句型中。
There is no one to take care of her.
沒有一個人可以照顧她。
I have no jewelry to wear.
我沒有首飾可戴。
不定式作定語通常放在其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，和被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關系、動賓關系或同位關系等。
(1)主謂關系
We need someone to help with the work.=We need someone that can help with the work.
(2)動賓關系：由于動詞不定式與其修飾的詞之間往往有動賓關系，因此，如果該不定式是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。
There is nothing you should to worry about right now.
注意:如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place、time、way等，不定式后的介詞習慣上可以省去。
He had no money and no place to live (in).
(3)同位關系
We don't have enough evidence to prove that he was wrong.
1.(2019 全國卷) Picking up her “Life time Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
2.(2021 北京卷) Much of this increase can be due to climiate change. The findings show a critical need （invest) in disaster prevention.
3.(2022 北京卷) As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run.
高考鏈接
to retire
to invest
to harm
Summarize the usages of infinitives as the attribute
Hello, my dear friends! I am greatly honoured ________ (share) the event with you. The theme of the activity is ___________ (introduce) Chinese traditional culture. During this month, there will be various activities for you ____________ (experience) the rich and colourful Chinese culture. You will have a chance___________ (make) paper-cutting or ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be some lectures for you _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial to your understanding about China. ________ (learn) more about China, don’t hesitate _________ (contact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up for the activity.
to share
to introduce
to experience
to make
to appreciate
to attend
To learn
which
to contact
to sign
語法填空
THANKS

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