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語法十一　主謂一致
第2部分　語法專題探究
考點精講
試題精練
語法十一　主謂一致
第2部分　語法專題探究
考點精講
主謂一致指句子的主語和謂語在數上保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則，即語法一致、意義一致和就近一致。
1. 語法一致
謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上要保持一致，即主語是單數概念，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語是復數概念，謂語動詞用復數形式。
主語 謂語動詞 例子
動詞不定式或動名詞 單數形式 Running ①______ my favorite sport. 跑步是我最喜歡的運動。
is　
主語 謂語動詞 例子
and and連接的兩個詞指同一個人或物時 單數形式 The writer and doctor ②___________ come. 這位作家兼醫生已經來了。
由and或both… and…連接的并列主語 復數形式 Both teachers and students ③______ playing sports on the playground. 老師和學生都在操場上做運動。
has　
are　
主語 謂語動詞 例子
a number of＋復數名詞，表示“許多” 復數形式 A number of visitors ④______visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors ⑤_______ increasing. 許多游客正在參觀西湖，而且游客的數量正在增加。
the number of＋復數名詞，表示“……的數量” 單數形式
are　
is　
主語 謂語動詞 例子
(1)each/every＋單數名詞 (2)either/neither/each/one of＋復數名詞 (3)由some-， any-， no-， every-構成的復合不定代詞 單數形式 One of the oldest stores in the small town ⑥_______ been here for over twenty years. 小鎮上最古老的商店之一已經在這里開了二十多年了。
(1)some of/most of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋名詞 (2)分數/百分數＋of＋名詞 與of后的名詞在數上保持一致 A quarter of the workers ⑦_________from Guangxi. 四分之一的工人來自廣西。
has　
come/are　
主語 謂語動詞 例子
主語后跟with, along with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, besides, including等詞時 與前面的主語的人稱和數保持一致 Now all the students except Tom ⑧______ in the class, because Tom as well as his parents ⑨____ on vacation.
現在除了湯姆，所有的學生都在班上，因為湯姆和他的父母在度假。
are　
is　
2. 意義一致
謂語動詞的數必須和主語的單復數意義保持一致。
主語 謂語動詞 例子
表示時間、重量、長度、價格、數學運算等概念的詞或短語 單數形式 Three years ⑩____________ passed since you left. 距你離開已過去三年了。
the＋姓氏名詞的復數，表示“……一家；……夫婦” 復數形式 The Greens _____________ traveling in China. 格林夫婦喜歡在中國旅行。
has　
enjoy/like/love　
主語 謂語動詞 例子
the＋某些形容詞，表示一類人 復數形式 Nowadays, the young _______ working hard to get a better life. 如今，年輕人正為了更好的生活而努力工作。
集體名詞 people, police等 復數形式 The police ________ worried about the safety of the boy. 警方擔心那個男孩的安全。
are　
are　
主語 謂語動詞 例子
集體名詞 family, class, team, group, public等 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果指集體的成員，謂語動詞用復數形式 Nick’s family ________ a big one. Listen! The family
_____ singing. 尼克的家庭是個大家庭。聽！一家人正在唱歌。
is　
are　
3. 就近一致
謂語動詞的單復數形式與并列主語中最靠近它的那個主語的人稱和數保持一致。遵循此原則的有there be句型， not only… but (also)…， neither… nor…， either… or…以及or連接的并列主語等。
There ____________ some food and two bottles of water in the box. 箱子里有一些食物和兩瓶水。
Neither you nor he knows how to use the computer. 你和他都不知道怎么使用這臺電腦。
Not only Tony but also I enjoy watching TV. 不僅托尼喜歡看電視，我也喜歡。
is　
試題精練
單項選擇
1. One of his childhood dreams ________ to travel around the world.
A．is B．are　 C．was
2. Not only she but also I ________ hanging out in the shopping mall.
A．like B．likes　 C．liked
3. Everyone in our class ________ an English storybook. We all like stories.
A．have B．has　 C．had
4. Neither Lily nor her parents ________ outdoors when the rainstorm came.
A．be B．was　 C．were
5. Both Sandy and Laura ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook together.
A．get B．gets　 C．is getting
6. The Martins ________ planning to see a film because Mrs. Martin’s birthday is coming.
A．be B．is　 C．are
7. It’s said that the old ________ colder than the young in winter.
A．feel B．feels　 C．felt
8. Ten months ________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build a bridge.
A．isn’t B．aren’t　 C．wasn’t
9. It’s 1:30 pm now. Most of our class ________sleeping.
A．is B．are　 C．was
10. (2024綏化)In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age.
A．eats; is B．eats; are　 C．eat; is
11. My aunt and uncle always ________ a walk in the park in the morning.
A．takes B．take　 C．are taking
12. (2024牡丹江)Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is　 C．was
13. Helen with her mother often ________ hills on Sundays. This is their favorite way to exercise.
A．climbs B．climb　 C．climbed
14. I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2,000 dollars ________ enough.
A．is B．was　 C．are
15. Nowadays, many people ________ their bikes to work because it’s good for protecting the environment.
A．ride B．rides C．have ridden
16. Look! Each student ________ an English book in the hand. They are reading English.
A．are having B．have C．is having
17. A survey on the children shows that more than 75 percent of them ________ not interested in science books.
A．is B．are　 C．were
18. —Could you go shopping with me this afternoon
—Neither Lucy or I ________ going shopping with you. Because we have to do housework at home.
A．am B．is　 C．are
19. (2024長春改編)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best
—On the Stork Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A．are B．is　 C．has
20. —Mandy along with her classmates often ________ to the park to pick up rubbish on the weekend.
—What good kids they are!
A．go B．goes　 C．went

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