資源簡介

(共23張PPT)
Unit 3
Discovering Useful Structure
Present Perfect Passive Voice
完成時時態(tài)
現(xiàn)在完成時：
have/has done
1.過去的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在
I have lived in China for 5 years.
我在中國住了5年。（從5年前到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在還在中國）
2.過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響
Someone has broken the window. (窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)
I have already lost the key. (我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)
I haven't read the book yet. (不了解書的內(nèi)容)
現(xiàn)在完成時
主動： 被動：
1) 動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 常與下列時間狀語連用: so far, up to now, up till now, by now, recently, lately, in recent years; (ever) since+一般過去時, in / during / over the past / last... years/months/days/weeks, over the years
1.His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
2) 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在有影響或結果
2.I got caught in the rain and my suit has been damaged.
have/has done
have/has been done
現(xiàn)在完成時
主動： 被動：
3) 固定句型:It / This / That is the first (second, third…) time that… +現(xiàn)在完成時，表示“第幾次做某事”
3.This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
have/has done
have/has been done
What is present perfect tense
present(now)
future
past
現(xiàn)在完成時
have/has done（過去分詞）
表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作，而且這個動作的結果對現(xiàn)在仍有影響; 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
練習
1.Every means ______(try) to protect pandas over the past 10 years.
2.Many kinds of apps ______(create) to attract young people to play games so far.
3.Many words _____(add) to the language since it was published.
has been tried
have been created
have been added
肯定式： have/has been done...
否定式： have/has not been done...
一般問句： Have/Has+主語+been done
特殊疑問句： 疑問詞+have/has+主語+been done
現(xiàn)在完成被動語態(tài)的基本結構
The singer has been invited (by Tom) .
The singer has not been invited (by Tom) .
Has the singer been invited (by Tom)
Who has been invited (by Tom)
否定
一般疑問
對賓語提問
過去完成時
主動： 被動：
1)過去的過去。常與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有by/before+一般過去時
By the time Jack returned from home from England, his son had graduated from college.
2) 固定句型: It/This was the first/second/third... time that sb. had done sth..到過去某一時間某人第幾次做某事
It was the first time that he had left his native land.
had done
had been done
練習
1. The young man, when questioned why he _______(break) the law, just looked at the policeman and said nothing.2. No sooner ________ Mo Yan ________ (step) on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.3. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house —Not really. She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.4. It is the first time he ________ (visit) this city.5. I _________ (intend) to call you, but was prevented from something unexpected.
練習
6. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience ________ (interrupt) him7. Though I ________ (explain) the text three times, the boy still couldn’t understand it.8. I am so upset that the house we _______ (live) in for so many years was consumed by the fire.9. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I ________ (have) before.10. I jumped with joy the moment I __________ (receive) my driver’s license.
練習
【答案】1. had broken; 2. had stepped;
3. had given; 4. has visited; 5. had intended; 6. interrupted; 7. had explained; 8. had lived; 9. have had; 10. received
You have slain an enemy.
Your team has destroyed the turret.
slay – slew - slain
have/ has done
have/ has been done
An ally has been slain.
An enemy has been slain.
You have been slain.
Your turret has been destroyed.
現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
防御塔
殺死
敵人
盟友
slay-slain-slain
思考：什么時候用被動語態(tài)
語態(tài)用來表示主語與謂語之間的關系，它是動詞的一種形式。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。
不知道動作的執(zhí)行者
沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者
強調(diào)動作的承受者
Present perfect passive voice
1. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
2. People’s lives have been changed by online communities and social
networks.
3. Many people have been helped by the club.
4. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
5. The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.
6. Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
7. Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
8. An identity card has been lost.
思考：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有什么意義？
Present perfect passive voice
主語和謂語是被動的關系：
表示動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還會繼續(xù)進行
動作已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果
例句 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)句式
The research has been done successfully.
The author’s new story has not been published.
Has his washing machine been repaired
Who has been invited
肯定式：have / has been done
否定式：have / has not been done
一般疑問句：把have / has提到主語的前面
特殊疑問句：
特殊疑問詞 + have / has been done
Present perfect passive voice
“三變”
例：They have solved the problem.
原句主語 (by+sb)
賓語 主語
謂語由主動 被動
“三不變”
原句意思不變
原句時態(tài)不變
原句主謂賓以外成分不變
The problem ________________________ by them.
has been solved
被動語態(tài)
I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.
Someone has lost an identity card.
The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.
An identity card has been lost.
Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.
Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password
Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file
Has anyone made a comment about the online database
Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
Has a/any comment been made about the online database
The world __________________________ (turn upside down) since the invention of the Internet and the introduction of personal computers into nearly every home. The twin inventions of the personal computer and the Internet ___________________(consider) to be among the two most important events of the last century.
The internet is bringing great changes to modern plete the text with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
has been turned upside down
have been considered
1. I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.
The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.
2. Someone has lost an identity card.
3. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password
An identity card has been lost.
Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
4. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file
Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database
Has a / any comment been made about the online database
Change the sentences below into the present perfect passive voice.

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