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人教版(2019)必修第一冊(cè) Unit 1 Teenage Life Discovering Useful Structures課件(共19張)

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人教版(2019)必修第一冊(cè) Unit 1 Teenage Life Discovering Useful Structures課件(共19張)

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(共19張PPT)
Unit 1
Discovering Useful Structures
Lead in
Use phrases to describe the picture
This is a baby.
This is a cute baby.
The baby is quite cute.
The baby cries very bitterly.
短語的定義:
短語或詞組是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞。
主語
名詞: Italian is my first language. 意大利語是我的母語。
代詞: Who is that woman 那個(gè)女的是誰?
動(dòng)名詞: Living in that island country for three months is an unforgettable experience for me.
在那個(gè)島國(guó)生活了三個(gè)月對(duì)于我來說是一段難忘的經(jīng)歷。
數(shù)詞: Two-third of workers are women. 三分之二的工人是女性。
不定式: To be or not to be is not a quesiton. 生存與死亡已經(jīng)不是一個(gè)問題。
詞組或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
總學(xué)習(xí)并不游戲讓孩子變得呆板。
An adult joggig for 3,000 meters burns 230 kilo-calories.
一個(gè)成年人慢跑三千米可以燃燒230千大卡。
從句 What has happened proves that our policy is right.
充當(dāng)主語有以下詞類:
S V(是系動(dòng)詞) P(表語)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(聞) felt looks is is became turned an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
構(gòu)成:
① adj. + n. /n. + adj.
homeless people 無家可歸的人 people present at the meeting 出席會(huì)議的人們
② n. + n.
the school football team 校足球隊(duì) a woman doctor 一名女醫(yī)生
③ n. + and + n.
teachers and students 老師和學(xué)生
④ v.-ing + n. / n. + v.–ing
reading ability 閱讀能力 students reading in the classroom 在教室讀書的學(xué)生們
⑤ -ed + n. /n. + -ed
fallen leaves 落葉 photos taken by Mike 邁克拍的照片
⑥ n. + to do
the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召開的會(huì)議
⑦ n. + 介詞短語
a solution to the question 問題的解決辦法
⑧ 限定詞 + n.
my schedule 我的時(shí)間表
名詞短語由“(限定詞)+(數(shù)詞、形容詞、形容詞短語、描述性名詞)+名詞+(介詞短語)”組成。
限定詞包括冠詞(a、an、the),指示代詞(this、that、these、those等),形容詞性物主代詞(my、your、his、her、our、their、its等)和不定代詞(some、no、neither、both等)。
根據(jù)句意,用恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~短語完成句子
(1)         begins with the first step(千里之行,始于足下).
(2)          (一個(gè)交換生)is talking to a teacher on campus.
(3) I want to make        (好的第一印象).
(4)He even told us        (一個(gè)有趣的故事)!
(5)            (上個(gè)月建造的那座橋)needs repairing.
(6)I’m interested in         (植物和動(dòng)物).
(7)I’d like to have          (一張學(xué)生證),please.
(8)What is the best way to improve your       (閱讀能力)
(9)I just had          (我的第一節(jié)數(shù)學(xué)課)in senior high school!
(10)The guy next to me tried to talk to me        (一直).
A thousand-mile journey
An exchange student
a good first impression
a funny story
The bridge built last month
plants and animals
a student ID card
reading ability
my first maths class
the whole time
Noun Phrase名詞短語
Adjective Phrase形容詞短語
Prepositional Phrase
介詞短語
Adverb Phrase
副詞短語
Verb Phrase動(dòng)詞短語
短語分類
Noun Phrase名詞短語
Adjective Phrase形容詞短語
Prepositional Phrase
介詞短語
Adverb Phrase
副詞短語
Verb Phrase動(dòng)詞短語
短語分類
短語(Phrases)
名詞短語(NP)
形容詞短語(AdjP)
副詞短語(AdvP)
作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語
作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等
作主語、表語、賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語
短語分類
Lead in
短語的分類:
名詞短語 (Noun Phrases):
指以一個(gè)名詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句子的功能相當(dāng)于名詞。
形容詞短語 (Adjective Phrases):
指以一個(gè)形容詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句子的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞。
副詞短語 (Adverb Phrases):
指以一個(gè)副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句子的功能相當(dāng)于副詞。
名詞短語(NP)
定義:
名詞與它的修飾語一起構(gòu)成的短語。
功能:
在句中的功能相當(dāng)于名詞,可作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。
注意:
名詞的修飾語與名詞有兩種位置關(guān)系:一是放在被修飾名詞的前面,作前置定語;二是放在被修飾名詞的后面,作后置定語。
Something interesting is for you. (主語)
He is my old friend. (表語)
He had a big dinner. (賓語)
We call him a great hero. (賓語補(bǔ)語)
1.They work hard.
主 + 謂
2.The flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 謂 + 賓
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 謂 + 間賓 + 直賓
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)
6.Many animals live in trees.
主 + 謂
除了基本句型的成分不變外,通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞),也可以是各種類型的短語(主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語)。下面以基本句型五(v+o+o.c)為例:
We found the hall full.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師,在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師,在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。
名詞短語
定義:指由幾個(gè)名詞或名詞及其修飾語構(gòu)成的短語。
構(gòu)成:名詞與修飾語之間的關(guān)系。
前置定語
后置定語
兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞由and 等并列連接詞連接。
Men and women are both invited to the party
冠詞修飾名詞
I don't know the woman in white.
名詞修飾名詞
He went to the bus stop with his friends.
She bought a diamond necklace yesterday.
分詞修飾名詞
The sleeping child is his son.
形容詞修飾名詞
Jerry, the famous singer, will come to our city to perform.
介詞短語修飾名詞
They are looking for a man without his left leg.
不定式修飾名詞
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞
He went to the swimming pool.
功能:在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。
限定詞
在名詞短語中對(duì)名詞中心詞起限定作用的詞叫做限定詞。限定詞位于名詞中心詞之前。
限定詞與作前置修飾語的形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞中心詞時(shí),要位于形容詞之前。
一個(gè)名詞前如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的限定詞,那么這些限定詞按分為:前位+中位+后位
all the four teacher (前 + 中 + 后)
both the twin brothers(前 + 中)
those last few months (中 + 后 + 后)
前位限定詞:
all, both, half, double, twice, one-third what
中位限定詞:
a (an), the, this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, its, some, no, every, either, enought, what (ever)
后位限定詞:
one, two, third, first, second, third, next, last, other, another,
many, much, (a)few, (a) little, fewer, (the)fewest, less, (the)least, more, most, several, such, plenty of, lots of, a great number of, a good/great many
(1)限定詞+名詞
a girl
the girl
that girl
three students
the first student
my books
some books
other books
限定詞是放在名詞前面,用來限定名詞所指范圍的詞語。對(duì)名詞起泛指或特指作用,表示確定數(shù)量或不確定數(shù)量的修飾成分。主要包括:
冠詞 (a,an,the)
指示代詞 (this,that,these,those等)
物主代詞 (my,your,his,our,their等)
不定代詞 (some,no,every,other等)
數(shù)詞 (one, two, five, first ,second等)
前置定語
(2)形容詞+名詞
small eyes 小眼睛
clean water 干凈的水
blue sky 藍(lán)色的天空
(3)描述性名詞+名詞
coffee cup 咖啡杯
shoe factory 鞋廠
paper flowers 紙花
winter clothes 冬季服裝
flower shop 花店
前置定語
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