資源簡介

Unit 1 Wish you were here
Grammar and usage（教學設計）
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
identify non-restrictive relative clauses;
choose proper relative pronouns and adverbs for non-restrictive relative clauses;
make sentences about how to be a sustainable tourist with non-restrictive relative clauses.
II. Key competence focus
1. Work out the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses.
2. Apply the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses.
III. Predicted area of difficulty
1. Use proper relative pronouns and adverbs in non-restrictive relative clauses.
2. Create sentences about how to be a sustainable tourist.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
T asks students to observe two sentences and tell a non-restrictive relative clause from a restrictive relative clause.
T: We have learnt something about Canada, a land of diversity. Here are two sentences from the article. Please observe the underlined clauses and tell the differences between them.
In the ten provinces and three territories which make up Canada, there is a great diversity in geography.
To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
T: The former is a restrictive relative clause while the latter is a non-restrictive relative clause. A comma is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause of a non-restrictive relative clause.
【設計意圖：溫故而知新，學生通過觀察已學的閱讀文章中的兩個句子發現兩種定語從句的區別，引出非限制性定語從句的概念?！?br/>Step 2 Exploring the rules
T asks students to read an article and find the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses.
T: Here is an article about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism. Please read it and
underline the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses.
Sample answers:
These industries, in turn, give jobs to the local population, whose welfare depends on tourism.
The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.
More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.
As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals.
Local festivals and customs, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists.
【設計意圖: 學生從語境中初步接觸到句法現象，理解非限制性定語從句的特征，體現“形式－意義－使用”三維語法觀中形式與意義的契合。】
Step 3 Working out the rules
1. Learning about Rule 1
T asks students to go through the five sentences above and deduce Rule 1: We often use a non-restrictive relative clause to add extra information to a noun, pronoun or noun phrase in the main clause or the main clause. A comma is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause.
T: Compare the following two sentences and you will have a better understanding of the rule:
1) This is the house which I bought last year. 這就是我去年買的房子。
2) This house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 這個房子是我去年買的，它有一個漂亮的花園。
2. Learning about Rule 2
T asks students to observe the relative pronouns and adverbs and work out Rule 2: We usually introduce a non-restrictive relative clause with a relative pronoun like who, whom, which and whose or a relative adverb like when and where. The relative pronoun and adverb cannot be left out in a non-restrictive relative clause.
T: Complete the following sentences with proper relative pronouns or adverbs.
1) I live in Nanjing, which is a big city.
2) I like my English teacher, who speaks good English.
3) I visit my grandparents at the weekend, when I do not go to school.
3. Learning about Rule 3
T asks students to complete the following sentences with proper relative pronouns and work out rule 3: We can put some/half/many/most/all of before relative pronouns whom and which.
Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on a diet.
I have been to many big cities, all of which have left a deep impression on me.
I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party, most of whom (他們中的大部分) are from abroad.
I earn only 1,000 dollars a month, half of which (其中一半) is spent on my car.
4. Learning about Rule 4
T asks students to translate the second and the fourth sentence of Step 2 into Chinese:
The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.
旅客的必需品如交通、食宿等的價格通常也會上漲，這又給周邊社區帶來了更多的財富。
4）As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals.
由于資源的使用速度超出了其可持續的能力，野生動植物的棲息地有可能會被破壞，從而危及當地的動植物。
T: This is Rule 4: We can use which in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole. Generally speaking, the non-restrictive relative clause will not be placed before the main clause.
T: Here are more examples.
He missed the show, which was a pity.
John told me he would join the Poetry Club, which surprised me greatly.
The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.
The fire lasted for a whole night, which caused great damage.
5. Learning about Rule 5
T: We can use as in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole and the non-restrictive relative clause can be placed before, among or after the main clause.
Here are some examples.
As is known to all, the Moon travels around the Earth.
The book is very interesting, as most readers say.
【設計意圖: 利用語篇中的5個句子講解非限制性定語從句的特征，關系代詞和關系副詞的選用等知識。讓學生通過觀察和思考總結出有關非限制性定語從句的基本概念和規則。并且通過一些半結構化、半開放式的語言練習，鞏固和運用非限制性定語從句的相關知識，為最后的寫作任務打下基礎。】
Step 4 Applying the rules
T asks students to finish B1 on Page 7 of the textbook.
Sample answers:
My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people, some of whom had never been abroad before.
My favorite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai, where my grandma was born.
Dr Luo, who is an expert in Chinese history, will give us a tour of Beijing.
I’d rather visit Europe in summer, when the weather is at its best.
I’m reading a guidebook to Rome, which is really fascinating and helpful.
T asks students to finish B2 on Page 7 of the textbook.
Sample answers: c a d b
3. T asks students to discuss more ways to be a sustainable tourist in pairs, using non-restrictive relative clauses.
Sample answers:
1) When you travel, never buy wildlife products, which are made from animal skins or other animal parts.
2) When you travel, you’d better buy souvenirs from the local people, who may make a living by selling handmade items.
3) When you travel, say no to plastic products, which reduces your carbon footprint.
4) When you travel, help the local children in the right way in some developing countries, where your kind giving often has unintended consequences.
【設計意圖：這個步驟是語法知識在句子層面、語篇層面和新語境中的運用。語法教學的最終目的是為運用。層層深入的活動設計體現“學習理解－應用實踐－遷移創新”英語學習活動觀?！?br/>V. Homework
Polish your sentences after class and exchange your sentences with other classmates.

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