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Unit 2 Sports culture
Grammar and usage（教學設計）
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. understand passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and know the regulations of them;
2. use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses skillfully in topics;
3. apply the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses in new contexts.
II. Key competence focus
Master and practice the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
III. Predicted area of difficulty
Use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses skillfully in topics.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
1. T greets the class.
2. T gets Ss to look at the screen and guide them to review the past continuous tense and past perfect tense.
T: Everybody, before we get down to our new lesson, Let’s take a brief look at past continuous tense and past perfect tense in active voice. Look at the sentences on the screen and fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
(1) When I saw him he ________ (decorate) his room, so I had no chance to chat with him.
(2) We ________ (watch) TV from seven to nine last night.
(3) He ________ (try) his best although he failed to pass the exam.
(4) I ________ (want) to help you, but I was too busy then.
T: Let’s check your answers. 1. was decorating 2. were watching 3. had tried 4. had wanted. Sentences 1 & 2 are past continuous tense, with the form of “subject + was/were + past participle of verb”. From sentence 1 we can see that the past continuous tense can express what happened at a certain point in the past. From sentence 2, we can see that past continuous tense can express the action or state what happened or was going on in a certain period of time or in a certain period of time in the past.
T: Sentences 3 & 4 are the past perfect tense, with the form of “subject + had + past participle”. From Sentence 3, we can see that the past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before a certain time in the past. From sentence 4, we can see that the past perfect tense is sometimes used to express unfulfilled wishes in the past. It is mainly used in such words as want, hope and intend.
【設計意圖：引領學生復習學過的過去完成式時和過去進行時的主動語態，有助于使學生集中注意力和有效地引入目標語法項目：過去完成式時和過去進行時的被動語態。】
Step 2 Exploring the rules
1. Ss read the following sentences and understand the definition of the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
T: Look at the sentences on the screen and fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
(1) The road ________ (repair) when I got there, so I couldn’t walk on it.
(2) The house ________ (clean) when the guests arrived, so they had to stand outside.
(3) He told me not to worry, because the injured ________ (send) to hospital.
(4) I found that the meal ________ (prepare) and I sat at the table to enjoy myself.
T: Let’s check your answers. 1. was being repaired 2. was being cleaned 3. had been sent 4. had been prepared. If we want to express something is being done in the past time, we can think over the example 1 and 2. And then, in the example 3 and 4, the action that has occurred or been completed at a certain time in the past or before an action. Open your notebook and write down these sentences. Understand passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and what situation we should use them.
2. Ss read the sentences and understand the grammar.
【設計意圖：讓學生從語境中初步接觸到語法現象，理解過去進行時的被動語態和過去完成時的被動語態。此處側重教師講解和學生領悟。】
Step 3 Working out the rules
Ss read the blog written by Nicole and conclude the rules in the book.
Some sentences in the blog:
1. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what ___________.
had just been achieved
2. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs ___________ to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part.
was being organized
3. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits ___________ like never before.
were being tested
4. I was happy to learn that a lot of money ___________ for charity.
had been raised
Ss: The example 2 and 3 express something is being done in the past time, while the example 1 and 4 express an action that has occurred or been completed at a certain time in the past or before an action. And there are some special structures in them.
T: Great! The structure “was/were being done” can be used in expressing something is being done in the past. The structure “had been done” can be used in expressing an action that has occurred or been completed at a certain time in the past or before an action.
【設計意圖：利用語篇中導出的4個句子講解句子成分和基本句子結構等知識。讓學生通過觀察和思考總結出有關過去進行時的被動語態和過去完成時的被動語態的規律。此處側重學生的認識和總結。】
Step 4 Applying the rules
1. Compete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
2. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.
Step 5 Extended practice
Let Ss make as many sentences as possible by using the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
T: There are two structures that we have learnt today. Please make as many sentences as possible by using them. Think about a sporting event you took part in or watched. Describe the experience using the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
T: What is the sportsmanship in your mind How do you use these two structures Write about it using two structures.
T: After you have finished, I will invite some of you to share your writings with us. Please evaluate the writings and see if the sentences are complete in structure.
T: This is a sample for your reference.
【設計意圖：這個步驟是語法知識語篇層面和新語境中的運用。語法教學的最終目的是為了運用。層層深入的活動設計體現了“學習理解——應用實踐——遷移創新”英語學習活動觀。】
V. Homework
Surf the Internet and find some information about a sport player. Write a brief introduction to him/her and what you have learnt from him/her. Use passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses as much as possible.
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